Plant diseases caused by diverse pathogens lead to a serious reduction in crop yield and threaten food security worldwide.Genetic improvement of plant immunity is considered as the most effective and sustainable appro...Plant diseases caused by diverse pathogens lead to a serious reduction in crop yield and threaten food security worldwide.Genetic improvement of plant immunity is considered as the most effective and sustainable approach to control crop diseases.In the last decade,our understanding of plant immunity at both molecular and genomic levels has improved greatly.Combined with advances in biotechnologies,particularly clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat(CRISPR)/Cas9-based genome editing,we can now rapidly identify new resistance genes and engineer disease-resistance crop plants like never before.In this review,we summarize the current knowledge of plant immunity and outline existing and new strategies for disease resistance improvement in crop plants.We also discuss existing challenges in this field and suggest directions for future studies.展开更多
随着基因组学、基因组编辑技术的迅速发展以及显微注射技术、体细胞克隆技术的广泛应用,一套新型的育种策略和方法已经逐渐形成。这一套新型育种策略和方法可以称为分子编写育种(breeding by molecular writing,BMW)。该方法可以高效创...随着基因组学、基因组编辑技术的迅速发展以及显微注射技术、体细胞克隆技术的广泛应用,一套新型的育种策略和方法已经逐渐形成。这一套新型育种策略和方法可以称为分子编写育种(breeding by molecular writing,BMW)。该方法可以高效创制新的遗传标记并对其进行快速验证,也可以对基因组进行精确到分子水平的编写并定向培养新品种,不仅能打破生殖隔离,跨物种的引入新的性状,更可以对物种内个体间基因组进行精确到单个碱基的插入、删除和替换。如外源基因的精确整合,内源基因的精确删除、替换,SNP位点的复制、删除或替换等。该技术的优点是:可以在极大的降低非预期效应的同时,快速高效的将多种有益性状聚合到同一品种内。分子编写可进行以下四方面工作:(1)新型育种标记的创制及验证;(2)跨物种分子编写;(3)基因组中碱基序列的删除;(4)物种内分子编写。该育种技术可以不通过有性杂交,只引入一个或几个目标基因或SNP,快速获得目标性状突出的遗传稳定新种质,然后结合常规育种方法育成新品种。该方法将实现真正的个体和群体水平的基因(或分子)杂交育种,获得分子杂种优势,能够高效的解决长久以来困扰育种工作的诸多难题,大大提高育种效率,尤其在畜禽育种中具有重要应用前景,将会是未来育种的发展方向。文章详细论述了分子编写育种技术的基本概念、研究手段、研究内容、研究现状并展望了该技术的应用前景,为动物育种、畜禽繁殖等领域的研究及从业人员提供了参考。展开更多
近10多年来,我国建立发展了外源 DNA 直接导入的作物育种新途径。本文根据大最的实验结果,研究论文和有关资料,对这项育种新途径进行了概括评述,扼要介绍了这项育种额途径的研究对象和历史;系统综述了这项育种新途径的研究进展。包括应...近10多年来,我国建立发展了外源 DNA 直接导入的作物育种新途径。本文根据大最的实验结果,研究论文和有关资料,对这项育种新途径进行了概括评述,扼要介绍了这项育种额途径的研究对象和历史;系统综述了这项育种新途径的研究进展。包括应用范围、导人技术、遗传变异以及新品种选育等;并对这项育种新途径有关概念、理论和技术等方面的问题作了初步讨论。展开更多
基金supported by grants from National Key R&D Program of China (2021YFA1300701) (to J.-M.Z.)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31825022 and 32121003) (to X.W.C.)+2 种基金the Hainan Excellent Talent Team (to J.-M.Z.)the State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics (SKLPG2016B-2) (to J.-M.Z.)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32072407) (to X.B.Z.)
文摘Plant diseases caused by diverse pathogens lead to a serious reduction in crop yield and threaten food security worldwide.Genetic improvement of plant immunity is considered as the most effective and sustainable approach to control crop diseases.In the last decade,our understanding of plant immunity at both molecular and genomic levels has improved greatly.Combined with advances in biotechnologies,particularly clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat(CRISPR)/Cas9-based genome editing,we can now rapidly identify new resistance genes and engineer disease-resistance crop plants like never before.In this review,we summarize the current knowledge of plant immunity and outline existing and new strategies for disease resistance improvement in crop plants.We also discuss existing challenges in this field and suggest directions for future studies.
文摘随着基因组学、基因组编辑技术的迅速发展以及显微注射技术、体细胞克隆技术的广泛应用,一套新型的育种策略和方法已经逐渐形成。这一套新型育种策略和方法可以称为分子编写育种(breeding by molecular writing,BMW)。该方法可以高效创制新的遗传标记并对其进行快速验证,也可以对基因组进行精确到分子水平的编写并定向培养新品种,不仅能打破生殖隔离,跨物种的引入新的性状,更可以对物种内个体间基因组进行精确到单个碱基的插入、删除和替换。如外源基因的精确整合,内源基因的精确删除、替换,SNP位点的复制、删除或替换等。该技术的优点是:可以在极大的降低非预期效应的同时,快速高效的将多种有益性状聚合到同一品种内。分子编写可进行以下四方面工作:(1)新型育种标记的创制及验证;(2)跨物种分子编写;(3)基因组中碱基序列的删除;(4)物种内分子编写。该育种技术可以不通过有性杂交,只引入一个或几个目标基因或SNP,快速获得目标性状突出的遗传稳定新种质,然后结合常规育种方法育成新品种。该方法将实现真正的个体和群体水平的基因(或分子)杂交育种,获得分子杂种优势,能够高效的解决长久以来困扰育种工作的诸多难题,大大提高育种效率,尤其在畜禽育种中具有重要应用前景,将会是未来育种的发展方向。文章详细论述了分子编写育种技术的基本概念、研究手段、研究内容、研究现状并展望了该技术的应用前景,为动物育种、畜禽繁殖等领域的研究及从业人员提供了参考。
文摘近10多年来,我国建立发展了外源 DNA 直接导入的作物育种新途径。本文根据大最的实验结果,研究论文和有关资料,对这项育种新途径进行了概括评述,扼要介绍了这项育种额途径的研究对象和历史;系统综述了这项育种新途径的研究进展。包括应用范围、导人技术、遗传变异以及新品种选育等;并对这项育种新途径有关概念、理论和技术等方面的问题作了初步讨论。
