[Objective] The aim was to study change tendency of the precipitation resource during growth period of the conventional crops in plain area before Taihang Mountains. [ Method] Based on daily precipitation data at Shij...[Objective] The aim was to study change tendency of the precipitation resource during growth period of the conventional crops in plain area before Taihang Mountains. [ Method] Based on daily precipitation data at Shijiazhuang meteorological station in recent 51 years, average rainfall dudng growth periods of the 9 kinds of conventional crops was obtained. Precipitation tendency dudng growth periods of the 9 kinds of conventional crops in plain area before Taihang Mountains was analyzed by Mann-Kendall nonparametric test. [ Result] Seen from rainfall during growth pedods of the different crops, rainfall was the least during the growth period of winter wheat, followed by summer corn. Rainfall during growth peri- ods of the cotton, oil plant, vegetable, fruit tree, potato, rice and legumes was more. Under different guaranteed rates, precipitation change also had difference. Rainfall change during growth periods of the wheat and corn was bigger, and rainfall change during growth period of the rice was smaller. Change degree of the precipitation during growth periods of the cotton, oil plant, vegetable, fruit tree and legumes was equivalent, while precipitation change during growth period of the potato was the biggest. Seen from change tendency of the precipitation during growth periods of the different crops, precipitation in the growth period of winter wheat was increasing at a speed of 0.62 mm/a. However, precipitation in growth periods of the other crops had a decreasing tendency. Precipitation in the growth periods of summer corn and legumes decreased at the same speed which was 2.11 mm/a, while precipitation in growth periods of the cotton, oil plant, vegetable, fruit tree, potato and rice decreased insignificantly. [ Con dusion] The study laid foundation for determination of the agricultural irrigation water and provided theoretical reference for regional agricultural water-saving.展开更多
[ Objective] The aim was to study the available precipitation and its abnormal characteristics during the growth period of crops in the mid- dle and southern part of Ningxia. [ Methed] Through Takahashi＇s evaporation...[ Objective] The aim was to study the available precipitation and its abnormal characteristics during the growth period of crops in the mid- dle and southern part of Ningxia. [ Methed] Through Takahashi＇s evaporation equation, linear trend analysis, Mann -Kendall, Lepage, wavelet analysis, the characteristics of available precipitation and its abnormal characteristics during its growth period in Ningxia were analyzed based on monthly precipitation （March- September）, temperature, and NCAR/NCEP reanalysis data in 9 observation stations from 1961 to 2010. E Result l In recent 50 years, the available precipitation during the growth period of crops in central drought area and south hilly area varied a lot, more in the south and less in the north. The available precipitation in these two areas was reducing and varied a lot in different ages. The available precipitation was less in the middle drought region after 1970s and in the southern hilly region after 1990s and the available precipitation in middle drought area changed significantly. The available precipitation in the two areas appeared in July, August, and September, above 76% of general growth period, while that in March, April and May was 14% lower than that in growth period. No abrupt changes in central drought area and south hilly area. There were the periods of 5 -7 a and 2 -3 a oscillations in the middle drought region, 2 -3 a and 10 -12 a oscillations in the southern hilly region. There were negative anomaly field at 500hPa height in high-precipitation years between the Baikal and the China＇s northwestern, and there were positive anomaly field in low-precipitation years. [ Cenclusion] The study provided reference for the reasonable utilization of available water resources in cen- tral and south Ningxia.展开更多
作物生殖生长期长度与作物产量和品质密切相关。为深入探究作物生殖生长期长度(reproductive growth period lengths,RGLs)对气候变化和技术进步的响应,基于1981—2010年长江中下游地区单季稻生殖生长期和气象数据,量化不同RGLs (孕穗...作物生殖生长期长度与作物产量和品质密切相关。为深入探究作物生殖生长期长度(reproductive growth period lengths,RGLs)对气候变化和技术进步的响应,基于1981—2010年长江中下游地区单季稻生殖生长期和气象数据,量化不同RGLs (孕穗期—抽穗期(booting to heading,BDHD)、抽穗期—乳熟期(heading to milking,HDMS)、乳熟期—成熟期(milking to maturity,MSMD)和孕穗期—成熟期(booting to maturity,BDMD))对平均温度(mean temperature,TEM)、累积降水量(cumulative precipitation,PRE)和累积日照时数(cumulative sunshine duration,SSD)的敏感性,并分离气候变化和技术进步对不同RGLs的影响。结果表明,1981—2010年长江中下游地区单季稻BDMD呈延长趋势(0.24d a^(–1)),其中,HDMS延长趋势最明显(0.16 d a^(–1))。气候因子中高温和寡照不利于单季稻不同RGLs延长,其中,TEM对BDHD、HDMS和MSMD变化趋势的平均相对贡献分别为–50.0%、–50.7%和–21.9%,SSD对BDHD、HDMS和MSMD变化趋势的平均相对贡献分别为–47.2%、–48.7%和–67.6%。技术进步弥补了气候变化对不同RGLs变化趋势的不利影响。研究表明,技术进步可能是当前单季稻稳产高产和趋利避害的主要手段,未来可以采用较长生殖生长期和耐热性品种来适应持续的气候变化。展开更多
【目的】分析1971-2014年黑龙江省作物生长期基于最低气温的低温指数(cold day index,CDI)演变及对作物产量的影响,为揭示作物生长期低温冷害机理、甄别关键致灾因子等提供技术支撑。【方法】利用黑龙江省80个气象观测站1971-2014年气...【目的】分析1971-2014年黑龙江省作物生长期基于最低气温的低温指数(cold day index,CDI)演变及对作物产量的影响,为揭示作物生长期低温冷害机理、甄别关键致灾因子等提供技术支撑。【方法】利用黑龙江省80个气象观测站1971-2014年气象资料和38个农业气象观测站玉米和水稻单产资料,参考已有研究成果和公认的农业气象指标,构建作物生长期内(05-21-09-30)CDI的计算方法,采用数理统计法研究CDI的变化趋势和周期变化,并分析其与作物产量的相关关系。【结果】(1)1971-2014年,作物生长期内研究区平均CDI呈明显下降趋势,下降速度为1.5d/10年。20世纪70年代为低温事件高发期,80-90年代相对稳定,21世纪以来平原区CDI持续减少,而山区无变化或呈回升趋势。(2)研究期内,研究区CDI的空间分布呈北多南少、山区多平原少的趋势,CDI由北向南、由山区向平原逐渐下降。CDI的气候变率在不同区域存在差异,呈现西高东低特征。(3)在作物生长期内,研究区89%站点的CDI与玉米、水稻单产具有显著或极显著的负相关关系,表明低温对作物产量的影响为负效应。不同区域CDI引起作物产量的下降幅度不同,CDI每增加1d,产量下降92.9~695.5kg/hm2。【结论】CDI对作物生长和产量形成具有显著负效应,其对松嫩平原东部、三江平原和牡丹江半山区玉米、水稻影响较大,且对水稻产量的影响重于玉米。展开更多
基金Supported by National Science and Technology Support Plan Item, China ( 2007BAD69B09)Soft Science Research Plan Project in Hebei Province,China (10457204D-30,114572124)
文摘[Objective] The aim was to study change tendency of the precipitation resource during growth period of the conventional crops in plain area before Taihang Mountains. [ Method] Based on daily precipitation data at Shijiazhuang meteorological station in recent 51 years, average rainfall dudng growth periods of the 9 kinds of conventional crops was obtained. Precipitation tendency dudng growth periods of the 9 kinds of conventional crops in plain area before Taihang Mountains was analyzed by Mann-Kendall nonparametric test. [ Result] Seen from rainfall during growth pedods of the different crops, rainfall was the least during the growth period of winter wheat, followed by summer corn. Rainfall during growth peri- ods of the cotton, oil plant, vegetable, fruit tree, potato, rice and legumes was more. Under different guaranteed rates, precipitation change also had difference. Rainfall change during growth periods of the wheat and corn was bigger, and rainfall change during growth period of the rice was smaller. Change degree of the precipitation during growth periods of the cotton, oil plant, vegetable, fruit tree and legumes was equivalent, while precipitation change during growth period of the potato was the biggest. Seen from change tendency of the precipitation during growth periods of the different crops, precipitation in the growth period of winter wheat was increasing at a speed of 0.62 mm/a. However, precipitation in growth periods of the other crops had a decreasing tendency. Precipitation in the growth periods of summer corn and legumes decreased at the same speed which was 2.11 mm/a, while precipitation in growth periods of the cotton, oil plant, vegetable, fruit tree, potato and rice decreased insignificantly. [ Con dusion] The study laid foundation for determination of the agricultural irrigation water and provided theoretical reference for regional agricultural water-saving.
基金Supported by National Natural Foundation Program (40965008 ) Special Foundation of Meteorology in China Meteorological Administration (CCSF2011-26)
文摘[ Objective] The aim was to study the available precipitation and its abnormal characteristics during the growth period of crops in the mid- dle and southern part of Ningxia. [ Methed] Through Takahashi＇s evaporation equation, linear trend analysis, Mann -Kendall, Lepage, wavelet analysis, the characteristics of available precipitation and its abnormal characteristics during its growth period in Ningxia were analyzed based on monthly precipitation （March- September）, temperature, and NCAR/NCEP reanalysis data in 9 observation stations from 1961 to 2010. E Result l In recent 50 years, the available precipitation during the growth period of crops in central drought area and south hilly area varied a lot, more in the south and less in the north. The available precipitation in these two areas was reducing and varied a lot in different ages. The available precipitation was less in the middle drought region after 1970s and in the southern hilly region after 1990s and the available precipitation in middle drought area changed significantly. The available precipitation in the two areas appeared in July, August, and September, above 76% of general growth period, while that in March, April and May was 14% lower than that in growth period. No abrupt changes in central drought area and south hilly area. There were the periods of 5 -7 a and 2 -3 a oscillations in the middle drought region, 2 -3 a and 10 -12 a oscillations in the southern hilly region. There were negative anomaly field at 500hPa height in high-precipitation years between the Baikal and the China＇s northwestern, and there were positive anomaly field in low-precipitation years. [ Cenclusion] The study provided reference for the reasonable utilization of available water resources in cen- tral and south Ningxia.
文摘作物生殖生长期长度与作物产量和品质密切相关。为深入探究作物生殖生长期长度(reproductive growth period lengths,RGLs)对气候变化和技术进步的响应,基于1981—2010年长江中下游地区单季稻生殖生长期和气象数据,量化不同RGLs (孕穗期—抽穗期(booting to heading,BDHD)、抽穗期—乳熟期(heading to milking,HDMS)、乳熟期—成熟期(milking to maturity,MSMD)和孕穗期—成熟期(booting to maturity,BDMD))对平均温度(mean temperature,TEM)、累积降水量(cumulative precipitation,PRE)和累积日照时数(cumulative sunshine duration,SSD)的敏感性,并分离气候变化和技术进步对不同RGLs的影响。结果表明,1981—2010年长江中下游地区单季稻BDMD呈延长趋势(0.24d a^(–1)),其中,HDMS延长趋势最明显(0.16 d a^(–1))。气候因子中高温和寡照不利于单季稻不同RGLs延长,其中,TEM对BDHD、HDMS和MSMD变化趋势的平均相对贡献分别为–50.0%、–50.7%和–21.9%,SSD对BDHD、HDMS和MSMD变化趋势的平均相对贡献分别为–47.2%、–48.7%和–67.6%。技术进步弥补了气候变化对不同RGLs变化趋势的不利影响。研究表明,技术进步可能是当前单季稻稳产高产和趋利避害的主要手段,未来可以采用较长生殖生长期和耐热性品种来适应持续的气候变化。
文摘【目的】分析1971-2014年黑龙江省作物生长期基于最低气温的低温指数(cold day index,CDI)演变及对作物产量的影响,为揭示作物生长期低温冷害机理、甄别关键致灾因子等提供技术支撑。【方法】利用黑龙江省80个气象观测站1971-2014年气象资料和38个农业气象观测站玉米和水稻单产资料,参考已有研究成果和公认的农业气象指标,构建作物生长期内(05-21-09-30)CDI的计算方法,采用数理统计法研究CDI的变化趋势和周期变化,并分析其与作物产量的相关关系。【结果】(1)1971-2014年,作物生长期内研究区平均CDI呈明显下降趋势,下降速度为1.5d/10年。20世纪70年代为低温事件高发期,80-90年代相对稳定,21世纪以来平原区CDI持续减少,而山区无变化或呈回升趋势。(2)研究期内,研究区CDI的空间分布呈北多南少、山区多平原少的趋势,CDI由北向南、由山区向平原逐渐下降。CDI的气候变率在不同区域存在差异,呈现西高东低特征。(3)在作物生长期内,研究区89%站点的CDI与玉米、水稻单产具有显著或极显著的负相关关系,表明低温对作物产量的影响为负效应。不同区域CDI引起作物产量的下降幅度不同,CDI每增加1d,产量下降92.9~695.5kg/hm2。【结论】CDI对作物生长和产量形成具有显著负效应,其对松嫩平原东部、三江平原和牡丹江半山区玉米、水稻影响较大,且对水稻产量的影响重于玉米。
