Roles of oligodendrocyte precursor cells in the central nervous system:Oligodendrocyte precursor cells(OPCs)have long been recognized for their critical role as precursors to oligodendrocytes,the primary myelin-produc...Roles of oligodendrocyte precursor cells in the central nervous system:Oligodendrocyte precursor cells(OPCs)have long been recognized for their critical role as precursors to oligodendrocytes,the primary myelin-producing cells.As precursors,OPCs mature and differentiate into oligodendrocytes,which contribute significantly to the formation of myelin sheaths around axons.This myelination,which is critical for the conduction of salutatory nerve impulses in the cerebral white matter,underscores the classical role of oligodendrocytes in central nervous system(CNS)functionality.Importantly,because oligodendrocytes are differentiated cells that cannot proliferate.展开更多
Adult microglia,by continuously sensing changes in their environment and communicating with nearly all brain cell types,are considered to be the immune sentinels of the brain.In the healthy central nervous system(CNS)...Adult microglia,by continuously sensing changes in their environment and communicating with nearly all brain cell types,are considered to be the immune sentinels of the brain.In the healthy central nervous system(CNS),microglia display a unique molecular homeostatic signature(i.e.,Tmem119,P2ry12,Sall1,Siglech,Gpr34,and Hexb)(Figure 1A).展开更多
Hypoglycemia-a critical complication linked to worsened brain function in diabetic subjects:Hypoglycemia is characterized by a decline in circulatory glucose levels below sta nda rd physiological thresholds.Mild hypog...Hypoglycemia-a critical complication linked to worsened brain function in diabetic subjects:Hypoglycemia is characterized by a decline in circulatory glucose levels below sta nda rd physiological thresholds.Mild hypoglycemia,classified as level 1 hypoglycemia,is defined by blood glucose levels below 70 mg/dL and can be effectively addressed through carbohydrate intake.Severe hypoglycemia,denoted by blood glucose levels less than 54 mg/dL,poses a life-threatening risk if left untreated.Individuals with type 1 and type 2 diabetes undergoing insulin treatment are particularly susceptible to hypoglycemia due to impaired counterregulatory mechanisms.展开更多
Solvent extraction,a separation and purification technology,is crucial in critical metal metallurgy.Organic solvents commonly used in solvent extraction exhibit disadvantages,such as high volatility,high toxicity,and ...Solvent extraction,a separation and purification technology,is crucial in critical metal metallurgy.Organic solvents commonly used in solvent extraction exhibit disadvantages,such as high volatility,high toxicity,and flammability,causing a spectrum of hazards to human health and environmental safety.Neoteric solvents have been recognized as potential alternatives to these harmful organic solvents.In the past two decades,several neoteric solvents have been proposed,including ionic liquids(ILs)and deep eutectic solvents(DESs).DESs have gradually become the focus of green solvents owing to several advantages,namely,low toxicity,degradability,and low cost.In this critical review,their classification,formation mechanisms,preparation methods,characterization technologies,and special physicochemical properties based on the most recent advancements in research have been systematically described.Subsequently,the major separation and purification applications of DESs in critical metal metallurgy were comprehensively summarized.Finally,future opportunities and challenges of DESs were explored in the current research area.In conclusion,this review provides valuable insights for improving our overall understanding of DESs,and it holds important potential for expanding separation and purification applications in critical metal metallurgy.展开更多
This paper outlines the main context of relevance theory,an inferential approach to pragmatics,which is based on a defi- nition of relevance and two principles of relevance:a Cognitive Principle(that human cognition i...This paper outlines the main context of relevance theory,an inferential approach to pragmatics,which is based on a defi- nition of relevance and two principles of relevance:a Cognitive Principle(that human cognition is geared to the maxi- mization of relevance),and a Communicative Principle(that utterances create expectations of optimal relevance).Defi- nition of relevance and the motivation for these principles will be explained,and criticisms of them will be presented re- spectively in this paper.展开更多
基于GIS的多元信息成矿预测方法可以利用数据信息,圈定不同级别的成矿远景区,已经在航空物探铀矿勘查工作中得到了广泛应用。铀成矿有利信息权重赋值主要采用经验赋值法,存在主观性强、缺乏分析利用数据特征的问题,文章通过引入CRITIC(C...基于GIS的多元信息成矿预测方法可以利用数据信息,圈定不同级别的成矿远景区,已经在航空物探铀矿勘查工作中得到了广泛应用。铀成矿有利信息权重赋值主要采用经验赋值法,存在主观性强、缺乏分析利用数据特征的问题,文章通过引入CRITIC(Criteria Importance Though Intercrieria Correlation)权重法对传统的经验赋值法进行约束,建立了改进经验赋值法,并以二连盆地赛汉高毕地区的铀成矿预测为例,通过预测结果与已知钻孔、矿体等铀矿信息的比较,确定了改进经验赋值法最终圈定的成矿有利区带与客观事实吻合。结果表明,通过CRITIC权重法约束的改进经验赋值法可以同时利用数据本身信息和预测专家的经验,在铀成矿有利信息的权重赋值方面有着更好的效果,圈定的铀成矿有利区带更加准确,值得在其他区域开展进一步应用。展开更多
[目的]探讨改进组合赋权法与多准则妥协解排序法(VIKOR)相结合开展茄芯化学品质评价,以期丰富雪茄烟叶质量评价方法。[方法]以云南茄芯烟叶化学成分为研究对象,引入变异系数和复相关系数改进传统CRITIC法(Criteria importance through i...[目的]探讨改进组合赋权法与多准则妥协解排序法(VIKOR)相结合开展茄芯化学品质评价,以期丰富雪茄烟叶质量评价方法。[方法]以云南茄芯烟叶化学成分为研究对象,引入变异系数和复相关系数改进传统CRITIC法(Criteria importance through inter-criteria correlation),采用e^(0/4)~e^(8/4)标度取代层次分析法(Analytic hierarchy process,AHP)中的1~9标度,并基于博弈论计算组合权重,利用无权重个体遗憾值改进的VIKOR法开展茄芯化学品质评价。[结果]与传统CRITIC法确定的化学成分指标权重相比,改进CRITIC法中钾的权重提升1.09倍,还原糖指标权重降低45.26%;e^(0/4)~e^(8/4)标度与1~9标度AHP法确权结果相比,权重大小排序一致,不同化学成分指标间权重的差异减小;改进VIKOR法与传统方法对茄芯化学品质的排序结果具有较高的一致性,但也存在不可忽略的差异,说明有必要在个体遗憾值中考虑权重的影响。[结论]改进CRITIC法能够解决传统方法确权受计量单位和正负向指标影响的问题,AHP法中通过标度的替代显著提升判断矩阵的一致性,无权重个体遗憾值条件下的VIKOR法在综合考虑化学品质整体表现的同时,突显了表现较差的化学成分指标的作用,评价结果相对合理。展开更多
针对现有碳信息披露质量衡量方式缺乏实用性和指导性的缺陷以及电力企业碳信息披露质量未能有效满足利益相关者决策需求的现实状况,采用组合赋权-TOPSIS(Technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution)模型评价...针对现有碳信息披露质量衡量方式缺乏实用性和指导性的缺陷以及电力企业碳信息披露质量未能有效满足利益相关者决策需求的现实状况,采用组合赋权-TOPSIS(Technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution)模型评价电力企业碳信息披露质量。首先构建了考虑电力行业运营特点的碳信息披露质量评价指标体系;然后分别基于AHP(Analytic hierarchy process)法和CRITIC(Criteria importance though intercriteria correlation)法确定指标主客观权重,并利用最小二乘法平衡主客观权重之间的偏差,实现信息量和价值量的统一,进一步突出了碳信息决策价值导向;最后应用TOPSIS法计算贴近度,对电力企业碳信息披露质量进行评价。评价结果显示电力企业碳信息披露质量整体偏低,火电企业和处于成长期的电力企业碳信息披露质量相对较好。这与电力企业实际碳信息披露情况相符,验证了组合赋权-TOPSIS模型的实用性。展开更多
基金supported in part by National Institutes of Health,Nos.5R01NS113556-05,1R21NS128310-01(to KA).
文摘Roles of oligodendrocyte precursor cells in the central nervous system:Oligodendrocyte precursor cells(OPCs)have long been recognized for their critical role as precursors to oligodendrocytes,the primary myelin-producing cells.As precursors,OPCs mature and differentiate into oligodendrocytes,which contribute significantly to the formation of myelin sheaths around axons.This myelination,which is critical for the conduction of salutatory nerve impulses in the cerebral white matter,underscores the classical role of oligodendrocytes in central nervous system(CNS)functionality.Importantly,because oligodendrocytes are differentiated cells that cannot proliferate.
基金supported by NIH grants(R01NS125074,R01AG083164,and R21NS127177)(to YL).
文摘Adult microglia,by continuously sensing changes in their environment and communicating with nearly all brain cell types,are considered to be the immune sentinels of the brain.In the healthy central nervous system(CNS),microglia display a unique molecular homeostatic signature(i.e.,Tmem119,P2ry12,Sall1,Siglech,Gpr34,and Hexb)(Figure 1A).
基金generously supported by the faculty startup funds from Auburn University at Montgomery (to SSVPS)。
文摘Hypoglycemia-a critical complication linked to worsened brain function in diabetic subjects:Hypoglycemia is characterized by a decline in circulatory glucose levels below sta nda rd physiological thresholds.Mild hypoglycemia,classified as level 1 hypoglycemia,is defined by blood glucose levels below 70 mg/dL and can be effectively addressed through carbohydrate intake.Severe hypoglycemia,denoted by blood glucose levels less than 54 mg/dL,poses a life-threatening risk if left untreated.Individuals with type 1 and type 2 diabetes undergoing insulin treatment are particularly susceptible to hypoglycemia due to impaired counterregulatory mechanisms.
基金financially supported by the Original Exploration Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52150079)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U22A20130,U2004215,and 51974280)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province of China(No.232300421196)the Project of Zhongyuan Critical Metals Laboratory of China(Nos.GJJSGFYQ202304,GJJSGFJQ202306,GJJSGFYQ202323,GJJSGFYQ202308,and GJJSGFYQ202307)。
文摘Solvent extraction,a separation and purification technology,is crucial in critical metal metallurgy.Organic solvents commonly used in solvent extraction exhibit disadvantages,such as high volatility,high toxicity,and flammability,causing a spectrum of hazards to human health and environmental safety.Neoteric solvents have been recognized as potential alternatives to these harmful organic solvents.In the past two decades,several neoteric solvents have been proposed,including ionic liquids(ILs)and deep eutectic solvents(DESs).DESs have gradually become the focus of green solvents owing to several advantages,namely,low toxicity,degradability,and low cost.In this critical review,their classification,formation mechanisms,preparation methods,characterization technologies,and special physicochemical properties based on the most recent advancements in research have been systematically described.Subsequently,the major separation and purification applications of DESs in critical metal metallurgy were comprehensively summarized.Finally,future opportunities and challenges of DESs were explored in the current research area.In conclusion,this review provides valuable insights for improving our overall understanding of DESs,and it holds important potential for expanding separation and purification applications in critical metal metallurgy.
文摘This paper outlines the main context of relevance theory,an inferential approach to pragmatics,which is based on a defi- nition of relevance and two principles of relevance:a Cognitive Principle(that human cognition is geared to the maxi- mization of relevance),and a Communicative Principle(that utterances create expectations of optimal relevance).Defi- nition of relevance and the motivation for these principles will be explained,and criticisms of them will be presented re- spectively in this paper.
文摘基于GIS的多元信息成矿预测方法可以利用数据信息,圈定不同级别的成矿远景区,已经在航空物探铀矿勘查工作中得到了广泛应用。铀成矿有利信息权重赋值主要采用经验赋值法,存在主观性强、缺乏分析利用数据特征的问题,文章通过引入CRITIC(Criteria Importance Though Intercrieria Correlation)权重法对传统的经验赋值法进行约束,建立了改进经验赋值法,并以二连盆地赛汉高毕地区的铀成矿预测为例,通过预测结果与已知钻孔、矿体等铀矿信息的比较,确定了改进经验赋值法最终圈定的成矿有利区带与客观事实吻合。结果表明,通过CRITIC权重法约束的改进经验赋值法可以同时利用数据本身信息和预测专家的经验,在铀成矿有利信息的权重赋值方面有着更好的效果,圈定的铀成矿有利区带更加准确,值得在其他区域开展进一步应用。
文摘针对现有碳信息披露质量衡量方式缺乏实用性和指导性的缺陷以及电力企业碳信息披露质量未能有效满足利益相关者决策需求的现实状况,采用组合赋权-TOPSIS(Technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution)模型评价电力企业碳信息披露质量。首先构建了考虑电力行业运营特点的碳信息披露质量评价指标体系;然后分别基于AHP(Analytic hierarchy process)法和CRITIC(Criteria importance though intercriteria correlation)法确定指标主客观权重,并利用最小二乘法平衡主客观权重之间的偏差,实现信息量和价值量的统一,进一步突出了碳信息决策价值导向;最后应用TOPSIS法计算贴近度,对电力企业碳信息披露质量进行评价。评价结果显示电力企业碳信息披露质量整体偏低,火电企业和处于成长期的电力企业碳信息披露质量相对较好。这与电力企业实际碳信息披露情况相符,验证了组合赋权-TOPSIS模型的实用性。
