Several Cotton Rotation and Intercropping Systems in Cotton Planting Area of Eastern Henan Province

In recent years,the area dedicated to cotton cultivation in eastern Henan Province has experienced a continuous decline.Developing efficient multi-cropping systems for cotton and increasing the multiple cropping index represent effective strategies to stabilize the cotton planting area and enhance the income of cotton farmers.This paper presents an overview of intercropping systems and the benefits associated with cotton rotation and intercropping practices.Specifically,it discusses the"early maturing cotton-wheat"rotation system,the"cotton-watermelon"intercropping system,the"cotton-Dutch bean"intercropping system,and the"early maturing cotton-peanut-garlic"intercropping system.

Nitrogen application and intercropping change microbial community diversity and physicochemical characteristics in mulberry and alfalfa rhizosphere soil

Intercropping of mulberry(Morus alba L.)and alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.)is a new forestry-grass compound model in China,which can provide high forage yields with high protein.Nitrogen application is one of the important factors determining the production and quality of this system.To elucidate the advantages of intercropping and nitrogen application,we analyzed the changes of physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,and microbial communities in the rhizosphere soil.We used principal components analysis(PCA)and redundancy discriminators analysis to clarify the relationships among treatments and between treatments and environmental factors,respectively.The results showed that nitrogen application significantly increased pH value,available nitrogen content,soil water content(SWC),and urea(URE)activity in rhizosphere soil of monoculture mulberry.In contrast,intercropping and intercropping+N significantly decreased pH and SWC in mulberry treatments.Nitrogen,intercropping and intercropping+N sharply reduced soil organic matter content and SWC in alfalfa treatments.Nitrogen,intercropping,and intercropping+N increased the values of McIntosh diversity(U),Simpson diversity(D),and Shannon-Weaver diversity(H’)in mulberry treatments.However,PC A scatter plots showed clustering of monoculture mulberry with nitrogen(MNE)and intercropping mulberry without nitrogen(M0).Intercropping reduced both H’and D but nitrogen application showed no effect on diversity of microbial communities in alfalfa.There were obvious differences in using the six types of carbon sources between mulberry and alfalfa treatments.Nitrogen and intercropping increased the numbers of sole carbon substrate in mulberry treatments where the relative use rate exceeded 4%.While the numbers declined in alfalfa with nitrogen and intercropping.RDA indicated that URE was positive when intercropping mulberry was treated with nitrogen,but was negative in monoculture alfalfa treated with nitrogen.Soil pH and SWC were positive with mulberry treatments but were negative with alfalfa treatments.Intercropping with alfalfa benefited mulberry in the absence of nitrogen application.Intercropping with alfalfa and nitrogen application could improve the microbial community function and diversity in rhizosphere soil of mulberry.The microbial community in rhizosphere soil of mulberry and alfalfa is strategically complementary in terms of using carbon sources.

Effect of intercropping on maize grain yield and yield components

Smallholders in developing countries commonly use intercropping to produce crops with higher yield and value. Many intercropping studies have been conducted under experimental conditions, but few studies have been performed in farmers’ fields. We conducted a 4-year study using data from real farms to examine the relationships between yield and yield components of intercropped maize in the North China Plain. Three field experiments were conducted to compare the suitability of different maize varieties in intercropping. In the farm study, the grain yield of maize intercropped with watermelon was reduced by more than one third as compared to maize in wheat-maize double cropping, mainly due to lower ear density and lower 100-grain weight. Under real farm conditions, the yield of intercropped maize increased with increasing ear density and 100-grain weight, while yield of sole maize increased with increasing grain number per ear and 100-grain weight. In the field experiments, the maize cultivars commonly used in double cropping gave similar yields when grown in the intercropping system and their yields were closely related to ear density and 100-grain weight. Our results demonstrated that ear density, rather cultivar, was a key factor affecting the productivity of intercropped maize. Therefore,maintaining high ear density is a practical way for promoting productivity of maize in farmers’ intercropping practices.

Timing and splitting of nitrogen fertilizer supply to increase crop yield and efficiency of nitrogen utilization in a wheat–peanut relay intercropping system in China

Agronomically optimizing the timing and rates of nitrogen(N) fertilizer application can increase crop yield and decrease N loss to the environment. Wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)–peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.) relay intercropping systems are a mainstay of economic and food security in China. We performed a field experiment to investigate the effects of N fertilizer on N recovery efficiency, crop yield, and N loss rate in wheat–peanut relay intercropping systems in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, China during 2015–2017. The N was applied on the day before sowing, the jointing stage(G30) or the booting stage(G40) of winter wheat, and the anthesis stage(R1) of peanut in the following percentage splits: 50-50-0-0(N1), 35-35-0-30(N2), and 35-0-35-30(N3), using 300 kg N ha-1, with 0 kg N ha-1(N0) as control. ^(15)N-labeled(20.14 atom %) urea was used to trace the fate of N in microplots. The yields of wheat and peanut increased by 12.4% and 15.4% under the N2 and N3 treatments, relative to those under the N1 treatment. The ^(15)N recovery efficiencies( ^(15)NRE) were 64.9% and 58.1% for treatments N2 and N3, significantly greater than that for the N1 treatment(45.3%). The potential N loss rates for the treatments N2 and N3 were23.7% and 7.0%, significantly lower than that for treatment N1(30.1%). Withholding N supply until the booting stage(N3) did not reduce the wheat grain yield; however, it increased the N content derived from ^(15)N-labeled urea in peanuts, promoted the distribution of ^(15)N to pods, and ultimately increased pod yields in comparison with those obtained by topdressing N at jointing stage(N2). In comparison with N2, the N uptake and N recovery efficiency(NRE) of N3 was increased by 12.0% and 24.1%,respectively, while the apparent N loss decreased by 16.7%. In conclusion, applying N fertilizer with three splits and delaying topdressing fertilization until G40 of winter wheat increased total grain yields and NRE and reduced N loss. This practice could be an environment-friendly N management strategy for wheat–peanut relay intercropping systems in China.

Soil mineral nitrogen and yield-scaled soil N2O emissions lowered by reducing nitrogen application and intercropping with soybean for sweet maize production in southern China

The increasing demand for fresh sweet maize （Zea mays L. saccharata） in southern China has prioritized the need to find solutions to the environmental pollution caused by its continuous production and high inputs of chemical nitrogen fertilizers. A promising method for improving crop production and environmental conditions is to intercrop sweet maize with legumes. Here, a three-year field experiment was conducted to assess the influence of four different cropping systems （sole sweet maize （SS）, sole soybean （SB）, two rows sweet maize-three rows soybean （S2B3） intercropping, and two rows sweet maize-four rows soybean （S2B4） intercropping）, together with two rates of N fertilizer application （300 and 360 kg N ha-1） on grain yield, residual soil mineral N, and soil N2O emissions in southern China. Results showed that in most case, inter- cropping achieved yield advantages （total land equivalent ratio （TLER=0.87-1.25） was above one）. Moreover, intercropping resulted in 39.8% less soil mineral N than SS at the time of crop harvest, averaged over six seasons （spring and autumn in each of the three years of the field experiment）. Generally, intercropping and reduced-N application （300 kg N ha-1） produced lower cumulative soil N20 and yield-scaled soil N20 emissions than SS and conventionaI-N application （360 kg N ha-l）, respectively. $2B4 intercropping with reduced-N rate （300 kg N ha-~） showed the lowest cumulative soil N20 （mean value=0.61 kg ha-1） and yield-scaled soil N20 （mean value=0.04 kg t-1） emissions. Overall, intercropping with reduced-N rate maintained sweet maize production, while also reducing environmental impacts. The system of S2B4 intercropping with reduced-N rate may be the most sustainable and environmentally friendly cropping system.

Coordinated responses of leaf and nodule traits contribute to the accumulation of N in relay intercropped soybean

Maize(Zea mays L.)-soybean(Glycine max L.Merr.)relay intercropping provides a way to enhance land productivity.However,the late-planted soybean suffers from shading by the maize.After maize harvest,how the recovery growth influences the leaf and nodule traits remains unclear.A three-year field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of genotypes,i.e.,supernodulating(nts1007),Nandou 12(ND12),and Guixia 3(GX3),and crop configurations,i.e.,the interspecific row spacing of 45(I45),60(I60),75 cm(I75),and sole soybean(SS),on soybean recovery growth and N fixation.The results showed that intercropping reduced the soybean total leaf area(LA)by reducing both the leaf number(LN)and unit leaflet area(LUA),and it reduced the nodule dry weight(NW)by reducing both the nodule number(NN)and nodule diameter(ND)compared with the SS.The correlation and principal component analysis(PCA)indicated a co-variability of the leaf and nodule traits in response to the genotype and crop configuration interactions.During the recovery growth stages,the compensatory growth promoted soybean growth to reduce the gaps of leaf and nodule traits between intercropping and SS.The relative growth rates of ureide(RGR_U)and nitrogen(RGR_N)accumulation were higher in intercropping than in SS.Intercropping achieved more significant sucrose and starch contents compared with SS.ND12 and GX3 showed more robust compensatory growth than nts1007 in intercropping.Although the recovery growth of relay intercropping soybean improved biomass and nitrogen accumulation,ND12 gained a more significant partial land equivalent ratio(pLER)than GX3.The I60 treatment achieved more robust compensation effects on biomass and N accumulation than the other configurations.Meanwhile,I60 showed a higher nodule sucrose content and greater shoot ureide and N accumulation than SS.Finally,intercropping ND12 with maize using an interspecific row spacing of 60 cm was optimal for both yield advantage and N accumulation.

Evaluating the Intercropping of Millet with Cowpea for Forage Yield and Quality

A field study was scheduled to estimate the impact of intercropping of pearl millet with cowpea on forage yield and quality at Agronomy Research Farm, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. It was done in kharif season 2016. Randomized complete block design was used to conduct this experiment. It has three replications. The size of net plot is 3.6 m × 6 m. It comprised of five treatments (T1 = one row of millet alternating with one row of cowpea (1M:1C), T2 = two rows of millet alternating with one row of cowpea (2M:1C), T3 = one row of millet alternating with two rows of cowpea (1M:2C), T4 = sole millet, T5 = sole cowpea). We found that intercropping significantly effected the yield and quality of forage. Intercropping system had significant effects on nutritive value of forage crop. Within various treatments of intercropping, it is evident that treatment T2 (two rows of millet alternating with one row of cowpea) gives maximum total dry matter yield (9.68 t ha-1). It was then tracked by treatment T1 (one row of millet alternating with one row of cowpea) and treatment T3 (one row of millet alternating with two rows of cowpea) producing dry matter yield (9.07 t ha-1 and 8.33 t ha-1, respectively). Based on high grain and suitable environmental condition, intercrop productivity compared to sole crop could be selected for improving the productivity of millet/cowpea mixture in the Punjab.

Projected benefit-cost analysis of agri-silvicultural system:vegetable crops intercropping with Salix alba (Willow)

An experiment upon an agri-silvicultural system involving Willow （Salix alba） tree, Kale （Brassica oleracea var. acephala） and Knol khol （Brassica oleracea var. caularapa） was laid in randomized block designed at farmers＇ willow field at Shalimar near Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar India during 2005 and 2006. The main plot was divided into sub-spots with 8 m × 2 m in size each in which four two-year-old willow （Salix alba） trees were at a spacing of 2 m ×2 m in a sub-spot. The intercrops were maintained at recommended spacing and supplied with recommended doses of fertilizers. The benefit-cost ratio in willow plantation intercropped with vegetable crops of Kale and Knol Khol was analyzed and compared with the benefit-cost ratio of sole willow tree forestry. The results showed that every rupee invested in plantation of agri-silvicultural system generates benefit-cost ratio of 2.78 and 2.79 in case of Willow intercropping with Kale and Willow with Knol khol, respectively, while as for sole crop of willows benefit-cost ratio was calculated to be 2.66. These results provided circumstantial evidence in favour of adopting agroforestry involving willow instead of Sole tree forestry.

Improving crop yield, N uptake and economic returns by intercropping barley or canola with pea

Two field experiments were conducted from 2009 to 2011 on a Gray Luvisol (Typic Haplocryalf) loam at Star City, Saskatchewan, Canada, to determine the effectiveness of intercropping barley or canola with pea in improving crop yield, total N uptake, seed quality, Land Equivalency Ratio (LER) and economic returns compared to barley, canola or pea grown as monocultures. Average seed yields of barley-pea or canola-pea intercrops were usually greater than those of barley, canola or pea as sole crops. In intercrops, application of N fertilizer increased seed yield of barley or canola but had only slight beneficial effect on the combined seed yield of both crops together. The LER values for intercrops were usually much greater than 1, suggesting less land requirements of intercropping systems than monoculture for the same seed yield. Net returns were lowest for barley as sole crop. Without applied N, net returns were slightly lower for barley-pea intercrop and slightly greater for canola-pea intercrop than pea as a sole crop. Generally, protein concentration in canola or barley seed was higher and oil concentration in canola seed was lower in intercrop combinations compared to sole crops. Response trends of total N uptake in seed or straw were usually similar to that of seed or straw yield. In conclusion, intercropping barley or canola with pea improved yield, N uptake and net returns, suggesting the potential of barley-pea or canola-pea intercrops and pea for organic farming systems.

The Quantitative Evaluation of Output Efficiency in Different Cropping Patterns

Quantitative indexes such as land equivalent ratio, yield equivalent and value of output equivalent were used to evaluate output efficiencies of different cropping patterns, i.e., sequential cropping, intercrops and crop rotation. Compared to single cropping, land use efficiencies under sequential cropping, intercrops and crop rotation were raised by 62, 38 and 21%, respectively. The unit area yield under sequential cropping, intercrops and crop rotation were raised by 63, 29 and 16%, respectively. The unit area value was also enhanced under sequential cropping and intercrops, 76 and 35% higher than that under single cropping. The paper provides a useful tool for comparing farm output efficiency and build up a theoretical basis for further research on output efficiency of various cropping patterns in the future.

多样化种植对提升耕地质量的作用:进展与展望

多样化种植是现代生态农业的重要举措之一,对提高生物多样性、生态服务功能和土壤质量等具有重要意义。在全球粮食供给紧张和耕地短缺背景下,多样化种植在提升我国耕地质量和保障粮食安全中将会发挥越来越重要的作用。但现有研究对多样化种植的理解多集中在提高生物多样性和发挥生态功能等方面,对其提升耕地质量的作用关注较少,特别是多样化种植如何通过改善土壤物理、化学、生物多样性来提高耕地质量和维持土壤健康方面的理解还较为局限。本文在总结多样化种植的内涵及对促进耕地土壤健康和提高生态服务功能作用的基础上,系统梳理了多样化种植对改善土壤物理、化学、生物多样性等方面的作用研究进展,展望了未来以提升耕地质量为核心发展多样化种植亟需关注的方向和研究重点,以期为多样化种植在我国耕地质量提升策略中发挥更大作用提供参考。

林果茶桑园与大豆间套作模式可行性分析

文章从园区小气候、营养利用、光合作用、病虫害、综合效益5个方面对林果茶桑园间套作大豆栽培模式下主栽作物与间作大豆之间的竞争关系和促进作用进行综合分析。结果表明,林果茶桑与大豆合理间套作可改善园区小气候、改良土壤养分状况、减少病虫害和杂草、提高光能利用效率,促进林果茶桑园综合效益显著提升。该间套作模式具有可行性,是一种比较理想的间套作模式。

胡麻间作模式对作物养分吸收利用及产量的影响

为明确不同胡麻间作系统中作物养分吸收利用对产量贡献的差异,本研究采用田间二因素随机区组试验设计,设置两种间作类型:胡麻||玉米间作(F||M)、胡麻||大豆间作(F||S), 3种带型配置[4∶2 (S1)、6∶3 (S2)和8∶4(S3)],以单作为对照,共计9组处理,比较分析了两种间作系统中不同带型配置的间作优势以及成熟期养分吸收量和利用效率对间作优势的贡献。结果表明:与单作相比,间作提高了作物生物产量和籽粒产量,胡麻||玉米间作系统显著高于胡麻||大豆间作,且在8∶4行比配置下达到最大值;两种间作系统中土地当量比(LER)均大于1,具有间作产量优势。胡麻||玉米间作系统中,植株氮、磷和钾养分吸收总量比相应单作提高12.15%~50.38%、44.79%~67.29%和3.90%~25.75%,氮素利用效率高出单作73.20%~78.36%;氮、磷和钾吸收因子对LER的贡献分别为1.33~2.10、1.76~2.08和1.11~1.53,利用因子的贡献分别为-0.30~-0.12、-0.42~-0.25和-0.10~0.07。胡麻||大豆间作系统中,植株氮、磷和钾养分吸收总量比相应单作提高6.86%~60.06%、11.97%~59.21%和7.34%~65.30%,氮素利用效率高出单作48.77%~71.74%;氮、磷和钾吸收因子对LER的贡献分别为1.17~2.13、1.20~2.10和1.15~2.15,利用因子的贡献分别为-0.53~-0.30、-0.46~-0.15和-0.52~-0.03。综合分析认为,本研究中8行胡麻4行玉米间作带型能提高作物养分吸收利用能力,增加间作系统作物产量,其间作优势主要来源于养分吸收量的增加,而非利用效率的改变。

接种丛枝菌根真菌配合氮肥减施对辣椒–大豆间作体系氮素吸收的影响

【目的】叶菜及经济效益较高的茄果类如辣椒、番茄等占云南省设施蔬菜栽培面积的62.19%,蔬菜连作以及氮肥的大量施用制约了设施蔬菜高产优质,降低了土壤质量。研究接种丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)和氮水平对作物生长、土壤氮残留及生物相关特性的影响,为提高设施蔬菜产量,减少氮肥施用量,降低土壤氮残留提供理论依据。【方法】以大豆和辣椒间作为种植模式进行盆栽试验。设计了接种AMF、氮肥用量、种植模式三因素试验。在大豆、辣椒单作、大豆辣椒间作3个种植模式下,分别设3个施氮(N)水平:0、100、200 mg/kg土(N0、N1、N2);每个氮水平下,再设土壤不接种、接种AMF菌剂处理(NM、AMF),共组成18个处理。在蔬菜收获期,取样测定蔬菜生物量、根系长度、AMF侵染率,测定根际土壤硝态氮、铵态氮含量、氮代谢酶活性以及菌丝密度。【结果】接种AMF、施氮量、种植模式及三者的交互作用对辣椒和大豆根系AMF侵染率、植株生物量和根长的影响都达到显著水平(P<0.01)。N1处理显著增加了辣椒、大豆根系的菌根侵染率,且在间作条件下的增幅最高;N1处理下,接种AMF和间作均显著增加了辣椒、大豆植株生物量和氮吸收量,抑制了根系的伸长。N2处理显著增加了土壤铵态氮和硝态氮含量,接种AMF显著降低了辣椒、大豆植株根际土壤铵态氮和硝态氮含量,间作则显著降低了辣椒根际土壤硝态氮含量和大豆根际土壤铵态氮含量。接种AMF、间作均明显增加了植物根际土壤中蛋白酶、脲酶及硝酸还原酶活性。N1处理显著增加了土壤菌丝密度,间作条件下接种AMF显著增加了辣椒根际土壤菌丝密度。【结论】配合间作和接种AMF措施,氮肥减施可提高蔬菜根际菌根侵染率,增加土壤中菌丝密度,提高氮代谢酶活性,从而促进蔬菜生长和氮素吸收,减少土壤氮残留,因此,蔬菜间作种植下,接种AMF配合氮肥减施有望成为改善设施土壤肥力,提高氮肥利用效率,促进蔬菜健康生长,减少土壤氮素残留的配套技术。

施氮与种间距离下大豆/玉米带状套作作物生长特性及其对产量形成的影响

为明确施氮和种间距离下套作作物生长特性及其对产量形成的影响。本文以大豆/玉米带状套作系统为研究主体,探究不同氮水平(施氮与不施氮)与种间距离(玉豆间距30、45、60和75 cm、单作100 cm)下作物生长率、干物质积累与分配及产量差异,并对作物干物质积累过程进行拟合,综合分析作物生长规律和产量效益。结果表明:玉米生长率在抽雄期至乳熟期达最大,不施氮下以间距30 cm(MS30)最高,较玉米单作(MM100)高出34.99%。套作大豆生长率在初花期前显著低于单作(SS100),而初花期后高于SS100,以间距60cm(MS60)最高,盛花期—盛荚期在不施氮下较SS100高出78.91%。Logistic方程可较好的拟合玉米、大豆的干物质积累过程,且R2均在0.95以上。与不施氮相比,施氮推迟了玉米干物质积累高峰,提高了干物质积累量;套作大豆生育前期干物质积累慢于单作,而生育后期间距45cm(MS45)、MS60干物质积累逐渐与单作持平甚至超过单作。施氮提高了玉米籽粒干物质分配率而显著提高产量,2年间玉米产量分别提高10.05%、40.90%。随种间距离增加套作大豆产量呈先增后减趋势,以MS60最高,MS30最低,MS60两年间在不施氮与施氮下较MS30分别平均高出23.88%、31.77%。套作下土地当量比均在1.35以上,其中以施氮下MS60最大(1.89)。适宜的种间距离(间距60 cm)可实现套作下玉米和大豆协同生长,提高作物生长率、促进干物质积累与分配、提高系统产量和土地当量比。

干旱灌区绿肥对多样化种植小麦玉米产量性能指标的影响

为探究插种豆科绿肥对传统小麦、玉米多样化种植模式产量性能指标的影响,通过配置豆科绿肥构建干旱灌区作物高产技术途径,依托2017年布设的田间定位试验,于2019—2021年对小麦、玉米传统种植模式及配置豆科绿肥后主栽作物叶面积指数(LAI)、叶日积(LAD)、作物生长率(CGR)、籽粒产量(GY)及产量构成要素的响应特征进行研究,明确基于绿肥提升作物多样化水平进而提高作物产量的理论基础。试验设单作玉米(M)、单作小麦(W)一年一收、小麦复种绿肥(W-G)和小麦间作玉米(W||M)一年两收、小麦复种绿肥间作玉米(W-G||M)一年三收共5种作物多样化水平不同的种植模式。结果表明,不同种植系统混合籽粒产量随作物多样化水平的提高而提高,一年两收模式W||M显著高于W和M,W-G显著高于W,一年三收模式W-G||M显著高于W||M和W-G;净占地面积下,两种组分作物籽粒产量随多样化水平的提高而提高。LAI、LAD和主栽作物生育后期CGR等产量性能指标也随作物多样化水平的提高而提高。产量构成要素方面,随作物多样化水平的提高,小麦穗粒数、玉米有效穗数随之提高;W-G在小麦穗粒数和千粒重方面显著高于W。通径分析显示,组分作物小麦主要通过穗粒数的增加而实现增产,组分作物玉米主要通过单位面积有效穗数的增加实现增产。本研究表明,随作物多样化水平的提升,主栽作物籽粒产量和产量性能指标也随之提升,干旱灌区可通过配置豆科绿肥提升种植系统作物多样化水平,从而实现增产。

种植模式对作物产量及间作系统种间关系的影响

为探究北方旱作区高效合理的种植模式,选取玉米和毛叶苕子为材料进行田间试验,采用完全随机区组设计,通过轮作和连作与间作和单作相结合,共设置玉米轮作单作、毛叶苕子轮作单作、玉米连作单作、毛叶苕子连作单作、玉米/毛叶苕子轮作间作(玉米轮作间作、毛叶苕子轮作间作)、玉米/毛叶苕子连作间作(玉米连作间作、毛叶苕子轮作间作)共6种种植模式,研究作物产量对种植模式变化的响应特征,以及轮作和连作对间作系统中种间关系及生物多样性效应的影响。结果表明:与连作相比,轮作使毛叶苕子产量显著提升12.66%~21.11%;间作相比于单作使玉米产量显著提升21.92%~26.66%,而使毛叶苕子产量显著降低7.46%~16.43%。不同种植模式中间作系统的土地当量比为1.04~1.09,与单作相比,间作系统存在间作优势,由于玉米的偏土地当量比大于毛叶苕子,且作物竞争强度均小于0,因此间作系统中作物的种间竞争大于种内竞争,且玉米是间作中的优势作物。当种植制度由连作改变为轮作,可通过显著减少种间竞争的方式,驱动玉米和毛叶苕子间作系统增产增效的生物多样性效应由选择效应向互补效应转变。生物多样性效应与作物增产率之间的相关性结果表明,互补效应和净效应与毛叶苕子增产率均呈显著正相关关系,在间作系统中,产量优势源于系统中劣势作物的产量提升。综上所述,山西晋中旱作农业区实施玉米/毛叶苕子轮作间作种植模式可通过改变作物种间竞争关系来提高土地生产力,在当地农业生产中具有应用价值。

不同种植模式下鬼针草与龙葵修复土壤镉污染的效应研究

为探究不同种植模式下鬼针草与龙葵对土壤镉(Cd)污染的修复效果,设置鬼针草单作、龙葵单作、鬼针草与龙葵间作、鬼针草与龙葵混作4种种植模式,分析不同种植模式下两种植物的生长状况以及对土壤Cd污染修复的差异.结果表明,不同种植模式下两种植物的株高、根长、茎基直径无显著性差异,间作会显著降低龙葵的叶绿素含量以及地下部的生物量干重.间作与混作会降低土壤pH的大小,显著提高鬼针草茎与叶以及龙葵根与果实中的Cd含量,显著提高鬼针草地上部与龙葵地上、地下部的富集系数以及鬼针草的转运系数.但是间作与混作处理下每盆植物吸收Cd的总量与鬼针草单作处理相比没有显著性差异,因此鬼针草、龙葵间作与混作并没有提高对土壤Cd污染的修复效果.

INTERCROPPING:FEED MORE PEOPLE AND BUILD MORE SUSTAINABLE AGROECOSYSTEMS

Intercropping is a traditional farming system that increases crop diversity to strengthen agroecosystem functions while decreasing chemical inputs and minimizing negative environmental effects of crop production.Intercropping is currently considerable interest because of its importance in sustainable agriculture.Here,we synthesize the factors that make intercropping a sustainable means of food production by integrating biodiversity of natural ecosystems and crop diversity.In addition to well-known yield increases,intercropping can also increase yield stability over the long term and increase systemic resistance to plant diseases,pests and other unfavorable factors(e.g.,nutrient deficiencies).The efficient use of resources can save mineral fertilizer inputs,reduce environmental pollution risks and greenhouse gas emissions caused by agriculture,thus mitigating global climate change.Intercropping potentially increases above-and belowground biodiversity of various taxa at field scale,consequently it enhances ecosystem services.Complementarity and selection effects allow a better understanding the mechanisms behind enhanced ecosystem functioning.The development of mechanization is essential for largescale application of intercropping.Agroecosystem multifunctionality and soil health should be priority topics in future research on intercropping.

生姜应答间/套作的生理生化研究进展

生姜(Zingiber officinale Roscoe)是重要的药食两用作物,有较高的经济价值。生姜喜阴,生产中常采用遮阴栽培,合理的生姜间/套作可以提高光能利用率及土地利用率,增加经济效益,在现代农业生产中具有一定的推广价值。本研究综述了间/套作对生姜生长和生理生化等方面的影响,旨在为构建简易、高产、高效、可持续发展的生姜产业提供参考;提出了生姜间/套作在分子生物学机制、根际微生态协调等方面需要进一步研究的问题,并对生姜在间/套作的未来研究方向进行了展望。