Genetic and Geographic Patterns of Duplicate DPL Genes Causing Genetic Incompatibility Within Rice:Implications for Multiple Domestication Events in Rice

Strong genetic incompatibilities exist between two primary rice subspecies,indica and japonica.However,the wild ancestors of rice,O.nivara Sharma et Shastry and O.rufipogon Griff.,are genetically compatible.How this genetic incompatibility became established has not been clearly elucidated.To provide insights into the process,we analyzed a pair of hybrid sterility genes in rice,DOPPELGANGER 1(DPL1)and DOPPELGANGER 2(DPL2).Either of the two loci can have one defective allele(DPL1-and DPL2-).Hybrid pollen carrying both DPL1-and DPL2-alleles is sterile.To explore the origination of DPL1-and DPL2-,we sequenced the DPL1 and DPL2 genes of 811 individual plants,including Oryza sativa(132),O.nivara(296)and O.rufipogon(383).We then obtained 20 DPL1 and 34 DPL2 sequences of O.sativa from online databases.Using these sequences,we analyzed the genetic and geographic distribution patterns of DPL genes in modern rice and its wild ancestors.Compared with the ancestral populations,DPL1-and DPL2-showed reduced diversity but increased frequency in modern rice.We speculated that the diversity reduction was due to a historic genetic bottleneck,and the frequency had likely increased because the defective alleles were preferred following this artificial selection.Such results indicated that standing variances in ancestral lines can lead to severe incompatibilities among descendants.Haplotype analysis indicated that the DPL1-haplotype of rice emerged from an O.nivara population in India,whereas the DPL2-haplotype emerged from O.rufipogon in South China.Hence,the evolutionary history of DPLs conforms to the presumed multiple domestication events of modern rice.

ABO incompatibility in renal transplantation

ABO blood group incompatibility(ABO-I)was historically considered an absolute contraindication to kidney transplantation due to the significant risk of acute antibody-mediated rejection and early graft loss.Nevertheless,the urge to minimize the gap between the candidates’number on the waitlist for kidney transplants and the available kidney donors encourage investigation into finding ways to use organs from ABO-I kidney donors,especially in the era of using more potent immunosuppression therapies.This review aims to discuss a general overview of ABO-I kidney transplantation and the different protocols adopted by some transplant centers to meaningfully overcome this barrier.

Study on the cytoplasmic incompatibility in some natural population of Culex pipiens complex in China and Japan

The cytoplasmic incompatibility in the field population of Culex pipiens complex from China and Japan was studied. The results of the crossing experiments between 11 different strains suggest that some Japanese strains might be possible to be used for control Chinese strains by using male sterile technique, and the heavy infection of wolbachiae in mosquitoes may have some relations with the cytoplasmic incompatibility in the field population of Cx. pipiens complex.

Identification of Self-Incompatibility Genotypes in Some Sand Pears (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) by PCR-RFLP Analysis

The identification of self-incompatibility genotype （S-genotype） will be useful for selection of pollinizers and design of crossing in cultivar improvement of sand pear. This paper reported the identification of self-incompatibility genotypes of seven Chinese and two Japanese sand pear cultivars using PCR-RFLP analysis and S-RNase sequencing. The Sgenotypes of these cultivars were determined as follows： Huali 1 S1S3, Shounan S1S3, Xizilti S1S4, Qingxiang S3S7, Sanhua S2S7, Huangmi （Imamuranatsu） S1S6, Huali 2 S3S4, Baozhuli S7S33, Cangxixueli S5S15. S-RNase alleles （S1 to S9） in sand pear could be identified effectively by PCR-RFLP analysis.

Heterosis of Double Low Self-incompatibility in Oilseed Rape(Brassica napus L.)

66 F 1 hybrids, produced by 3 double low self-incompatible lines and 22 varieties with a North Carolina II (NCII) crossing design, were tested for their heterosis in Wuhan, China during two growing seasons from 1999 - 2001. The results showed that significant differences were found between F1s and their parents for yield per plant and seed oil content. Mid-parent heterosis of these two characters ranged from 5.50% -64.11% and from 1.55% -7.44% respectively. Heterosis for seed yield per plant was greater than that of seed oil content. For yield components, heterosis of total number of siliques per plant was the highest, followed by seed number per silique and 1 000 seeds weight. Significant genotype-by-year interaction was found for seed yield per plant. Results from correlation and combining ability analysis indicated that parental effects on its F! hybrid depended on characters, seed yield per plant was affected by both additive and non-additive effects, and seed oil content was affected mainly by additive effect. When designing hybrid programme, parents might be selected by GCAs and variances of SCAs of parents for the characters affected by both additive and non-additive effects, and by the sum of GCAs of female and male parents for the characters mainly affected by additive effects.

Anatomical Studies on Compatibility and Incompatibility of Some Solanaceous Plant Species to Field Dodder (<i>Cuscuta campestris</i>Yuncker)

Four solanaceous plant species, namely hot pepper (Capsicum frutescensL.), potato (Solanum tuberosumL.), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacumL.) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentumMiller) were anatomically screened for compatibility/incompatibility to field dodder (Cuscuta campestrisYuncker, Cuscutaceae). The development of field dodder haustorium within stem tissues of the studied solanaceous plants was found to depend on the latter’s response to the former’s penetration. In hot pepper and tobacco, which showed a positive response, the haustorium was well developed and its searching hyphae established connections with their vascular tissues. However, potato and tomato showed a negative response and acquired different defense mechanisms against the parasitism of field dodder. In both of them, the field dodder haustorium and/or its searching hyphae exhibited distorted appearance and failed to establish connection with their vascular tissues. Thus, the tested solanaceous plant species could be classified as either compatible (hot pepper and tobacco) or incompatible (potato and tomato) hosts to field dodder.

Outcomes of ABO-incompatible liver transplantation in end-stage liver disease patients co-infected with hepatitis B and human immunodeficiency virus

BACKGROUND Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-positive patients coinfected with hepatitis B virus(HBV)are eligible for liver transplantation(LT)in Africa and Southeast Asia,particularly China.However,the outcome of HIV-HBV coinfected patients referred for ABO-incompatible LT(ABOi-LT)is unknown.AIM To clarify the outcome of ABOi-LT for HIV-HBV coinfected patients with endstage liver disease(ESLD).METHODS We report on two Chinese HIV-HBV coinfected patients with ESLD who underwent A to O brain-dead donor LT and reviewed the literature on HIV-HBV coinfected patients treated with ABO-compatible LT.The pretransplantation HIV viral load was undetectable,with no active opportunistic infections.Induction therapy consisted of two sessions of plasmapheresis and a single dose of rituximab in two split doses,followed by an intraoperative regimen of intravenous immunoglobulin,methylprednisolone,and basiliximab.Post-transplant maintenance immunosuppressive agents consisted of tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil,and prednisone.RESULTS At the intermediate-term follow-up,patients showed undetectable HIV viral load,CD4(+)T cell counts greater than 150 cells/μL,no HBV recurrence,and stable liver function.A liver allograft biopsy showed no evidence of acute cellular rejection.Both patients survived at 36-42 mo of follow-up.CONCLUSION This is the first report of ABOi-LT in HIV-HBV recipients with good intermediate-term outcomes,suggesting that ABOi-LT may be feasible and safe for HIV-HBV coinfected patients with ESLD.

Sulfolane-Graphite Incompatibility and Its Mitigation in Li-ion Batteries

The non-flammability and high oxidation stability of sulfolane(SL)make it an excellent electrolyte candidate for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).However,its incompatibility with graphitic anode prevents the realization of these advantages.To understand how this incompatibility arises on molecular level so that it can be suppressed,we combined theoretical calculation and experimental characterization and reveal that the primary Li^(+) solvation sheath in SL is depleted of fluorine source.Upon reduction,SL in such fluorine-poor solvation sheath generates insoluble dimer with poor electronic insulation,hence leading to slow but sustained parasitic reactions.When fluorine content in Li^(+)-SL solvation sheath is increased via salt concentration,a high stability LiF-rich interphase on graphite can be formed.This new understanding of the failure mechanism of graphite in SL-based electrolyte is of great significance in unlocking many possible electrolyte solvent candidates for the high-voltage cathode materials for next-generation LIBs.

Galaxy Evolution by the Incompatibility between Dark Matter and Baryonic Matter

The paper derives the galaxy evolution by the non-interacting (incompatibility) between dark matter and baryonic matter in terms of the short-range separation between dark matter and baryonic matter, so dark matter cannot contact baryonic matter. In the conventional CDM (cold dark matter) model, dark matter and baryonic matter are interactive (compatible), so dark matter can contact baryonic matter. However, the conventional CDM model fails to account for the failure to detect dark matter by the contact (interaction) between dark matter and baryonic matter, the shortage of small galaxies, the abundance of spiral galaxies, the old age of large galaxies, and the formation of thin spiral galaxies. The non-interacting (incompatible cold dark matter) model can account for these observed phenomena. The five periods of baryonic structure development in the order of increasing non-interacting (incompatibility) are the free baryonic matter, the baryonic droplet, the galaxy, the cluster, and the supercluster periods.

Self-incompatibility Characteristics of 34 Apricot Cultivars in Xinjiang

[ Objective] This study aimed to explore the relationship between self-incompatibility strength and characteristics related to pollination and fertilization of different apricot varieties in Xinjiang. [ Method] The pollen amount, pollen germination rate, pollen tube growth status and fruiting setting rate by self-pollina- tion of 34 apricot cultivars in Xinjiang were determined, to analyze the self-incompatibility of different apricot cultivars. [ Result] The average pollen amount per anther of 34 apricot eultivars was 1 213.7, and the average pollen germination rate was 46.0%. There were great differences in the self-incompatlbility of different cuhivars ; most pollen tubes of the euhivars with high self-incompatibility stopped elongating at 1/3 or 1/2 part of the styles, and only a few pollen tubes of the euhivars with low self-incompatibility reached the ovary, and the normal fertilization ratio was significantly lower than that in self-compatible cultivars. [ Conclusion] Among the 34 apricot cuhivars, only 6 cuhivars were self-compatible and the others exhibited gametophyte self-incompatibility. In addition, the fruit setting rate by self-pollination was low.

Molecular Cloning,Expression Analysis and Localization of Exo70A1 Related to Self Incompatibility in Non-Heading Chinese Cabbage(Brassica campestris ssp.chinensis)

The exocyst is a conserved protein complex,and required for vesicles tethering,fusion and polarized exocytosis.Exo70A1,the exocyst subunit,is essential for assembly of the exocyst complex.To better understand potential roles of Exo70A1 in non-heading Chinese cabbage（Brassica campestris ssp.chinensis）,we obtained the full-length cDNA of Exo70A1 gene,which consisted of 1 917 bp and encoded a protein of 638 amino acids.BlastX showed BcExo70A1 shared 94.9% identity with Brassica oleracea var.acephala（AEI26267.1）,and clustered into a same group with other homologues in B.oleracea var.acephala and Brassica napus.Subcellular localization analysis showed BcExo70A1 was localized to punctate structures in cytosol of onion epithelial cells.Results showed that BcExo70A1 was widely presented in stamens,young stems,petals,unpollinated pistils,roots and leaves of self compatible and incompatible plants.The transcripts of BcExo70A1 in non- heading Chinese cabbage declined during initial 1.5 h after incompatible pollination,while an opposite trend was presented after compatible pollination.Our study reveals that BcExo70A1 could play essential roles in plant growth and development,and is related to the rejection of self pollen in non-heading Chinese cabbage.

Incompatible thermal deformation of interlayers and corresponding damage mechanism of high-speed railway track structure

In the service period,the instability of ballastless track bed are mostly related to the damage of interlayers which are mainly resulted from the incompatible thermal deformation of interlayers.The temperature field within the ballastless track bed shows significant non-uniformity due to the large difference in the materials of various structure layers,leading to a considerable difference in the force bearing of different structure layers.Unit Ballastless Track Bed(UBTB)is most significantly affected by temperature gradient.The thermal deformation of interlayers within UBTB follows the trend of ellipsoid-shape buckling under the effect of the temperature gradient,resulting in a variation of the contact relationship between structure layers and a significant periodic irregularity on the rail.When the train travels on the periodically irregular rail,the structure layers are locally contacted,and the contact zone moves with the variation of the wheel position.This wheel-followed local contact greatly magnifies the interlayer stress,causes interlayer damage,and leads to a considerable increase in the bending moment of the track slab.Continuous Ballastless Track Bed(CBTB)is most significantly affected by the overall temperature variation,which may cause damage to the joint in CBTB.Under the combined action of the overall temperature rise and the temperature gradient,the interlayer damage continuously expands,resulting in bonding failure between structural layers.The thermal force in the continuous track slabs will cause the up-heave buckling and the sudden large deformation of the track slab,and the loss of constraint boundary of the horizontal stability.For the design of a ballastless track structure,the change of bearing status and structural damage related to the incompatible thermal deformation of interlayers should be considered.

33例非O型ABOi肾移植受者围术期血型抗体的变化

目的统计分析非O型ABO血型不相合肾移植(ABOi-KT)受者围手术期结果资料,旨在探寻ABOi-KT患者血浆中血型抗体的变化情况。方法回顾性分析本院2021年1月—2023年10月首次肾移植、血型仅为A型和B型的33对ABOi-KT供、受体的临床资料,供者血型均为AB型,依据受者血型的不同,分为AB供A组(n=18)和AB供B组(n=15)。分析比较术前血浆置换对2组患者抗体效价的影响,术后2组患者血型抗体反弹和肾功能指标(术后d 1、3、7、14的尿素氮、肌酐和肾小球滤过率)的差异。依据术后血型抗体反弹与否,分为抗体反弹组(n=7)和非反弹组(n=26),分析比较初始效价在血型抗体反弹和非反弹组的差异。结果术前血浆置换对患者IgM抗体的清除率在2组间的差异无统计学意义(Z=-0.260,P>0.05);术后d 1、3、7、14,2组患者肾功指标均无统计学差异;AB供B组术后更易出现血型抗体效价反弹(P<0.05);初始IgM抗体效价在血型抗体反弹组和非反弹组有统计学差异(Z=-2.127,P<0.05),但是初始IgG抗体效价(Z=-1.835,P>0.05)在2组间无统计学意义。结论与AB供A组相比,术后AB供B的患者更易发生血型抗体效价反弹。

七类81323条多药配伍“混滴”医嘱回顾性分析

目的为多药(含两种及两种以上主药)配伍“混滴”医嘱审核提供参考依据,确保临床用药安全性。方法医院HIS系统提取静脉用药调配中心审核的81323条多药配伍“混滴”医嘱,按用药目的进行分类;查阅文献资料进行联用合理性和配伍稳定性分析。结果多药配伍“混滴”医嘱共7类,含10%氯化钾、10%氯化钠、胰岛素、维生素C等共28种主药,其中硫酸镁与罂粟碱,维生素B 6与维生素C,胰岛素与两性霉素B,复方甘草酸苷与谷胱甘肽两两间存在配伍禁忌;间苯三酚、复方甘草酸单铵S、阿昔洛韦、前列地尔等药物配伍稳定性资料较少,应避免与其他药物组合联用;电解质与水溶性维生素配伍存在争议,应按说明书要求配伍使用。结论多药配伍“混滴”不能简单看作是药物两两相加,配伍联用除参考文献资料外,还需结合实际操作中的配伍结果进行综合分析,确保临床用药安全性。

治理竞赛、创新扩散与情境不兼容:基层治理创新悬浮现象的发生逻辑——基于A市居委会轮岗制的案例研究

创新扩散和创新悬浮现象是基层治理研究的重要议题,但围绕两个议题的整合性研究并不多。基于对A市居委会轮岗制扩散过程和应用结果的案例研究,发现基层治理创新的构成要素和应用场景在扩散中发生明显变化。创新悬浮现象发生的起点是基层治理竞赛的评价标准具有模糊性,模糊性评价造就了在扩散中竞争和创新再生产等行动策略,并导致创新与创新使用者在工作目标、工作经验和工作激励等方面形成情境不兼容问题,进而使创新使用者采取名实分离策略。扩散中的创新再生产可以分为复制、加码、移植和转换四种,情境不兼容包括效率、竞争和社会三种情况,表明创新悬浮现象可以通过多种路径形成。扩散带来的创新悬浮问题表明作为创新调适机制的扩散可能存在积极扩散和消极扩散两种功能。破解基层治理创新悬浮问题有赖于营造更多的积极扩散,在此过程中需要平衡好创新标准化与基层自主性、局部创新与整体创新以及管理知识与执行知识等关系。

欧李种质资源自交不亲和S-RNase基因的克隆及序列分析

为鉴定不同欧李种质资源的S基因型,分析欧李S基因序列特点,以70份欧李种质为材料,通过PCR特异性扩增S基因,并克隆测序得到其基因序列。结果表明:利用BFP93/BFP94-1引物,在52份种质中各鉴定到2个S基因,在16份种质中各鉴定到单个S基因,在3-32-扁黄和10-32两份种质中未扩增出条带;共克隆得到120条基因,鉴定得到36种S基因型,并将其中的新基因登录到NCBI中,登录号依次为OQ124075~OQ124109。

双重滤过血浆置换和血浆置换对ABO血型不容肾移植受者术前血型抗体去除效果单中心对比研究

目的 对比研究双重滤过血浆置换(double filtration plasmapheresis,DFPP)和血浆置换(plasma exchange,PE)对ABO血型不相容肾移植(ABO incompatible kidney transplantation,ABOi-KT)术前血型抗体去除效果。方法 收集郑州大学第一附属医院2021年2月—2023年12月ABOi-KT术前36例单纯DFPP和27例单纯PE受者的临床资料以及每次治疗前后抗体效价,并对其进行差异化分析。结果 DFPP组和PE组分别进行了98次和82次治疗;DFPP和PE治疗后血型抗体效价均较治疗前显著降低(P<0.05);DFPP和PE均显示出对高效价抗体较好的去除效果,DFPP对效价≥32组IgG抗-A、IgG抗-B和IgM抗-B抗体去除效果优于效价≤16组(P<0.05),PE治疗对效价≥32组IgM抗-A和IgM抗-B抗体去除效果优于效价≤16组(P<0.05);整体上,DFPP和PE对不同类型抗体去除效果均无显著差异,但当效价≥32时,DFPP和PE均显示出对IgM类抗体较好的去除效果,PE更为明显;PE对抗-A抗体去除效果优于DFPP,这种优势主要表现为,当效价≤16时,PE较DFPP表现出对IgG抗-A抗体较好的去除效果(P<0.05),当效价≥32时,PE较DFPP表现出对IgM抗-A抗体较好的去除效果(P<0.05),两种方法对其他血型抗体的去除效果差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 DFPP和PE均可显著降低血型抗体效价,两种方法均对高效价抗体去除效果较好。除PE对低效价IgG抗-A和高效价IgM抗-A抗体去除效果较DFPP好外,两种方法对其他血型抗体去除效果无显著差异。

ABO次侧不相合血小板输注的有效性和安全性初步研究

目的研究分析紧急特殊情况下ABO次侧不相合血小板输注的有效性与安全性,为ABO次侧不相合血小板输注提供科学依据。方法①收集2013年1月—2023年6月广州市第一人民医院,深圳市中西医结合医院及广东医科大学附属第二医院紧急特殊情况下的24人次ABO次侧不相合血小板输注,为ABO次侧不相合组;收集同期ABO同型血小板输注610人次,用倾向评分匹配的方法从中筛选出拥有相似特征的24人次ABO同型血小板输注,为ABO同型组。比较两组间血小板输注疗效,患者住院天数及肝肾功能等指标的差异,分析ABO次侧不相合组急性溶血性输血反应发生率。②体外模拟受血者输注ABO次侧不相合血小板,盐水介质法检测输注后的红细胞凝集强度。结果①回顾分析中ABO次侧不相合组的血小板差值(ΔPLT)和血小板回收率(PPR)分别为(18.0±20.2)×10^(9)/L,(55.4±54.5)%;ABO同型组则分别为(20.6±15.4)×10^(9)/L,(61.9±48.9)%,以上指标两组间无统计学差异,t值分别为0.51,0.46,P均>0.05。②ABO次侧不相合组患者的住院天数,谷丙转氨酶(ALT),肌酐(Cr),IgG免疫球蛋白,IgM免疫球蛋白,CD4计数,CD8计数及B淋巴细胞计数分别为(30.4±17.8)d,(33.0±16.3)U/L,(104.9±64.7)μmol/L,(9.1±2.6)g/L,(1.24±0.83)g/L,(299.3±341.5)cells/μL,(475.7±283.9)cells/μL,(142.8±218.6)cells/μL;ABO同型组患者则分别为(29.5±17.5)d,(31.1±40.5)U/L,(95.6±55.6)μmol/L,(11.8±3.0)g/L,(0.96±0.42)g/L,(397.3±250.9)cells/μL,(622.7±406.6)cells/μL,(190.7±216.6)cells/μL,以上指标两组间无统计学差异,t值分别为0.15,0.01,0.39,1.90,1.03,0.72,0.65,0.21,P均>0.05。③回顾性研究中有24人次的ABO次侧不相合血小板输注,未观察到急性溶血性输血反应发生。④模拟1治疗量的A型血小板输给B型(或AB型)成人后的红细胞凝集反应结果为阴性;模拟1治疗量的B型血小板输给A型(或AB型)成人后的红细胞凝集反应结果为阴性;模拟1治疗量的O型血小板输给A型(或B型或AB型)成人后的红细胞凝集反应结果为阴性。结论①ABO次侧不相合血小板与ABO同型血小板的临床输注疗效相当。②紧急特殊情况下输注不多于1治疗量ABO次侧不相合血小板未发现急性溶血性输血反应。

显花植物自交不亲和性的分子与演化机制

自交不亲和性(self-incompatibility, SI)是雌雄同花植物广泛采取的一种种内促进异交机制,通常由一个多态且复等位的S位点控制。目前共发现6种不同分子机制的SI,包括由花柱S因子S-RNase和花粉S因子SLFs控制且常见于车前科、茄科、蔷薇科和芸香科的I类、SRK和SCR控制的十字花科II类、PrsS和PrpS控制的罂粟科III类、CYP-GLO2-KFB-CCM-PUM控制的报春花科IV类、TsSPH1-TsYUC6-TsBAHD控制的时钟花科V类及HPS10-S和DUF247I-S控制的禾本科VI类SI,其中I类SI为异己识别体系,而II、III和VI类均为自己识别系统。此外,近年来对其起源和演化机制研究也取得显著进展。其中,I类SI起源于真双子叶植物的最近共同祖先,II~V类则为丢失I类后分别进化产生的新机制,而单子叶禾本科特有的VI类SI则可能是在丢失古老I类SI后演化出的新系统。本文主要总结已报道SI的分子和演化机制,以期为显花植物SI的理论研究和育种应用提供参考和帮助。