Two-step Design of Critical Control Systems Using Disturbance Cancellation Integral Controllers

An efficient critical control system design is proposed in this paper. The key idea is to decompose the design problem into two simpler design steps by the technique used in the classical loop transfer recovery method （LTR）. The disturbance cancellation integral controller is used as a basic controller. Since the standard loop transfer recovery method cannot be applied to the disturbance cancellation controller, the nonstandard version recently found is used for the decomposition. Exogenous inputs with constraints both on the amplitude and rate of change are considered. The majorant approach is taken to obtain the analytical sufficient matching conditions. A numerical design example is presented to illustrate the effiectiveness of the proposed design.

Analysis of Microbial Contamination Factors and Critical Control Points in the Process of Hog Slaughter and Production

In order to provide a reference for the further study of microbial contamination in the pork production process. Microbial contamination of pigs came from three slaughterhouses were detected, and critical control points in the progress of hog slaughter and processing were analyzed. The results showed that microbial con- taminatian existed in the entire slaughter and processing progress, including shower and assassination bloodletting, separation of the internal organs, chopping boards, workshop environment, personal hygiene of the operators, etc. , which should be paid more attention to. The results indicated that reasonable protection measures should be carried out, disinfection awareness of the operators should be improved, and regular disinfection should be ruled under the condition of continu- ous operation.

A Novel Pre-control Method of Vehicle Dynamics Stability Based on Critical Stable Velocity during Transient Steering Maneuvering

The current research of direct yaw moment control（DYC） system focus on the design of target yaw moment and the distribution of wheel brake force. The differential braking intervention can effectively improve the lateral stability of the vehicle, however, the effect of DYC can be improved a step further by applying the control of vehicle longitudinal velocity. In this paper, the relationship between the vehicle longitudinal velocity and lateral stability is studied, and the simulation results show that a decrease of 5 km/h of longitudinal velocity at a particular situation can bring 100° increasing of stable steering upper limit. A critical stable velocity considering the effect of steering and yaw rate measurement is defined to evaluate the risk of losing steer-ability or stability. A novel velocity pre-control method is proposed by using a hierarchical pre-control logic and is integrated with the traditional DYC system. The control algorithm is verified through a hardware in-the-loop simulation system. Double lane change（DLC） test results on both high friction coefficient（μ） and low μ roads show that by using the pre-control method, the steering effort in DLC test can be reduced by 38% and 51% and the peak value of brake pressure control can be reduced by 20% and 12% respectively on high μ and low μ roads, the lateral stability is also improved. This research proposes a novel DYC system with lighter control effort and better control effect.

Cooperative game penetration guidance for multiple hypersonic vehicles under safety critical framework

The rapid development of the anti-missile weapon technology brings new challenges to the cooperative penetration strategy solution and the guidance law design for Hypersonic Vehicles(HVs).This paper studies the coordinated game penetration guidance problem for multiple hypersonic vehicles faced with space threat areas.A scheme for seeking cooperative game penetration guidance strategy under safety critical control framework is presented.In this scheme,a multiHV cooperative game model is proposed in a minimum optimization form which can simplify the solving process and accelerate the computing speed.Then,a second-order control barrier function is developed to transform the implicit nonlinear constraints of the proposed model into linear ones.In order to obtain better performance of guidance strategy,a composite guidance law under the safety critical control framework is presented to allocate guidance strategies appropriately in the whole process.It is shown that the proposed scheme can guarantee successful penetration while avoiding threat areas.Finally,a comparative simulation with a two-on-three game is conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Risk Assessment of Afforestation and Reforestation Processes

Relatively simple forest planting process in real life is not so simple. Its relationships with various environmental, climatic, ecological and other environmental conditions cause a lot of problems. In this paper, hazard analysis critical control point （HACCP） analysis was conducted to identify the critical control points in forest regeneration process. As a result, it has a positive effect on the entire reforestation result. Critical control points will enable timely to draw attention to possible errors or incorrect solutions and consequently improve afforestation or restoration quality. Reforestation often occurs mistakes that lead to an unsuccessful reforestation. To remedy this situation, these critical control points should be identified with HAACP analysis.

Implementation of Food Safety Legislation in Catering Establishments in Latvia

The aim of the research was to evaluate overall quality of introduction of hazard analysis and critical control points （HACCP） prerequisites and HACCP procedures in catering sector in Latvia to reveal common problems that can provoke food-borne infection outbreaks. Certain quantitative indicators were defined and analyzed to conclude about characteristic trends related to implementation of food safety legislation. The state＇s monitoring data on surveillance of catering establishments were used. Fulfillment of legislative requirements in about 6,000 catering establishments was evaluated during time period of 2004-2009. The results of investigation were obtained with help of statistical analyses using MS Excel computer program. The results of the research suggest that most of catering establishments （e.g., 83.6% during 2009） meet the hygiene requirements only partly. Non-conformities regarding HACCP-based self-control procedures were fixed during 49.2% of inspections. The research reveals characteristic shortcomings that are established from year to year, e.g., improper hygiene of premises （established during 30%-40% of inspections, depending on the year）, poor hygiene of technological equipment （established during 27%-37% of inspections）, poor personnel hygiene （established during 11%-22% of inspections）, inadequate competence of food service personnel （established during 10%-35% of inspections）, as well as non-observance of cleaning-disinfection procedures and technological parameters for food processing （established during 11%-25% of inspections, depending on the year）. Actual shortcomings can lead to both the direct and the indirect cross-contamination of food. On the base of the research, it was concluded that further detailed assessment of potential food safety risks is relevant to establish risk-based monitoring activities in catering sector.

Comparison of Space Glucose Control and Routine Glucose Management Protocol for Glycemic Control in Critically Ⅲ Patients： A Prospective, Randomized Clinical Study

Background：The Space Glucose Control （SGC） system is a computer-assisted device combining infusion pumps with the enhanced Model Predictive Control algorithm to achieve the target blood glucose （BG） level safely.The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of glycemic control by SGC with customized BG target range of 5.8-8.9 mmol/L in the critically ill patients.Methods：It is a randomized controlled trial of seventy critically ill patients with mechanical ventilation and hyperglycemia （BG 〉 9.0 mmol/L）.Thirty-six patients in the SGC group and 34 in the routine glucose management group were observed for three consecutive days.Target BG for both groups was 5.8-8.9 mmol/L.The primary outcome was the percentage time in the target range.Results：The percentage time within BG target range in the SGC group （69 ＆#177; 15%） was significantly higher than in the routine management group （52 ＆#177; 24%;P 〈 0.01）.No measurement was 〈2.2 mmol/L,and there was only one episode of hypoglycemia （2.3-3.3 mmol/L） in each group.The average BG was significantly lower in the SGC group （7.8 ＆#177; 0.7 mmol/L） than in the routine management group （9.1 ＆#177; 1.6 mmol/L,P 〈 0.001）.Target BG level was reached earlier in the SGC group than routine management group （2.5 ＆#177; 2.9 vs.12.1 ＆#177; 15.3 h,P =0.001）.However,the SGC group performed worse for daily insulin requirement （59.8 ＆#177; 39.3 vs.28.4 ＆#177; 36.7 U,P =0.001）and sampling interval （2.0 ＆#177; 0.5 vs.3.7 ＆#177; 0.5 h,P 〈 0.001） than the routine management group did.Multiple linear regression showed that the intervention group remained a significant individual predictor （P 〈 0.001） of the percentage time in target range.Conclusions：The SGC system,with a BG target of 5.8-8.9 mmol/L,resulted in effective and reliable glycemic control with few hypoglycemic episodes in critically ill patients with mechanical ventilation and hyperglycemia.However,the workload was increased.Trial Registration：http：//www.clinicaltrials.gov,NCT 02491346;https：//www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02491346？term=NCT0 2491346＆amp;cond=Hyperglycemia＆amp;cntry1=ES%3ACN＆amp;rank=1.

Controlling threshold in soil salinity when planting spring wheat and sequential cropping silage corn in Northern Xinjiang using drip irrigation

Xinjiang Region of China is one of the most typical and representative arid areas worldwide,along with severe soil salinization issue.Planting spring wheat and sequential cropping silage corn in Northern Xinjiang using drip irrigation has become an effective way to relieve soil salinity stress,which improves the simple agricultural structure in the past and ensures food security in this area.However,neither the effects of different soil salinities on the growth and yield of spring wheat and silage corn,nor their desalination effect correspondingly was clear until now.Therefore,a pot experiment was conducted at Shihezi,Xinjiang from March to June 2015.The study aimed to establish the quantitative correlations between the parameters mentioned above and came up with the appropriate soil salinity threshold in Northern Xinjiang area.The results confirmed that the soils in all treatments were desalinated after the whole growth period,and the decreasing rates varied within 18.89%-44.08%and 11.06%-30.83%for two plants,which showed linear and quadratic correlations with initial soil salinity,respectively(R^(2)>0.92^(**),p<0.05).Meanwhile,higher soil salinity would inhibit crop growth and yield,and the initial soil salinity also represented the negative quadratic correlations with growth parameters(R^(2)>0.92^(**),p<0.01).The inhibition effect was enhanced with larger initial soil salinity.After the comprehensive consideration of soil salinity variation,crop growth and yield,the initial soil salinity was recommended under 8.91 g/kg and 5.54 g/kg to plant spring wheat and sequential cropping silage corn in Northern Xinjiang using drip irrigation.

高校餐饮食品安全管理体系研讨

梳理了当前高校餐饮食品安全管理体系有关研究,将高校餐饮食品安全管理体系从提出主体和管理思想两个维度进行分类。从提出主体看,归纳为“政府行政”“国际认证”“行业或企业自律”三类。从管理思想看,归纳为“以评促建”“过程管理”“现场管理”三类。不同的食品安全管理体系均可提升高校餐饮食品安全管理水平,各有优劣。各高校可依据省情、校情,社会化程度差异等的不同,选择适宜的食品安全管理体系,或将不同类别的管理体系结合运用,确保高校餐饮食品安全。同时,各高校应加强有关对各类食品安全管理体系存在的问题和改进方式的探索研究。

Immunogenic-cell-killing and immunosuppression-inhibiting nanomedicine

Combining chemo-therapeutics with immune checkpoint inhibitors facilitates killing cancer cells and activating the immune system through inhibiting immune escape.However,their treatment effects remain limited due to the compromised accumulation of both drugs and inhibitors in certain tumor tissues.Herein,a new poly(acrylamide-co-acrylonitrile-co-vinylimidazole-co-bis(2-methacryloyl)oxyethyl disulfide)(PAAVB)polymer-based intelligent platform with controllable upper critical solution temperature(UCST)was used for the simultaneous delivery of paclitaxel(PTX)and curcumin(CUR).Additionally,a hyaluronic acid(HA)layer was coated on the surface of PAAVB NPs to target the CD44-overexpressed tumor cells.The proposed nanomedicine demonstrated a gratifying accumulation in tumor tissue and uptake by cancer cells.Then,the acidic microenvironment and high level of glutathione(GSH)in cancer cells could spontaneously decrease the UCST of polymer,leading to the disassembly of the NPs and rapid drug release at body temperature without extra-stimuli.Significantly,the released PTX and CUR could induce the immunogenic cell death(ICD)to promote adaptive anti-tumor immunogenicity and inhibit immunosuppression through suppressing the activity of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1(IDO1)enzyme respectively.Therefore,the synergism of this intelligent nanomedicine can suppress primary breast tumor growth and inhibit their lung metastasis.