基于黑龙江省62个气象台站1961-2019年逐日气象资料,利用联合国粮农组织(FAO)推荐的方法计算大豆需水量,应用美国农业部土壤保持局推荐的方法计算有效降水,采用M-K检验、GIS反距离加权插值等方法分析黑龙江省大豆各生育阶段水分盈亏指...基于黑龙江省62个气象台站1961-2019年逐日气象资料,利用联合国粮农组织(FAO)推荐的方法计算大豆需水量,应用美国农业部土壤保持局推荐的方法计算有效降水,采用M-K检验、GIS反距离加权插值等方法分析黑龙江省大豆各生育阶段水分盈亏指数及干旱与洪涝演变特征。结果表明:黑龙江省大豆生长季内有效降水在开花以前主要呈增加趋势,开花及以后主要呈减少趋势;大豆需水量在第三真叶期以前主要呈增加趋势,第三真叶期及以后呈减少趋势,结荚-鼓粒期和鼓粒-成熟期减少趋势最为显著。大豆生长季内水分盈亏指数(Crop water surplus deficit index,CWSDI)中部偏东地区和最北部地区最高,东部高于西部;开花-结荚期和结荚-鼓粒期CWSDI最低,鼓粒-成熟期最高。洪涝多发于偏北部地区,东部多于西部,出苗-第三真叶期洪涝发生站次最多。干旱发生频次高于洪涝,西部或西南部干旱发生频率高于东部,中部和北部最低,干旱多发生于开花-鼓粒期。展开更多
The crop water stress index(CWSI)is a complex instrument to effectively monitor the degree of water stress of crops and provides guidance for timely irrigation.In an experiment utilizing the CWSI with off-season green...The crop water stress index(CWSI)is a complex instrument to effectively monitor the degree of water stress of crops and provides guidance for timely irrigation.In an experiment utilizing the CWSI with off-season green peppers planted in barrels in a greenhouse in Liaoning Province,Northeast China,this study monitors the sub-indexes--such as canopy temperature,environmental factors and yield--determines the changing law of each constituent,achieves an empirical model as well as a baseline formula for the canopy temperature of the peppers with a sufficient water supply,and verifies the rationality of the formula with corresponding experimental data.The results obtained by using the CWSI show that the optimal time to determine the water deficit for off-season green peppers is at noon,by measuring the diurnal variation in the peppers with different water supplies.There is a nonlinear relationship between the yield and the average CWSI at the prime fruit-bearing period;moreover,the optimal time to supply water for off-season green peppers comes when the average water stress index ranges between 0.2 and 0.4 during the prime fruiting stage,thereby ensuring a high yield.展开更多
文摘基于黑龙江省62个气象台站1961-2019年逐日气象资料,利用联合国粮农组织(FAO)推荐的方法计算大豆需水量,应用美国农业部土壤保持局推荐的方法计算有效降水,采用M-K检验、GIS反距离加权插值等方法分析黑龙江省大豆各生育阶段水分盈亏指数及干旱与洪涝演变特征。结果表明:黑龙江省大豆生长季内有效降水在开花以前主要呈增加趋势,开花及以后主要呈减少趋势;大豆需水量在第三真叶期以前主要呈增加趋势,第三真叶期及以后呈减少趋势,结荚-鼓粒期和鼓粒-成熟期减少趋势最为显著。大豆生长季内水分盈亏指数(Crop water surplus deficit index,CWSDI)中部偏东地区和最北部地区最高,东部高于西部;开花-结荚期和结荚-鼓粒期CWSDI最低,鼓粒-成熟期最高。洪涝多发于偏北部地区,东部多于西部,出苗-第三真叶期洪涝发生站次最多。干旱发生频次高于洪涝,西部或西南部干旱发生频率高于东部,中部和北部最低,干旱多发生于开花-鼓粒期。
基金The authors express appreciation for the financial support granted by the Education Department of Liaoning Province,China(Project No.L2012239)and the Ministry of Agriculture,China(Project No.201303125)We also thank Dr.Wang Yingkuan for his valuable suggestions for improving this paper and Dr.Cheryl Rutledge(Florida,USA)for her English editorial assistance.
文摘The crop water stress index(CWSI)is a complex instrument to effectively monitor the degree of water stress of crops and provides guidance for timely irrigation.In an experiment utilizing the CWSI with off-season green peppers planted in barrels in a greenhouse in Liaoning Province,Northeast China,this study monitors the sub-indexes--such as canopy temperature,environmental factors and yield--determines the changing law of each constituent,achieves an empirical model as well as a baseline formula for the canopy temperature of the peppers with a sufficient water supply,and verifies the rationality of the formula with corresponding experimental data.The results obtained by using the CWSI show that the optimal time to determine the water deficit for off-season green peppers is at noon,by measuring the diurnal variation in the peppers with different water supplies.There is a nonlinear relationship between the yield and the average CWSI at the prime fruit-bearing period;moreover,the optimal time to supply water for off-season green peppers comes when the average water stress index ranges between 0.2 and 0.4 during the prime fruiting stage,thereby ensuring a high yield.