Access to Financial Services——An Analysis from the Human Rights Perspective

There is a broad connection between finance and human rights,with finance having both positive and negative impacts on human rights.Everyone has a need for access to financial services.Documents in both the international human rights and international finance fields address the relationship between financial services and human rights.Among financial services,microcredit and inclusive finance have the closest connection to human rights and potentially the greatest impact on human rights.Access to financial services promotes economic,social,and cultural rights as well as the rights of specific groups.The conditions for access to financial services to promote human rights require the state to assume obligations to recognize,respect,protect,and fulfill the need for individuals to access financial services,and to ensure the availability,accessibility,acceptability,and adaptability of basic financial services.Access to financial services has played a significant role in China’s comprehensive victory in the battle of poverty alleviation,providing valuable experience for the international community in poverty eradication,achieving sustainable development goals,and protecting and promoting human rights.

Micro,Small,and Medium Enterprises’Cross-Border Business Strategies

This paper explores the operational strategies of cross-border micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs). Against the backdrop of globalization and digitalization, cross-border trade has become one of the important pathways for many MSMEs to achieve growth and competitive advantage. Firstly, the paper outlines the concept and characteristics of cross-border MSMEs, as well as the analysis of their operational environment in the context of globalization, including political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal factors. Secondly, the paper proposes operational strategies for cross-border MSMEs, including international market selection and positioning, cross-border marketing strategies, supply chain management, cross-border financial management, and cross-border risk management. Finally, the paper summarizes the importance of effectively implementing these strategies for cross-border MSMEs to seize international market opportunities, reduce operational risks, and enhance competitiveness and profitability.

Open banking and inclusive finance in the European Union:perspectives from the Dutch stakeholder ecosystem

In the European Union(EU),the revised Payment Services Directive(PSD2)aims to provide more convenient and customized financial products through open banking(OB)platforms.However,little attention has been paid to the role of OB in improving the financial well-being of the growing number of the EU’s underserved groups,which currently constitute approximately a quarter of its population.This study examines how the PSD2 and OB impact inclusive finance in the EU based on the perspectives of the Netherlands’ecosystem,one of the leaders in the EU’s financial technology(FinTech)landscape.A fundamental distinction can be drawn between the OB users and the ecosystem’s players.Regarding the impact of financial services on the users’inclusivity,while the PSD2 strengthens the infrastructure necessary for financial inclusion,many challenges remain,mainly because it was not designed for this purpose.This study identifies several areas of improvement that include adjustments to the know your customer and anti-money laundering processes for underserved customers,innovative ways to communicate the PSD2’s potential,and the regulation of technology providers’activities to build trust.Meanwhile,from the ecosystem’s position,there is a need to strengthen and improve microfinance regulation according to the opportunities provided by the PSD2 to support microfinance institutions(MFIs)in scaling up and reaching underserved clients across borders with innovative services.OB improvements can also be achieved by organizations formed by MFIs and FinTechs in collaboration with banks.Such hybrid institutions will combine the best features of each of them:knowledge of the needs of local underserved clients from MFIs,technological innovations from FinTechs,and large and trusted customer bases,infrastructures,and access to institutional investments and governments from banks.Finally,an EU inclusive OB sector depends on the centrality of trusted regulators as coordination bodies.The PSD2 requires adjustments for underserved populations’specific needs.OB improvements can be achieved by organizations formed by MFIs and Fin-Techs in collaboration with banks.Regulated technical service providers(TSPs)are crucial to building trust and customer adoption in OB.The European Banking Authority(EBA)may function as coordination body to design inclusive rules by engaging with OB stakeholders.As inclusive finance moves into open-finance and data eras,an increasing regulatory complexity and scope will require networks of innovative and trusted regulators.

Price Masking Strategy of Cross-Border E-Commerce Platform Financing

E-commerce platform financing is a new service pattern of supply chain finance.However,this pattern may bring some new issues when considering the problem of cash flow shortage and financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises.When enterprises use this service,they worry about the leakage of preferential wholesale price when applying the full loan amount and providing the true transaction information.Based on the model consisting of a supplier,a retailer and a cross-border e-commerce platform,the authors design a price masking strategy to prevent the retailer’s preferential wholesale price information from leakage.The authors analyze the profit of the retailer and the platform before and after adopting the price masking strategy.The authors find that the price masking strategy always benefits the retailer.Besides,the optimal profit of the retailer and the platform are both affected by the loan interest rate.Moreover,there exists a range of loan interest rates that can benefit both the retailer and the platform if the price masking strategy is adopted.The research emphasizes that platform can expand the total business volume by allowing retailers to use price masking strategy.In other words,there will be more and more retailers attracted by the strategy,which benefits the long-term growth of cross-border e-commerce platform financing.

Web Services在集团财务中的应用开发

面对集团财务系统的异构性和繁杂性,利用Web Services技术设计一种自底向上的解决方案,构建Web服务的逻辑框架,可灵活动态地实现某公司集团财务的系统集成.文中的设计思路在类似集团集成应用中也有较好的借鉴意义.

A joint inventory–finance model for coordinating a capital‑constrained supply chain with financing limitations

Faced with economic recession,firms struggle to find ways to stay competitive and maintain market share.Effective coordination of the supply chain can solve this problem,but this may fail if existing capital constraints and financial flows are ignored.This study addresses the challenge by exploiting coordination through joint decision-making on the physical and financial flows of a capital-constrained supply chain.We also consider the capital-constrained member’s financing limitations that lead to lost sales.Two scenarios based on non-coordinated and coordinated structures are modeled in the form of bi-objective optimization problems that simultaneously optimize system costs and service levels.The models are solved using the -constraint method.The results indicate that the non-coordinated model cannot satisfy more than about 50%of the demand due to capital shortage and financing limitations,while the coordinated model can satisfy all of the demand via internal financing.Furthermore,the proposed coordination scheme leads to cost reduction for the members and the total system.To motivate all members to accept the proposed coordination scheme,a cost-sharing mechanism is applied to the coordination procedure.Finally,a sensitivity analysis concerning financial parameters is provided for validating the coordination model.

Qatar as an Emerging Islamic Finance Hub

The principal objectives of this research are to provide information, commentary, and analysis of the potential opportunities for Qatar in developing its Islamic financial services and industry. This research examines how competitive Qatar is today and its future prospects in Islamic finance. This research provides policy makers and Islamic finance stakeholders with a superior understanding of the role of the key competitive factors in Islamic fmance. It is anticipated that this research will influence the growth and diversification of Islamic financial services in Qatar.

A Case Study on Supply Chain Finance of SF Express

1 History and outlook of the development of supply chain finance The development of supply chain finance goes through four periods,First,supply chain finance 1.0 Version“1+N”mode,offline dominated by banks based on the credit support of the core enterprise“1”in the supply chain finance services for its upstream and downstream enterprises“N”;With the development of Internet technology,the 2.0 Version of supply chain finance came into being.The 2.0 Version is the online version of the“1+N”mode,which connects the supply chain through technical means.Upstream and downstream core companies,banks and other capital providers,logistics service providers,etc.,achieve online business,logistics,capital flow and information flow in the supply chain to supply in time.The enterprises control the risks of financing loans.

数字金融创新有助于促进实体经济高质量发展吗?——基于金融服务效率的机制分析与空间计量

中央金融工作会议强调,坚持把金融服务实体经济作为根本宗旨。数字金融作为数字技术与金融业态融合创新的产物,对提升金融服务效率,支持实体经济高质量发展具有重要意义。基于2011-2021年中国31个省级行政区的平衡面板数据,通过构建实体经济高质量发展指标体系和嵌套空间权重矩阵,运用空间计量模型、动态杜宾模型和中介效应检验方法,实证研究数字金融创新对实体经济高质量发展的直接影响、溢出效应和作用机制,得出:数字金融创新不仅能直接促进本地区实体经济的高质量发展,而且具有正向空间溢出效应,对邻近地区实体经济高质量发展呈现渐进、动态的长期影响。中介效应检验结果表明,提升金融服务效率是数字金融创新促进实体经济高质量发展的主要作用机制。在金融科技创新监管试点地区,数字金融创新对实体经济高质量发展的直接影响、溢出效应和中介效应均明显高于非试点地区。因此,要稳步推进金融科技创新监管试点,优化数字金融业态空间布局,畅通数字金融促进实体经济高质量发展的传导机制。

数字公共服务和金融服务的有机融合:数字普惠金融发展的一种路径

乡村公共服务数字化转型在当前实践中集中表现为数字公共服务平台对乡村社会生活的嵌入,这一嵌入过程促进了数字公共服务和金融服务的相互关联。数字公共服务平台整合多方数据且基于对乡村居民公共生活进行数字孪生的技术特性,具有削弱信息不对称、普及基础金融服务、降低金融交易成本、增加金融产品可及性与针对性的应用潜力。论文通过梳理乡村数字公共服务平台的典型特征,以此为脉络结合供需视角研究数字化公共服务对农村普惠金融的影响,并探讨农村普惠金融发展对乡村公共服务数字化转型的反哺效应。研究认为,在适当的政策设计下,数字公共服务与金融服务的有机融合,可以成为促进数字普惠金融发展的一种路径。

健全农村金融服务体系:关键领域、优化思路与着力重点

健全农村金融服务体系是加快构建新发展格局、着力推动乡村振兴战略实施的重要内容。当前,我国农村金融需求类型呈现多层次、多元化、差异化特征,金融服务面临金融产品供给与金融需求的结构性错配问题,要求农村金融服务体系进一步健全和完善。与此同时,全面推进乡村振兴战略又要求农村金融服务体系践行普惠金融、适应新金融需求和承担社会责任。在此背景下,健全农村金融服务体系需要正视信贷、保险、支付、理财、担保“五大关键领域”的发展现状和存在问题,明确“五大关键领域”产品创新的重点,理性处理农村金融产品的普适性与差异性关系、创新金融产品与传统金融产品的关系、金融机构盈利性与社会性的关系“三对关系”,进而通过强化农村信贷供给提高农业经营主体信贷可得性,完善农业保险构建包容性风险管理和风险融资体系,创新支付产品破除农村数字支付障碍,创新农村理财新模式满足农民理财需求,优化农业担保模式实现业务与规模平衡。

我国养老产业发展“拐点”研判——基于多案例研究的典型事实

随着人口老龄化进程加速,我国的养老需求结构正在从生存型向发展型转变,这将为养老产业的发展带来广阔的市场空间,但当前我国养老产业发展相对滞后,仍面临严重的发展困境。我国养老产业发展的“拐点”何时到来?为回答好这个问题,本文以案例研究和实证分析相结合的研究框架,首先,以法、德、日、美四国为例,系统梳理其养老产业发展历程,总结归纳出养老产业发展“拐点”出现的共性特征;其次,聚焦日本养老产业发展轨迹,重点关注其介护险实施前后养老产业相关重要指标变化;最后,选取九个养老产业相关指标,基于指数平滑、灰色模型等方法对中国养老产业未来情况进行预测,并与日本可比时期指标情况进行比较,判断中国养老产业“拐点”出现的可能时间。研究发现:养老产业发展“拐点”的出现具有四个共性特征,分别是三支柱养老金体系改革、长护险制度全面实施、多元化服务助推医养结合、代际转换背后的产业增量机会,而中国养老产业发展“拐点”可能出现的窗口期将在2026—2030年间。

数字经济发展对生产性服务业全球价值链韧性的影响

数字经济迅猛发展,在推动全球服务贸易格局转变的同时,促进我国生产性服务业全球价值链韧性增强。选取2012—2021年ADB MRIO数据库中62个国家样本数据,从互联网发展、数字普惠金融发展与数字技术应用三重视角出发,验证数字经济发展对生产性服务业全球价值链韧性的影响。结果发现:①数字经济发展水平提升能显著增强各国生产性服务业全球价值链韧性,其中数字技术应用的作用效果更显著,在经过一系列稳健性与内生性检验后结论依然成立;②服务贸易自由化与要素一体化是数字经济发展增强生产性服务业全球价值链韧性的重要途径;③数字经济发展对生产性服务业全球价值链韧性的影响因行业生命周期和目的国(地区)不同而存在较大差异。最后,提出完善数字经济法律制度、积极推动服务贸易自由化、加快要素市场一体化改革等政策建议,可为数字经济发展赋能生产性服务业全球价值链韧性提升提供理论支撑。

服务型制造能缓解企业的融资约束吗?——基于准自然实验的分析

服务型制造是基于“服务化”等概念而提出的一个具有中国特色的概念,是我国推进先进制造业和现代服务业深度融合的重要方向。以服务型制造示范遴选工作为准自然实验,采用PSM-DID方法研究了服务型制造对企业融资约束的缓解效果及其作用机制。结果发现:服务型制造能够缓解企业的融资约束,且该结论具有稳健性;服务型制造通过改善生产效率、提升企业绩效和强化企业创新渠道发挥作用,且效果受到地理区位、行业竞争以及企业所有权性质等异质性因素的影响。

中国社会医疗保险制度未来发展的挑战与创新建议

中国社会医疗保险制度发展至今,已覆盖了95%以上的人口,筹资和报销待遇都达到了与国民经济所处的中等收入国家地位相称的水平,但也存在不同人群待遇相差悬殊、医保基金使用效率不高的问题。未来需要从实现公平的国民待遇、进行科学的医保筹资规划、制定统一的医疗服务价格、设计合理的医保报销政策、明确划分中央与地方政府的职责等方面,正视挑战,创新发展,避免医保制度发展的中等收入陷阱。

农村金融助力新质生产力发展:内在逻辑、现实挑战与实现路径

因地制宜发展新质生产力,对推进农业产业转型升级,助力农业强国目标具有重要意义。农村金融体系作为涉农产业的资源配置手段,在其中发挥着重要作用。农村金融体系通过支持农业科技创新、推动农业现代化进程、促进生产要素协同发展这三条路径,培育并促进新质生产力发展。但是当前农村金融体系存在一系列不足,如支持农业科技创新方面渠道不足、促进农业规模化生产和生产要素协同作用较弱、风险管理方面风险分摊机制不健全。针对这些问题和难点,提出了一系列聚焦农村金融体系服务新质生产力发展的着力点:一是拓宽新质生产力融资渠道,提升对农业科技企业的金融服务质量和效率;二是以农村金融手段强化农业生产要素之间的协同作用,推动新质生产力实现高效整合;三是提升农村金融产品对农业生产风险的保障水平,强化金融风险管理能力。

科技金融、经济高质量发展与共同富裕——基于门槛效应的实证分析

科技金融作为促进创新要素深度融合的一种新型经济范式,能够助推经济高质量发展与共同富裕的实现。在理论分析的基础上,运用熵值法计算我国2006—2021年的30个省区市的共同富裕指数与经济高质量发展水平,利用超效率DEA测算科技金融效率值,并采用固定效应和门槛效应模型检验科技金融与共同富裕间的关系,研究表明:科技金融与共同富裕间存在着“U”型关系,0.438为科技金融效率的拐点值;经济高质量发展在科技金融与共同富裕的关系中呈现双门槛效应,当经济高质量发展水平跨越第二门槛值0.155,科技金融对共同富裕的影响由负转正。从优化科技金融投入、加快科技金融产出、提供差异化政策、合理调整产业结构、健全保障机制方面为实现共同富裕提出建议。

农村高龄失能老年人居家照护现状、发展困境与政策体系优化

失能老年人是整个养老服务体系中社会需求迫切、对技术要求高、服务难度大的群体之一。在人口老龄化趋向高龄化、失能风险加剧背景下,如何加强失能老年人照护服务有效供给日益成为重要的社会议题。本文结合民政部政策研究中心2020年8至9月在山东和浙江两省针对农村失能老年人采集的调查数据,分析农村高龄失能老年人居家照护现状和发展困境,为积极应对人口老龄化、改善该群体照护效果提供参考依据。研究发现,九成以上的农村高龄失能老年人愿意在家接受照护服务,但该群体医疗护理服务、精神慰藉服务“需求-供给”缺口较大。长时间、高强度的照护工作使得重度失能家庭照护者承受身心健康、经济方面、社会生活维度的多重负担,而我国尚未建立起成熟完善的居家和社区照护服务体系。基于此,本文认为,未来养老服务体系优化应以破解农村高龄失能老年人照护服务筹资瓶颈为重点,探索打造多元协同、可持续的失能照护服务保障机制。

融资能力、偿债能力与房地产企业违约风险--基于房企实际违约事件的实证分析

试从投资者的角度出发,使用2017年以来房地产行业的实际违约信息,以2017—2022年A股及港股上市的139家房地产公司为研究样本,研究企业融资能力、偿债能力对房地产企业违约风险的影响。实证研究发现,企业的融资能力、短期偿债能力、长期偿债能力对房企违约风险具有显著影响。具体地,反映融资能力的综合融资成本上升会显著增加房地产企业违约风险,短期偿债能力与长期偿债能力的提升则有利于降低违约风险。此外,非国有企业对融资能力和短期偿债能力更为敏感。希望能够对投资者的决策选择,房地产金融风险调控的政策选择以及评级机构的模型选择提供新视角和实证证据。

财务共享服务视域下中小企业业财融合的策略研究

在大数据时代,中小企业应抓住信息技术变革给财务变革带来的机遇,探索财务管理与企业各项经营管理活动的融合路径,加速财务转型,实现中小企业财务管理战略目标。文章首先界定财务共享、业财融合内涵,通过问卷访谈了解中小企业管理需求,剖析财务共享下中小企业业财融合发展中存在的问题并提出对策,旨在为中小企业实施业财融合提供思路。