The aim of this study was to assess the crop water demand and deficit of spring highland barley and discuss suitable irrigation systems for different regions in Tibet, China. Long-term trends in reference crop evapotr...The aim of this study was to assess the crop water demand and deficit of spring highland barley and discuss suitable irrigation systems for different regions in Tibet, China. Long-term trends in reference crop evapotranspiration and crop water demand were analyzed in different regions, together with crop water demand and deficit of spring highland barley under different precipitation frequencies. Results showed that precipitation trends during growth stages did not benefit the growth of spring highland barley. The crop coefficient of spring highland barley in Tibet was 0.87 and crop water demand was 389.0 ram. In general, a water deficit was found in Tibet, because precipitation was lower than water consumption of spring highland barley. The most severe water deficit were in the jointing to heading stage and the heading to wax ripeness stage, which are the most important growth stages for spring highland barley; water deficit in these two stages would be harmful to the yield. Water deficit showed different characteristics in different regions. In conclusion, irrigation systems may be more successful if based on an analysis of water deficit within different growth stages and in different regions.展开更多
The definition and classification of field evapotranspiration was discussed, based on which the calculation model for field evapotranspiration was established. Based on crop, soil measurements and mean climatic data i...The definition and classification of field evapotranspiration was discussed, based on which the calculation model for field evapotranspiration was established. Based on crop, soil measurements and mean climatic data in 1950-1980, mean field water surplus or deficit on climatic, crop and cropland basis in dryland of northern China was calculated, and the pattern of field water surplus or deficit was analyzed and discussed in this paper.展开更多
Based on the observed soil water data from experimental site located in southeast of Shanxi Province, the physical characteristics of soil water, crop effect on soil moisture, and the field water circulation pattern w...Based on the observed soil water data from experimental site located in southeast of Shanxi Province, the physical characteristics of soil water, crop effect on soil moisture, and the field water circulation pattern were studied by using the water balance method. The results suggested that soil water deficit often exists in fields of these areas. From May to June, the amount of water deficit in bare land rises to the maximum (232 8 mm) and falls to the minimum (66 6 mm) from August to September. By comparison, because of crop transpiration, both soil water deficit and dry soil layer in cultivated land are 15 1—40 4 mm more and 20—70 mm deeper respectively than those of bare land. Crops mainly planted in these areas have a relatively weak utilization ability to soil water. Winter wheat has the highest utilization ability to soil water among the crops planted in these areas. The soil water utilization ability of winter wheat is 26 2%—30 6% and winter wheat can use soil water that lies in soil layer below a depth of over 200 cm. Spring corn and millet can only consume soil water with the maximum ability of 13 4% and the deepest layer of 0—50 cm or 0—100cm, which shows that the soil water utilization ability of winter wheat is higher than that of spring crops. After crop is ripe, more than 41% of available soil water remains unused in field. So, increasing soil water storage and improving crop utilization ability to soil water by adopting efficient agrotechnique measures are the main ways for improving agricultural productivity in dry farming areas of Northern China.展开更多
【目的】干旱是影响中国农业生产的主要自然灾害之一。东北地区作为中国最大的玉米生产基地,气候变化背景下干旱频发重发严重影响玉米的高产稳产。评估未来气候情景下东北地区春玉米干旱发生风险及其空间格局变化,为该地区春玉米防旱避...【目的】干旱是影响中国农业生产的主要自然灾害之一。东北地区作为中国最大的玉米生产基地,气候变化背景下干旱频发重发严重影响玉米的高产稳产。评估未来气候情景下东北地区春玉米干旱发生风险及其空间格局变化,为该地区春玉米防旱避灾以及保障其高产稳产提供科学依据。【方法】选取东北地区春玉米潜在种植区为研究区域,基于ISIMIP输出的SSP1-2.6、SSP3-7.0和SSP5-8.53种气候情景的1981—2060年逐日气象资料以及53个农业气象观测站1981—2014年春玉米生育期资料,选取作物水分亏缺指数(crop water deficit index,CWDI)为农业干旱指标,分析东北地区春玉米不同生育时期不同等级干旱时空分布特征,选择最优概率理论分布函数进行干旱指数序列的概率估算,基于信息扩散理论估算得到各点春玉米不同等级干旱风险,构建干旱风险指数,评估未来不同气候情景下东北地区春玉米干旱发生风险及未来各等级风险区的空间格局变化。【结果】(1)1981—2014年东北地区春玉米全生育期干旱指数总体呈西南高东北低的特征,表现为内蒙古东四盟(57.3%)>黑龙江省(40.6%)>辽宁省(39.5%)>吉林省(38.9%)。(2)研究区域春玉米生育中期干旱指数整体高于生育前期和生育后期。其中,2030s和2050s研究区域春玉米生育前期干旱风险概率为轻旱>中旱≈重旱>特旱,生育中期干旱风险概率为特旱>重旱>轻旱≈中旱,生育后期干旱风险概率轻旱>中旱>重旱>特旱。(3)1981—2060年,SSP1-2.6低排放情景下,东北地区春玉米较高等级干旱风险发生概率将减少,极高和较高干旱风险区明显向西南收缩,2030s和2050s面积占比分别减少5.4%和9.6%、0.8%和2.5%;而SSP3-7.0和SSP5-8.5两个高排放情景下,较高等级干旱风险发生概率增加,且较高干旱风险区向东北扩张,2050s面积占比分别增加8.5%和9.7%。【结论】基于干旱风险指数的未来干旱风险时空分布格局中,东北春玉米干旱风险呈现由西南向东北减少的特征,且未来SSP3-7.0和SSP5-8.5情景下,较高干旱风险区向东北方向扩张,需关注作物关键生育时期提出针对性的防御措施。展开更多
【目的】探究马铃薯的叶气温差与环境因子的关系,进一步优化马铃薯水分胁迫指数模型。【方法】在河南农业大学林学院试验基地进行马铃薯盆栽试验,选择晴朗天气测定不同土壤含水率下马铃薯的叶气温差随太阳辐射和大气饱和水汽压差(VPD)...【目的】探究马铃薯的叶气温差与环境因子的关系,进一步优化马铃薯水分胁迫指数模型。【方法】在河南农业大学林学院试验基地进行马铃薯盆栽试验,选择晴朗天气测定不同土壤含水率下马铃薯的叶气温差随太阳辐射和大气饱和水汽压差(VPD)的变化规律,确定作物水分胁迫指数(crop water stress index,CWSI)的上下基线,进一步试验后得到优化后的马铃薯CWSI经验模型,并对相关模型进行验证。【结果】马铃薯的叶气温差随着土壤含水率的降低而升高;当土壤含水率较低(7.28%)时,马铃薯的叶气温差随太阳辐射的增大而增大,呈显著线性关系;当土壤含水率较高(15.85%)时,马铃薯的叶气温差随VPD的增大而减小,呈显著线性关系;构建出马铃薯CWSI的上基线为y=0.0098Q-0.68[Q为太阳辐射强度/(W·m^(-2))],下基线为y=-1.67V+3.75(V为大气饱和水汽压差/kPa);将优化的CWSI模型验证后得知,随着土壤含水率的减少,CWSI值增加,且CWSI同土壤含水量呈极显著负相关关系(p<0.01)。【结论】马铃薯的最大叶气温差与太阳辐射的线性关系作为马铃薯水分胁迫指数的上基线是可行的,该研究对传统CWSI经验模型进行改进,进一步优化了CWSI经验模型。展开更多
基金supported by the Innovation Program of Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (201003013)the National Basic Research Program of China(2010CB951702)
文摘The aim of this study was to assess the crop water demand and deficit of spring highland barley and discuss suitable irrigation systems for different regions in Tibet, China. Long-term trends in reference crop evapotranspiration and crop water demand were analyzed in different regions, together with crop water demand and deficit of spring highland barley under different precipitation frequencies. Results showed that precipitation trends during growth stages did not benefit the growth of spring highland barley. The crop coefficient of spring highland barley in Tibet was 0.87 and crop water demand was 389.0 ram. In general, a water deficit was found in Tibet, because precipitation was lower than water consumption of spring highland barley. The most severe water deficit were in the jointing to heading stage and the heading to wax ripeness stage, which are the most important growth stages for spring highland barley; water deficit in these two stages would be harmful to the yield. Water deficit showed different characteristics in different regions. In conclusion, irrigation systems may be more successful if based on an analysis of water deficit within different growth stages and in different regions.
基金The national key research project: Field water balance and its regulation techniques, water potential productivity and its prope
文摘The definition and classification of field evapotranspiration was discussed, based on which the calculation model for field evapotranspiration was established. Based on crop, soil measurements and mean climatic data in 1950-1980, mean field water surplus or deficit on climatic, crop and cropland basis in dryland of northern China was calculated, and the pattern of field water surplus or deficit was analyzed and discussed in this paper.
文摘Based on the observed soil water data from experimental site located in southeast of Shanxi Province, the physical characteristics of soil water, crop effect on soil moisture, and the field water circulation pattern were studied by using the water balance method. The results suggested that soil water deficit often exists in fields of these areas. From May to June, the amount of water deficit in bare land rises to the maximum (232 8 mm) and falls to the minimum (66 6 mm) from August to September. By comparison, because of crop transpiration, both soil water deficit and dry soil layer in cultivated land are 15 1—40 4 mm more and 20—70 mm deeper respectively than those of bare land. Crops mainly planted in these areas have a relatively weak utilization ability to soil water. Winter wheat has the highest utilization ability to soil water among the crops planted in these areas. The soil water utilization ability of winter wheat is 26 2%—30 6% and winter wheat can use soil water that lies in soil layer below a depth of over 200 cm. Spring corn and millet can only consume soil water with the maximum ability of 13 4% and the deepest layer of 0—50 cm or 0—100cm, which shows that the soil water utilization ability of winter wheat is higher than that of spring crops. After crop is ripe, more than 41% of available soil water remains unused in field. So, increasing soil water storage and improving crop utilization ability to soil water by adopting efficient agrotechnique measures are the main ways for improving agricultural productivity in dry farming areas of Northern China.
文摘【目的】干旱是影响中国农业生产的主要自然灾害之一。东北地区作为中国最大的玉米生产基地,气候变化背景下干旱频发重发严重影响玉米的高产稳产。评估未来气候情景下东北地区春玉米干旱发生风险及其空间格局变化,为该地区春玉米防旱避灾以及保障其高产稳产提供科学依据。【方法】选取东北地区春玉米潜在种植区为研究区域,基于ISIMIP输出的SSP1-2.6、SSP3-7.0和SSP5-8.53种气候情景的1981—2060年逐日气象资料以及53个农业气象观测站1981—2014年春玉米生育期资料,选取作物水分亏缺指数(crop water deficit index,CWDI)为农业干旱指标,分析东北地区春玉米不同生育时期不同等级干旱时空分布特征,选择最优概率理论分布函数进行干旱指数序列的概率估算,基于信息扩散理论估算得到各点春玉米不同等级干旱风险,构建干旱风险指数,评估未来不同气候情景下东北地区春玉米干旱发生风险及未来各等级风险区的空间格局变化。【结果】(1)1981—2014年东北地区春玉米全生育期干旱指数总体呈西南高东北低的特征,表现为内蒙古东四盟(57.3%)>黑龙江省(40.6%)>辽宁省(39.5%)>吉林省(38.9%)。(2)研究区域春玉米生育中期干旱指数整体高于生育前期和生育后期。其中,2030s和2050s研究区域春玉米生育前期干旱风险概率为轻旱>中旱≈重旱>特旱,生育中期干旱风险概率为特旱>重旱>轻旱≈中旱,生育后期干旱风险概率轻旱>中旱>重旱>特旱。(3)1981—2060年,SSP1-2.6低排放情景下,东北地区春玉米较高等级干旱风险发生概率将减少,极高和较高干旱风险区明显向西南收缩,2030s和2050s面积占比分别减少5.4%和9.6%、0.8%和2.5%;而SSP3-7.0和SSP5-8.5两个高排放情景下,较高等级干旱风险发生概率增加,且较高干旱风险区向东北扩张,2050s面积占比分别增加8.5%和9.7%。【结论】基于干旱风险指数的未来干旱风险时空分布格局中,东北春玉米干旱风险呈现由西南向东北减少的特征,且未来SSP3-7.0和SSP5-8.5情景下,较高干旱风险区向东北方向扩张,需关注作物关键生育时期提出针对性的防御措施。
文摘【目的】探究马铃薯的叶气温差与环境因子的关系,进一步优化马铃薯水分胁迫指数模型。【方法】在河南农业大学林学院试验基地进行马铃薯盆栽试验,选择晴朗天气测定不同土壤含水率下马铃薯的叶气温差随太阳辐射和大气饱和水汽压差(VPD)的变化规律,确定作物水分胁迫指数(crop water stress index,CWSI)的上下基线,进一步试验后得到优化后的马铃薯CWSI经验模型,并对相关模型进行验证。【结果】马铃薯的叶气温差随着土壤含水率的降低而升高;当土壤含水率较低(7.28%)时,马铃薯的叶气温差随太阳辐射的增大而增大,呈显著线性关系;当土壤含水率较高(15.85%)时,马铃薯的叶气温差随VPD的增大而减小,呈显著线性关系;构建出马铃薯CWSI的上基线为y=0.0098Q-0.68[Q为太阳辐射强度/(W·m^(-2))],下基线为y=-1.67V+3.75(V为大气饱和水汽压差/kPa);将优化的CWSI模型验证后得知,随着土壤含水率的减少,CWSI值增加,且CWSI同土壤含水量呈极显著负相关关系(p<0.01)。【结论】马铃薯的最大叶气温差与太阳辐射的线性关系作为马铃薯水分胁迫指数的上基线是可行的,该研究对传统CWSI经验模型进行改进,进一步优化了CWSI经验模型。
