Collision off-axis position dependence of relativistic nonlinear Thomson inverse scattering of an excited electron in a tightly focused circular polarized laser pulse

This paper presents a novel view of the impact of electron collision off-axis positions on the dynamic properties and relativistic nonlinear Thomson inverse scattering of excited electrons within tightly focused, circularly polarized laser pulses of varying intensities. We examine the effects of the transverse ponderomotive force, specifically how the deviation angle and speed of electron motion are affected by the initial off-axis position of the electron and the peak amplitude of the laser pulse. When the laser pulse intensity is low, an increase in the electron's initial off-axis distance results in reduced spatial radiation power, improved collimation, super-continuum phenomena generation, red-shifting of the spectrum's harmonic peak, and significant symmetry in the radiation radial direction. However, in contradiction to conventional understandings,when the laser pulse intensity is relatively high, the properties of the relativistic nonlinear Thomson inverse scattering of the electron deviate from the central axis, changing direction in opposition to the aforementioned effects. After reaching a peak, these properties then shift again, aligning with the previous direction. The complex interplay of these effects suggests a greater nuance and intricacy in the relationship between laser pulse intensity, electron position, and scattering properties than previously thought.

Usefulness of computed tomography based three-dimensional reconstructions to assess the critical shoulder angle

BACKGROUND The critical shoulder angle(CSA)is a radiographic measurement that provides an assessment of both glenoid inclination and acromial length.Higher values may correlate with the presence of rotator cuff tears.However,it is difficult to obtain a high-quality true anteroposterior(AP)radiograph of the shoulder,with any excess scapular version or flexion/extension resulting in deviation from the true CSA value.Three-dimensional(3D)bony reconstructions of computed tomography(CT)shoulder scans may be able to be rotated to obtain a similar view to that of true AP radiographs.AIM To compare CSA measurements performed on 3D bony CT reconstructions,with those on corresponding true AP radiographs.METHODS CT shoulder scans were matched with true AP radiographs that were classified as either Suter-Henninger type A or C quality.3D bony reconstructions were segmented from the CT scans,and rotated to replicate an ideal true AP view.Two observers performed CSA measurements using both CT and radiographic images.Measurements were repeated after a one week interval.Reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients(ICCs)and Bland-Altman plots[bias,limits of agreement(LOA)].RESULTS Twenty CT shoulder scans were matched.The mean CSA values were 32.55°(±4.26°)with radiographs and 29.82°(±3.49°)with the CT-based method[mean difference 2.73°(±2.86°);P<0.001;bias+2.73°;LOA-2.17°to+7.63°].There was a strong correlation between the two methods(r=0.748;P<0.001).Intra-observer reliability was similar,but the best intra-observer values were achieved by the most experienced observer using the CT-based method[ICC:0.983(0.958-0.993);bias+0.03°,LOA-1.28°to+1.34°].Inter-observer reliability was better with the CT-based method[ICC:0.897(0.758-0.958),bias+0.24°,LOA-2.93°to+3.41°].CONCLUSION The described CT-based method may be a suitable alternative for critical shoulder angle measurement,as it overcomes the difficulty in obtaining a true AP radiographic view.

Three-dimensional finite element analysis of critical pre-twist strain angle for torsional axis

A three-dimensional elasto-plastic finite element analysis of pre-twist process for a torsional axis made of 45GrNiMoVA steel, was carried out using a commercial finite element analysis code, MSC MARC 2001. The results show that the critical pre-twist strain angle is 0.027 rad and the maximum elastic shear stress after pre-twist is 1694MPa for the torsional axis.

Hydraulic support stability control of fully mechanized top coal caving face with steep coal seams based on instable critical angle

Analyzed the support instable mode of sliding,tripping,and so on,and believed the key point of the support stability control of fully mechanized coal caving face with steep coal seams was to maintain that the seam true angle was less than the hydraulic support instability critical angle.Through the layout of oblique face,the improvement of support setting load,the control of mining height and nonskid platform,the group support system of end face,the advance optimization of conveyor and support,and the other control tech- nical measures,the true angle of the seam is reduced and the instable critical angle of the support is increased,the hydraulic support stability of fully mechanized coal caving face with steep coal seams is effectively controlled.

Fundamental solutions of critical wedge angles for one-dimensional piezoelectric quasicrystal wedge

Two problems of a one-dimensional(1D)piezoelectric quasicrystal(QC)wedge are investigated,i.e.,the two sides of the wedge subject to uniform tractions and the wedge apex subject to the concentrated force.By virtue of the Stroh formalism and Barnett-Lothe matrices,the analytical expressions of the displacements and stresses are derived,and the generalized solutions for the critical wedge angles are discussed.Numerical examples are given to present the mechanical behaviors of the wedge in each field.The results indicate that the effects of the uniform tractions and the concentrated force on the phonon field displacement are larger than those on the phason field.

Image Motion Compensation of Off-Axis TMA Three-Line ArrayAerospace Mapping Cameras

To enhance the image motion compensation accuracy of off-axis three-mirror anastigmatic( TMA)three-line array aerospace mapping cameras,a new method of image motion velocity field modeling is proposed in this paper. Firstly,based on the imaging principle of mapping cameras,an analytical expression of image motion velocity of off-axis TMA three-line array aerospace mapping cameras is deduced from different coordinate systems we established and the attitude dynamics principle. Then,the case of a three-line array mapping camera is studied,in which the simulation of the focal plane image motion velocity fields of the forward-view camera,the nadir-view camera and the backward-view camera are carried out,and the optimization schemes for image motion velocity matching and drift angle matching are formulated according the simulation results. Finally,this method is verified with a dynamic imaging experimental system. The results are indicative of that when image motion compensation for nadir-view camera is conducted using the proposed image motion velocity field model,the line pair of target images at Nyquist frequency is clear and distinguishable. Under the constraint that modulation transfer function( MTF) reduces by 5%,when the horizontal frequencies of the forward-view camera and the backward-view camera are adjusted uniformly according to the proposed image motion velocity matching scheme,the time delay integration( TDI) stages reach 6 at most. When the TDI stages are more than 6,the three groups of camera will independently undergo horizontal frequency adjustment. However, when the proposed drift angle matching scheme is adopted for uniform drift angle adjustment,the number of TDI stages will not exceed 81. The experimental results have demonstrated the validity and accuracy of the proposed image motion velocity field model and matching optimization scheme,providing reliable basis for on-orbit image motion compensation of aerospace mapping cameras.

Experimental study of the critical sand starting velocity of gas-watersand flow in an inclined pipe

The purpose of this paper is to study the critical sand starting velocity and transformation law of flow pattern based on gas-water-sand three-phase flow in an inclined pipe.Firstly,the indoor simulation experiment system of gas-water-sand three-phase flow was used to test the conversion law of flow pattern based upon the different gas void fraction.Secondly,the influence of slug bubbles on sand migration was investigated according to distinctive hole deviation angles,gas void fraction and sand concentration.Finally,the critical sand starting velocity was tested based on dissimilar hole deviation angles,gas void fraction,sand concentration and sand particle size,and then the influence of the abovementioned key parameters on the sand starting velocity was debated based on the force analysis of the sand particles.The experimental results illustrated that when the gas void fraction was less than 5%,it was bubbly flow.When it increased from 5%to 30%,the bubbly flow and slug flow coexisted.When it was between 30%and 50%,the slug flow and agitated flow coexisted.When it reached 50%,it was agitated flow.Providing that the hole deviation angle was 90°,the phenomenon of overall migration and wavelike migration on the surface of sand bed was observed.On the contrary,the phenomenon of rolling and jumping migration was recognized.The critical sand starting velocity was positively correlated with the hole deviation angle and sand particle size,but negatively associated with the gas void fraction and sand concentration.This research can provide a certain reference for sand-starting production in the field of petroleum engineering.

Influences of attack angle and mach number on aerodynamic characters of typical sections of extra-long blade in a steam turbine

On super-sonic or trans-sonic planar cascade wind tunnel of free jet intermittent type, wind blowing experiments were performed on the typical sections of stator and rotor blades in the last stage of ultra-ultra-critical steam turbine with extra-long blade of 1200mm. The influences of attack angle and Mach number on the aerodynamic performances of these sections of the blade profiles were verified, and their operating ranges were also specified.

考虑分岔角度和火源位置的地铁分岔隧道火灾临界风速研究

为探究地铁分岔隧道的分岔角度和火源位置对隧道火灾烟气蔓延的影响规律,使用火灾动力学模拟软件FDS对不同火源位置、火源功率以及分岔角度等火灾场景下的地铁分岔隧道烟气温度分布、临界风速进行研究。研究结果表明:地铁分岔联络隧道的临界风速受表征顶棚最高温升系数α和表征分岔隧道分流量的速度损失系数ζ的耦合影响;临界风速时,隧道火源下游烟气温度符合双指数模型衰减;在本文研究的火源功率范围内,分岔隧道内无量纲临界风速与无量纲火源功率的1/3次方成正比;相同火源功率下,分岔角度对临界风速影响较小,而火源位置对临界风速影响较大,火源位于分岔后的临界风速大小约为分岔前的1/(1-ζ)倍。研究结果可为地铁分岔联络通道的通风排烟系统工程设计提供一定程度的参考。

甜樱桃采后表皮蜡质形态及相关性质变化规律

[目的]揭示不同品种甜樱桃耐贮性差异的原因,为其采后涂膜保鲜提供理论支持和技术指导。[方法]选取4个具有代表性的甜樱桃品种(红灯、雷尼、红玛瑙、友谊)作为研究对象,对采收时不同品种甜樱桃果皮蜡质的形态、果皮对不同溶液的接触角以及红玛瑙樱桃在贮藏期间表皮蜡质形态、接触角、临界表面张力的变化进行了探究。[结果]4个品种甜樱桃在采收时表皮的蜡质分布和形态均存在差异,表皮对于同一种溶液的接触角存在显著差异;红玛瑙樱桃表皮蜡质在贮藏期间呈减少趋势;由于甜樱桃表皮的疏水性,在配制涂膜液时,向其中添加0.1%的吐温-20作为表面活性剂可显著提高涂膜液在其表面的润湿性;红玛瑙樱桃贮藏期间表皮对去离子水的接触角呈下降趋势,并且其临界表面张力随贮藏时间的延长不断升高。[结论]不同品种甜樱桃耐贮性的差异可能与其表皮特性相关联,在涂膜保鲜液中添加0.1%的吐温-20可使涂膜液更均匀地涂覆在甜樱桃表面。

柔性光伏系统颤振性能的节段模型试验研究

柔性光伏支架的频率低、质量轻,极易在风荷载作用下发生大幅振动。以某实际柔性光伏项目为工程背景,借鉴桥梁抗风的研究经验,对该柔性光伏支架的颤振性能进行研究。首先,考虑严格的相似比关系,设计并制作了弹性悬挂节段模型系统,并对其动力特性进行了测试;然后,进行不同光伏组件倾角(-39°~+39°)下的弹性悬挂节段模型测振风洞试验,研究光伏组件风致响应随风速的变化规律,得到各倾角下柔性光伏节段模型的颤振临界风速值,探讨2种气动措施对提高柔性光伏支架颤振稳定性的效果。结果表明:在0°~39°的正倾角工况下,柔性光伏支架的颤振临界风速随光伏组件倾角的增大,呈现先减小后增大的趋势,最小颤振临界风速出现在12°~21°光伏组件倾角范围内,折算成实际风速为9.6m/s;在-39°~0°的负倾角工况下,颤振临界风速随光伏组件倾角的增大,也呈现先减小后增大的趋势,最小颤振临界风速出现在-21°~-12°光伏组件倾角范围内,折算成实际风速为10.1m/s;设置中央稳定板的气动措施难以有效提高柔性光伏支架的颤振临界风速。

液压支撑单点渐进成形临界角研究

单点渐进成形复杂形状的薄壁制件时,不均匀厚度分布是影响产品性能和成形质量的主要原因。将液压支撑引入单点渐进成形过程中,提出一种液压支撑单点渐进成形工艺,该工艺通过对悬空板材增加柔性支撑来促进厚度的均匀分布。在静压和变压的辅助支撑下,采用Al1060板材单点渐进成形不同壁角的圆锥台制件,通过数值模拟和实验研究定量分析静压参数与变压方案对厚度分布及厚度均匀临界角的影响规律。结果表明,对厚度均匀分布临界角的有利静压压力范围为0~0.18 MPa,最有利的静压压力值为0.17 MPa。与无支撑单点渐进成形相比,液压支撑单点渐进成形工艺可以使厚度均匀临界角增大7°,有效提升板材的厚度分布均匀性和成形性能。

多分支水平井岩屑运移模型与实验研究

随着多分支水平井及复杂结构井钻井技术的不断发展,井眼清洁技术面临着新的困难和挑战。如何解决复杂地质条件与复杂井型条件下的岩屑床问题,对于判断与处理井下复杂情况是当前钻井工程面临的重要科学问题之一。通过岩屑颗粒受力分析建立了岩屑运移环空临界流速模型;基于室内可视化岩屑运移实验,探究了岩屑运移影响规律。结果表明:井斜角为36°时岩屑临界启动速度最大,携岩最为困难;模型预测结果与实验结果吻合度较好,且基于实例井的预测结果与现场作业情况一致,验证了所建模型的可靠性。该研究可为大位移大井斜井及水平井井眼清洁提供理论依据和技术支持。

配置抗冲切钢筋的RC板柱节点受冲切承载力计算

为计算配有常用抗冲切钢筋(箍筋和栓钉)的钢筋混凝土(RC)板柱节点的受冲切承载力,结合梁斜拉破坏机理和修正压力场理论(MCFT)提出一种配有抗冲切钢筋的RC板柱节点的受冲切承载计算方法.首先根据MCFT推导出配有抗冲切钢筋的RC板柱节点的临界斜裂缝倾角计算式;然后,假定冲切破坏时临界截面周长范围内的抗冲切钢筋达到屈服强度,将临界斜裂缝倾角代入MCFT推导出板柱节点的受冲切承载力计算方法;最后,使用该方法和美国规范(ACI 318-19)方法计算62个配有抗冲切钢筋的RC板柱节点试验的冲切承载力,并分析了混凝土强度、板有效厚度、柱截面边长、抗弯钢筋配筋率及抗冲切钢筋配筋率对节点抗冲切承载力的影响.结果表明:由MCFT推导出的节点受冲切承载力计算值与试验值吻合较好,均值为0.96,变异系数为0.20;节点的冲切承载力与上述影响因素呈非线性正相关.该方法可用于配有抗冲切钢筋的RC板柱节点的受冲切承载力计算.

海洋纤维增强柔性管压溃失效特性研究及参数敏感性分析

以一种黏结型的纤维增强柔性管作为研究对象,基于ABAQUS建立纤维增强柔性管的实体单元模型。根据二维Hashin失效判据判断柔性管失效情况,充分考虑管道内外护套层塑性及纤维增强层复合材料渐进失效,建立纤维增强柔性管的压溃数值模型。将特征值法与弧长法相结合,计算得到了较为精准的纤维增强柔性管临界压溃压力及对应的外压—椭圆度曲线;并对影响柔性管临界压溃压力的几个敏感性参数如椭圆度、纤维缠绕角度、直线度进行分析。研究结果表明椭圆度和直线度偏差的增大及纤维缠绕角度的降低均会使柔性管的临界压溃压力下降,该结果对纤维增强柔性管的设计与使用均具有一定的参考意义。

肩峰形态在退行性肩袖撕裂诊断中的研究进展

退行性肩袖撕裂是引起肩关节疼痛的常见病因,随着现代社会老龄化的日趋严重,退行性肩袖撕裂的发病率日益上升。许多研究证实肩峰形态与退行性肩袖撕裂的发生有一定的相关性。临界肩角(CSA)、肩峰指数(AI)可以反映肩峰形态的个体解剖学差异。回顾相关文献,发现CSA、AI可在一定程度上预测退行性肩袖撕裂的发生,但在预测退行性肩袖撕裂的诊断价值及预测方法上仍需进一步研究。

边坡破裂角分析

【目的】边坡破裂角是边坡稳定性分析和加固设计的重要参数。关于确定边坡破裂角的方法目前尚存在一些争议。【方法】运用摩尔-库伦强度理论、边坡稳定性评价和挡土墙土压力三种计算方法对边坡破裂角进行计算与分析。【结果】推导出直立边坡稳定安全系数所对应的破裂角计算公式。通过边坡稳定性计算得到边坡稳定安全系数所对应的破裂角,当边坡稳定安全系数大于1.00时,该破裂角为潜在破裂角;当边坡稳定安全系数等于1.00时,该破裂角为临界破裂角。【结论】运用挡土墙土压力计算方法得到的破裂角是土压力最大时所对应的破裂角,并不是边坡临界破裂角。《建筑边坡工程技术规范》(GB 50330—2013)基于挡土墙土压力计算思路确定的边坡破裂角是不合理的,建议修改。

同心和偏心锥形煤斗卸料流动特性研究

为了研究颗粒在同心锥形煤斗和偏心锥形煤斗中的卸料流动特性,采用离散元法在EDEM软件中建立颗粒离散元模型,对半顶角不同的煤斗进行颗粒卸料流动的数值模拟,对颗粒的质量流量、流动稳定性和煤斗中心线处颗粒速度进行了分析。结果表明:参数条件相同时,偏心锥形煤斗的质量流量大于同心锥形煤斗,同心锥形煤斗存在质量流量变化的临界半顶角,而偏心煤斗不存在明显的临界半顶角;随着半顶角的减小,2种煤斗的质量流量随之增大;偏心锥形煤斗的卸料稳定性优于同心锥形煤斗,但2种煤斗在半顶角大于60°后,变异系数都出现大幅增加;2种煤斗在半顶角为0°—40°时表现为整体流,在半顶角大于60°时表现为中心流。说明偏心锥形煤斗卸料整体性能优于同心锥形煤斗。

基于全反射原理的透明液体浓度测量方法研究

现如今有多种方法测量透明液体浓度,比重法、折射法(最小偏向角法)、超声光栅法等,以上的方法均需建立浓度与密度、折射率、声速及光损量之间的关系测量,从而得出测量浓度的一种表征。该文提出利用全反射原理中,即光从光密介质射向光疏介质时,当入射角超过某一角度θc(临界角)时,折射光完全消失,只剩下反射光线的现象叫做全反射,以NaCl溶液为例,通过测量不同浓度的溶液所引起的全反射现象,进而引起入射光源的高度变化,通过实验探究得出“浓度-高度”呈线性的负相关,并利用此关系实现对透明液体浓度的测量。研究实验表明,拟合出相关系数R^(2)=0.9957,拟合效果好,测量精度达99%。

偏轴载荷下连续SiC纤维增强钛基复合材料的拉伸行为研究

连续SiC纤维增强钛基(SiCf/Ti)复合材料是未来高性能动力装置的关键材料之一。针对SiCf/Ti复合材料中纤维与试样轴向载荷常存在一定偏轴角度的问题,通过室温拉伸、有限元模拟和断口表征研究了偏轴角度对SiCf/TC17复合材料力学性能和失效机理的影响。根据SiCf/TC17复合材料力学性能、断口形貌和应力分布可以定义一个临界偏轴角度,其数值约为1°。结果表明,随偏轴角度的增加,复合材料试样的抗拉强度下降,且当偏轴角度超过临界值时,抗拉强度下降速率增加。复合材料的失效机制与偏轴角度相关,当偏轴角度小于临界值时,试样断口由数个平坦的断面组成,纤维拔出和界面开裂程度都较低,纤维断面基本垂直于轴线,为典型的正应力断裂形貌;当偏轴角度大于临界值时,断口的起伏程度增加,纤维拔出和界面开裂现象都更加明显,部分纤维开始出现剪切断裂,表明拉剪耦合在断裂中起到重要作用。因此,对于SiCf/TC17复合材料轴向试样而言,应将纤维与试样整体的偏轴角度控制在临界值内,以获得有效的性能测试数据。