Federalism and Euro-Regions in Europe： What Have We Learned From Twenty-Five Years of Cross-Border Cooperation in the Euro-region of Galicia-North Portugal？

The present paper is focused on the analysis of the European building processes from the historical perspective of federalism （from ethnic federalism to current federalism） applied to the current framework of Europeanization and cross-border cooperation in Europe. With the objective of reviewing some of its processes and impacts, an analysis structure has been set, being the main purpose to extract conclusions on the long Europeanization process undertaken by the EU institutions. One of these recent processes reached the consolidation of Euroregions as cross-border cooperation institutions within the framework of multilevel governance. For the main purpose of the paper, the following questions are raised： How has contributed the perspective of federalism to the building of cross-border institutions, namely Euroregions？ After three decades of implementation of the formal cooperation in Europe through institutions as the Euroregions, can it be confirmed that the Eurnregions are consolidated as an institutional benchmark within the cross-border cooperation in Europe （CBC-E）？ In order to answer these questions, a review of the historic perspective of ethnic federalism applied to the classical models of formal cooperation is undertaken. From this historical revision, the development of the Euroregion within the EU will be analyzed. Finally, the present paper is focused on the case study of the cross-border space that are the Autonomous Region of Galician and the Regiao Norte de Portugal, as well as its most important cooperative institution, the Euro-region Galicia-North Portugal.

Spatio-Temporal Dynamic of Land Use in the Dja-Odzala-MinkébéLandscape between Cameroon, Congo and Gabon: Influence on the Evolution of Forest Cover in a Context of Cross-Border Cooperation

This study is being carried out in the cross-border area of the tri-national Dja-Odzala-Minkébé (TRIDOM), subject of a cooperation agreement between Cameroon, Congo and Gabon in 2005. The purpose of this study is to analyze the dynamics of changes in land use in the context of cross-border cooperation. Geographic information systems and remote sensing were used to produce the various land use maps. For this purpose, the MERIS satellite images for the periods 1992, 2005 and 2018 were used. The exploration of the different images and the field visits made it possible to identify the following six land use classes: dense forests, degraded/deforested forests, savannas, swamp forests, buildings and bare soils, water surfaces. It emerges that the TRIDOM landscape is mainly occupied by dense forests which represent 97.02%, 96.72% and 96.52% respectively in 1992, 2005 and 2018. Then, degraded/deforested forests and savannas which would correspond to cultivation areas and fallow land only represent respectively 1.06% and 0.68% of the landscape in 1992. This proportion in 2005 is respectively 1.22% and 0.77%, whereas in 2018, it is respectively 1.36% and 0.81% of the massif. The landscape of TRIDOM has not experienced any significant land use change during the period after the signing of the cooperation agreement. Historical rates of deforestation are low during the period under study. They are estimated at 0.042% and 0.030% respectively for the period 1992-2005 and the period 2005-2018. These low rates of deforestation seem to be due to the measures taken to secure and sustainably manage the massif taken by the three countries, the low population density in this area and the still difficult level of accessibility of a large part of the massif.

S^2 BHCA-Multiple AUVs cooperation oriented control architecture

Oceanographic survey, or other similar applications should be the applications of multiple AUVs. In this paper, the skill & simulation based hybrid control architecture (S2BHCA) as the controller's design reference was proposed. It is a multi-robot cooperation oriented intelligent control architecture based on hybrid ideas. The S2 BHCA attempts to incorporate the virtues of the reactive controller and of the deliberative controller by introducing the concept of the "skill". The additional online task simulation ability for cooperation is supported, too. As an application, a multiple AUV control system was developed with three "skills" for the MCM mission including two different cooperative tasks. The simulation and the sea trials show that simple task expression, fast reaction and better cooperation support can be achieved by realizing the AUV controller based on the S2 BHCA.

Method of distribution and cooperation for electro-optical countermeasures jamming resources

The concept of the method resource is introduced to deal with the cooperative application problem of different electro-optical countermeasure equipments. Based on this concept, a new approach is introduced to distribute the jamming resources of electro-optical countermeasures, and it is used to deploy and manage electro-optical countermeasures resources under the restriction conditions of cooperation and incompatibility disposing. The resource management procedure is formalized by Finite State Machine (FSM). By using the cooperative resource operation system on the basis of multi-agent systems, a complex system with three incompatible swarms is constructed and cooperative operation procedures are demonstrated by simulations.

Research on the implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity among the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation countries

The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation(SCO)is the most extensive and populous comprehensive regional cooperation organization in the world,covering about half of the world's population,with not only a huge consumer market,but also rich natural resources and strong productivity.As one of the important platforms for the implementation of the Green Belt and Road Initiative,it is an important opportunity for the SCO to actively participate in global governance and contribute to building a community of global life.To investigate the status of biodiversity conservation in the SCO countries,we used literature analysis approach.We surveyed the performance and international cooperation status of the SCO countries in the implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity(CBD),listed facing problems and threats to biodiversity conservation,including not optimistic biodiversity conservation project implementation status,contradiction between ecological protection and economic development,impacts of human activities,lack of funds and talents,etc.,and analyzed the biodiversity protection needs of the SCO countries from the perspectives of project and policy implementation status and international cooperation.According to the cooperation between China and the other SCO countries on biodiversity conservation and the post-2020 global biodiversity framework goals,we gave some recommendations:(1)promoting access to genetic resources and benefit-sharing;(2)integrating multiple funds and innovating the implementation of funding mechanism;(3)developing talent training and exchange programs and deepening multilateral cooperation;(4)strengthening cross-border cooperation and improving cooperation network;and(5)establishing a coordination mechanism for biodiversity conservation within the framework of the SCO.

Research on the Construction of China-Europe Cross-border E-com-merce Ecosphere Based on Blockchain Technology

Based on the blockchain technology to construct the relevant research on the China-Europe cross-border e-commerce ecosystem,we must first define the main significance and combine the core technology application of blockchain to explore the blockchain China-Europe cross-border e-commerce ecosystem,thereby drawing effective measures such as establishing a cross-border e-commerce integrated service system,improving e-commerce credit risk management and establishing a blockchain supply chain intelligence system,which comprehensively elaborates on the importance of blockchain technology to build a China-Europe cross-border e-commerce ecosystem.

Innovative Thinking on Architectural Painting Coursework

How to reflect the innovation in students'works depends on the introduction of the theme,the creation of which is the soul of the course work.The innovative thinking of themes is the key point of the course design.Innovation will be directly reflected in the results of students'course works.The presentation form of student works is also the key point of innovation.Students can cooperate to complete a certain scale of combined painting works,which can not only highlight the innovative form of course works,but also improve their cooperation and innovation spirit.As far as the innovation is concerned,continuity is essential.The creation of course work needs to be continued and expanded.Students of each grade continuously create various themes in their course works,which are related to each other.After years of accumulation,the architectural painting course works will be presented as a series of large collections of theme works.

英国国家公园志愿服务管理体系特征

【目的】补充当前对英国国家公园志愿服务管理体系研究的缺失,可为构建中国国家公园志愿服务管理体系提供借鉴与启示。【方法】系统梳理英国国家公园志愿服务管理相关政策文件和资料,采用文本分析法,分析英国国家公园志愿服务管理体系核心特征,针对中国国家公园志愿服务管理现状提出相关建议。【结果】英国国家公园志愿服务管理体系依托国家总体志愿服务管理体系和坚持国家公园管理局领导的基本前提,在构建合作伙伴协同管理体系、提供广泛且多元的志愿服务参与渠道、塑造丰富而深入的志愿服务体验等方面具有独特性。【结论】明确中国国家公园志愿服务管理体系构建的核心定位——体现国家公园全民公益属性重要载体,结合实践从管理组织、志愿者管理、志愿服务管理3个方面提出建议,为中国国家公园志愿服务管理体系的发展提供了理论依据和实践参考。

Practice-oriented Teaching Methods of Chinese Architecture History

Through analyzing problems in the teaching of Chinese architecture history, this paper fi gured out the crucial reasons why history lessons fail to stimulate students' learning enthusiasm, and explored the practice-oriented teaching methods from the perspectives of teaching means, methods and objectives to solve the problems. By introducing such teaching means as visual practices, experience practices and design practices into the teaching of Chinese architecture history, the history course could be united with design course effectively, and become significant theory support and guideline for the architectural design, which will improve the teaching quality of Chinese architecture history comprehensively, stimulate students' learning enthusiasm, and promote their learning effi ciency and achievements.

Theory and Application of Multi-robot Service-oriented Architecture

In order to solve the problem of heterogeneity in multi-robot cooperation, a new service-oriented architecture is proposed for multi-robot cooperation. Service provision and energy consumption are the basic cooperative behaviors. A set of basic concepts of robot service are proposed. A layered multi-robot service-oriented architecture is designed. Finally, the experiments illustrate the superiority of the proposed architecture which makes robot's underlying functional components be transparently encapsulated and the services in upper layer be transparently invoked, which will effectively avoid the impact of heterogeneous characteristics in multi-robot cooperation and facilitate the system construction, expansion, restructuring and maintenance. © 2014 Chinese Association of Automation.

A Collaborative Framework for Mould Design Based on Service-Oriented Architecture

Aiming at improving the traditional object-oriented three-layer architecture for collaborative design, a service-oriented framework for mould design is established by adding a Web service layer to decoupling the direct linking of user interface to functional modules,making the system being platform independent and programming language independent,greatly facilitating the reuse of existing software and hardware resources. .NET technology is adopted to implement the framework. An example scenario is introduced to demonstrate how the system works.

综采液压支架中部跟机多模态人机协同控制系统

我国煤矿智能化综采工作面建设处于初级阶段,液压支架电液控自动化技术已广泛应用,但目前液压支架单一固化的自动化控制逻辑难以适应复杂、多变、动态的工作面生产场景,现场实际控制过程仍大多采用自动化+人工干预方式。针对综采工作面复杂场景中液压支架人机交互协作任务需求,提出液压支架中部跟机多模态人机协同控制系统的理论方法与技术原理。首先,设计了人工式、分工式、批准式、否决式4种人机协同模态,以煤层地质、瓦斯粉尘、采煤机速度、液压支架智能水平、系统状态、岗位工技术水平、任务负荷等为判别因素,构建了基于AOG的液压支架人机协同模态选择模型,实现了人工、机器偏好的模态选择。然后,设计了液压支架中部跟机人机协同控制决策机制,提出液压支架中部跟机再次调控策略AI推理技术思路,利用现场数据学习人工操作经验,分别构建了液压支架是否再次调控决策树分类模型和再次拉架时间贝叶斯回归模型,基于上述模型开发了液压支架人机协同控制决策程序,实现了基于多模态与或推理和再次调控策略AI推理的液压支架人机协同控制。最后,采用云-边-端架构软硬件技术,开发了液压支架多模态人机协同控制系统,实现了模型进化、运算推理、程序执行等液压支架多模态人机协同控制功能。该系统在沙曲二矿3404工作面进行了工业试运行,相比于系统使用前,该工作面液压支架中部跟机效率平均提高2%。

Enhancing Cross-Border Interoperability to Advance International Digitalization Cooperation

This paper delves into the national standards for e-invoices,the seamless integration of fully-digitalized e-invoices with international norms,and the digital identity system,shares the explorations and practices made by China’s tax authorities in cross-border interoperability,and proposes suggestions and outlook for future development.

海外华侨建筑文化遗产的坚守与传承——访谈马来西亚陈耀威建筑师

已故马来西亚华人建筑师陈耀威先生是东南亚华侨建筑保护领域知名专家,曾荣获联合国教科文亚太区文化遗产保护奖。文章基于多次赴马对其进行口述访谈,结合对槟城和马六甲的华侨建筑遗产保护修缮项目的实地考察,进一步梳理陈先生对华侨建筑遗产价值的认知及其保护修复理念的形成发展历程,并就海外华侨社会在不同阶段对建筑遗产守护传承的多元路径展开探讨,指出华侨建筑遗产保护工作对于促进中华文化海外传播的重要意义。

自适应策略优化的粒子群优化算法在神经网络架构搜索中的应用

针对神经网络架构搜索(NAS)任务,提出一种自适应重启策略驱动的协作学习粒子群优化(ARCLPSO)算法。算法核心流程包括协作学习与信息共享、策略切换和参数自适应,以改进传统粒子群优化(PSO)算法在NAS中的性能。ARCLPSO算法结合了全局与局部信息的协同作用和智能切换学习策略。具体地,ARCLPSO利用全局和局部信息的协同作用令粒子向更优的方向移动,通过智能的切换粒子学习策略平衡粒子的搜索性能和收敛速度,提高搜索速度和搜索质量。在NAS-Bench-101数据集上的实验结果表明,ARCLPSO的收敛时间相较于传统进化算法(REA)和随机搜索(RS),分别减少了40.9%和55.2%。

6G星地融合无线网络及关键技术

地面移动通信网络与卫星网络的融合是技术发展的必然趋势。5G非地面网络(NTN)系统已实现星地网络在标准体制层面的融合,在向6G的技术演进中,星地网络将会走向更加深入的融合,包括标准、设备、资源和业务等多个方面。从技术需求和应用场景出发,本文提出星地融合的网络架构,分析星地融合网络的关键技术,并对未来的技术趋势进行展望。

海空跨域协同兵棋AI架构设计及关键技术分析

以深度强化学习为核心的智能博弈技术在游戏领域内的突破和进展为海空兵棋AI的研究提供了借鉴。智能体架构设计是需要解决的关键问题,良好的架构能够降低算法训练的复杂度和难度,加快策略收敛。提出基于随机博弈的海空跨域协同决策博弈模型,分析了相关的均衡解概念;在分析典型智能体框架基础上,针对海空兵棋推演决策博弈过程,提出基于多智能体分层强化学习的智能体双层架构,能够有效解决智能体间协作和维度灾难问题;从兵力协同、智能体网络设计、对手建模和训练机制共4个方面分析了关键技术。期望为海空兵棋AI设计实现提供架构指导。

共享的空间和生活——瑞士苏黎世住房合作社Greencity B3S住宅设计研究和居住体验

随着中国房地产行业降温,住房将有望逐步回归居住属性,也为产权模式和住宅设计类型的探索提供新的契机。20世纪80年代以来,瑞士通过积极促进合作建房模式的发展,提供高质量平价住房,缓解了房地产过热带来的社会问题。本文通过总结笔者在苏黎世住房合作社6年的居住经历,梳理合作建房模式在公平性、合作性、社会性和可持续性方面的贡献,并解读其倡导的“共享空间”和“共享精神”,探讨建筑空间、住宅类型、邻里关系和生活方式之间的关系,希望能为中国房地产行业和居住模式的升级和发展提供新思路。

加拿大国家公园与社区协同保护与发展的经验及启示——以班夫国家公园及其社区为例

如何实现国家公园与社区之间协同保护与发展是中国国家公园体制建设的重难点之一。作为加拿大第一个国家公园,班夫国家公园与班夫镇协同保护与发展的理念和体系对于中国国家公园社区的规划建设与治理体系的构建具有重要的参考价值。在梳理其自上而下的法律法规和规划管理体系基础上,从生态系统保护、文化遗产保护、社区可持续发展、原住民参与机制4个层面总结其特点与经验,结合我国国家公园社区在保护与发展过程中面对的问题提出了保护协同、发展协同和机制协同的具体策略和建议。

基于DoDAF和SysML的潜艇与UUV协同作战概念描述方法

随着UUV等水下无人装备及技术的不断发展,水下无人装备在作战领域逐渐深入,探索潜艇与UUV协同的作战概念对于牵引水下装备发展具有重要意义。基于DoDAF(Department of Defense Architecture Framework)框架和SysML语言(Unified Modeling Language),建立潜艇与UUV协同作战概念描述方法,对潜艇与UUV协同反舰的作战概念进行了顶层、规范化的描述,可为潜艇与UUV协同作战概念研究提供参考。