Genetic analysis of quality traits in intersubspecies crosses of rice

Indica and japonica rices are two subspecies ofAsia cultivated rice.Their grain qualities exista significant difference.The objective of thispaper is to study the genetic control of qualitytraits in intersubspecies crosses of rice.In 1991,4 japonica varieties with widecompatibility,PC311,Zhenxiqiuguang,Lun-hui 422,and Ce 03 were crossed with 5 indicavarieties,3037,Zaoxiandang 18,IR36,Minghui 63,and Yangdao 4 according to NC(?)design.The 20 hybrids using japonica as ma-

陈晨鞍马交叉倒立动作技术研究

技术改进与创新是体操项目发展的动力。以江苏体操队陈晨为研究对象,采用三维录像解析方法,对其反交叉倒立动作进行分析,指导技术改进,同时,帮助他攻克正交叉倒立的动作,接着又对正、反两个交叉倒立动作进行录像解析和对比分析,确定该动作技术原理。在此基础上,提出鞍马交叉回环的创新动作设计,进行可行性论证,指导进一步的动作创新。

Temporal-spatial Variation Characteristics of the Extreme Precipitation Days over South China from 1961 to 2010

[ Objective] The research aimed to analyze temporal-spatial variation characteristics of the extreme precipitation days over South China from 1961 to 2010. [ Method] Based on the daily precipitation data in meteorological stations over South China, extreme precipitation thresholds were determined according to the percentiles distribution for different stations. Temporal-spatial variation characteristics of the extreme precipitation days over South China were studied by the methods of fuzzy clustering, trend coefficient, wavelet analysis and cross spectrum analysis, etc. [ Re- suit] Four sub-regions were identified over South China. They were respectively Nanling area, west Guangxi area, Coast area and Hainan area. Occurrence seasons of the extreme precipitations in each sub-region were significantly different. Extreme precipitation clays in four sub-regions all had increase trends, and those of Nanling area and Coast area were significant. From wavelet analysis and cress spectrum analysis, there were significant periodic variation characteristics. Extreme precipitation days in each sub-region all had significant same-phase evolution trends at the peri- od of 2 -5 years, but backward time length was different. [ Conclusion] The research provided background materials for forecast and influence as- sessment of the extremely heavy precipitation over South China.

RAPD-based genetic analysis of offsprings from the sexual cross using allotetraploid citrus somatic hybrid as pollen parent

Thirty-one polymorphic decamer primers were selected to genotype 92 progenies from the cross be- tween Yiben No.4, a monoembryonic diploid F1 hybrid of Citrus reticulata Blanco cv Huanongbendizao tangerine and C. ichangensis Swingle, and [Hamlin sweet orange + Rough lemon], an allotetraploid somatic hybrid of Citrus sinensis Osbeck cv. Hamlin and C. jambhiri Lush cv. Rough Lemon. χ2 (Chi-square) analysis of RAPD markers in the progenies indicated they were randomly transmitted from the four donor parents, without significant difference between the diploids and triploids. However, these progenies were clustered into three major groups using dendrogram constructed by UPGMA, skewed to three parents in certain degrees, 15 (13 triploids and 2 diploids) to Hamlin, 16 (9 and 7) to Yiben No. 4, and 61 (57 and 4) to [Hamlin sweet orange + Rough Lemon] from which genomic contribu- tion was predominant in progenies, respectively.

SiZer for exploration of inhomogeneous structure in temporal distribution of earth-quakes

In this paper, the inhomogeneous structure of generalized seismic strain release time series (GSSRTS) of earth- quakes in East, West China and their subtectonic regions as Xinjiang, Qinghai-Xizang (Tibetan) Plateau, Northeast China, North China, South China and Taiwan have been analyzed by using the method of significant analysis on zero crossings of derivatives (SiZer). Results show that when index η for estimating GSSRTS is close to zero and bandwidth is large enough, GSSRTSs feature significant increasing in Xinjiang, Northeast China, South China and Taiwan tectonic regions and decreasing in Qinghai-Xizang (Tibetan Platean) and North China tectonic regions from January 1, 1970 to January 1, 2000. While with the dwindling of bandwidth GSSRTSs in all the above tec- tonic regions characterize clustering, that is to say, significant increasing and decreasing emerge alternatively. When η is large enough, GSSRTSs would have no significant statistical variation in most of above tectonic regions except Qinghai-Xizang (Tibetan Platean) and Taiwan where significant increasing or decreasing hold in several time intervals within limited bandwidths.

A Star-Wheel Stair-Climbing Wheelchair

In order to achieve a wheelchair climb stairs function, this paper designs a star-wheel stair-climbing mechanism. Through the effect of the lock coupling, the star-wheel stair-climbing mechanism is formed to be fixed axis gear train or planetary gear train achieving flat-walking and stair-climbing functions. Crossing obstacle analysis obtains the maximum height and minimum width of obstacle which the wheelchair can cross. Stress-strain analysis in Solidworks simulation is performed to verify material strength.

TopicBubbler:An interactive visual analytics system for cross-level fine-grained exploration of social media data

How to explore fine-grained but meaningful information from the massive amount of social media data is critical but challenging.To address this challenge,we propose the TopicBubbler,a visual analytics system that supports the cross-level fine-grained exploration of social media data.To achieve the goal of cross-level fine-grained exploration,we propose a new workflow.Under the procedure of the workflow,we construct the fine-grained exploration view through the design of bubble-based word clouds.Each bubble contains two rings that can display information through different levels,and recommends six keywords computed by different algorithms.The view supports users collecting information at different levels and to perform fine-grained selection and exploration across different levels based on keyword recommendations.To enable the users to explore the temporal information and the hierarchical structure,we also construct the Temporal View and Hierarchical View,which satisfy users to view the cross-level dynamic trends and the overview hierarchical structure.In addition,we use the storyline metaphor to enable users to consolidate the fragmented information extracted across levels and topics and ultimately present it as a complete story.Case studies from real-world data confirm the capability of the TopicBubbler from different perspectives,including event mining across levels and topics,and fine-grained mining of specific topics to capture events hidden beneath the surface.

Changes in cropland topsoil organic carbon with different fertilizations under long-term agro-ecosystem experiments across China's Mainland

Topsoil soil organic carbon(SOC) data were collected from long-term Chinese agro-ecosystem experiments presented in 76 reports with measurements over 1977 and 2006.The data set comprised 481 observations(135 rice paddies and 346 dry croplands) of SOC under different fertilization schemes at 70 experimental sites(28 rice paddies and 42 dry croplands).The data set covered 16 dominant soil types found in croplands across 23 provinces of China's Mainland.The fertilization schemes were grouped into six categories:N(inorganic nitrogen fertilizer only),NP(compound inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers),NPK(compound inorganic nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers),O(organic fertilizers only),OF(combined inorganic/organic fertilization) and Others(other unbalanced fertilizations such as P only,K only,P plus K and N plus K).Relative change in SOC content was analyzed,and rice paddies and dry croplands soils were compared.There was an overall temporal increase in topsoil SOC content,and relative annual change(RAC,g kg-1 yr-1) ranged -0.14-0.60(0.13 on average) for dry cropland soils and -0.12-0.70(0.19 on average) for rice paddies.SOC content increase was higher in rice paddies than in dry croplands.SOC increased across experimental sites,but was higher under organic fertilization and combined organic/inorganic fertilizations than chemical fertilizations.SOC increase was higher under balanced chemical fertilizations with compound N,P and K fertilizers than unbalanced fertilizations such as N only,N plus P,and N plus K.The effects of specific rational fertilizations on SOC increase persisted for 15 years in dry croplands and 20 years in rice paddies,although RAC values decreased generally as the experiment duration increased.Therefore,the extension of rational fertilization in China's croplands may offer a technical option to enhance C sequestration potential and to sustain long-term crop productivity.

Pedestrian risk analysis at uncontrolled midblock and unsignalised intersections

Transportation is defined as port to port transfer of person or goods by a medium which can be a vehicle or a person. Pedestrians being the most neglected mode of transportation in terms of safety and facility, face difficult situations while crossing near intersections and midblock crossings. It becomes more of a risk when the place of crossing is uncontrolled.But if behaviour of pedestrians while crossing is analysed in such conditions, it might be possible to create suitable solution to lessen the risk and ensure safety. In most of the cities, accepting suitable gaps between vehicles in uncontrolled midblock and intersection crossings pose threat to pedestrians＇ safety. The present study examines the safety of pedestrian crossing behaviour at midblock and unsignalised intersection crossings.Crossing time, speed, stages of crossing, number of interruptions while crossing, and the type of vehicles for which pedestrians accept the gap were extracted from the video. The tendency to show rolling gap behavior was observed and examined for different age and gender groups to analyse the risk involved in such type of crossings. The risks analysed from the study in correlation with the pedestrian demand in such uncontrolled crossings will help in design of safer pedestrian facilities. It was observed that the size of the vehicle has a significant influence on gap acceptance and crossing behaviour of pedestrians. Male pedestrians take more risks than female pedestrians in crossing unsignalized intersections. Middle aged pedestrian category poses 60.1% more chances of interrupted crossing than the other elder and young age categories of pedestrians. Male pedestrian category and the middle aged pedestrian category are more tended to accept the smallest gap between the vehicles showing a risky nature of crossing.

Cytogenetic and molecular identification of three Triticum aestivum-Leymus racemosus translocation addition lines

Chromosome 2C from Aegilops cylindrica has the ability to induce chromosome breakage in common wheat （Tritivum aestivum）. In the BC1F3 generation of the T. aestivum cv. Chinese Spring and a hybrid between T. aestivum-Leymus racemosus Lr.7 addition line and T. aestivum-Ae, cylindrica 2C addition line, three disomic translocation addition lines （2n = 44） were selected by mitotic chromosome C-banding and genomic in situ hybridization. We further characterized these T. aestivum-L, racemosus translocation addition lines, NAU636, NAU637 and NAU638, by chromosome C-banding, in situ hybridization using the A- and D-genome-specific bacterial artificial chromosome （BAC） clones 676D4 and 9M13; plasmids pAsl and pSc119.2, and 45S rDNA; as well as genomic DNA of L. racemosus as probes, in combination with double ditelosomic test cross and SSR marker analysis. The translocation chromosomes were designated as T3AS-Lr7S, T6BS-Lr7S, and T5DS-Lr7L. The translocation line T3AS-Lr7S was highly resistant to Fusarium head blight and will be useful germplasm for resistance breeding.