Cross-Cultural Adjustment and Coping:U.S.Students in Taiwan Residents Higher Education

The aim of this study was to investigate the adjustment problems of students from the United States enrolled in universities in the East,specifically in Taiwan,their problems related to cultural adaptation,and the process of adjustment to student life in Taiwan.Under investigation were cultural adjustment and coping skills as these students transitioned from West to East.Qualitative data were collected from interviews with participants and faculty members as well as participant observations.Results indicated that U.S.students found their own ways to acclimate to their new academic setting as well as to social relations,cross-cultural issues,and the linguistic environment in Taiwan to achieve effective adaptation.They made changes in themselves to cope with all situations they encountered.This study provides suggestions for international students abroad in Taiwan,for the Taiwan Residents government,and for universities or colleges in terms of what they should offer to current and future international students.

On the Understanding of Cross-cultural Adaptation

This paper puts its emphasis on the process of cross-cultural adaptation from a theoretical perspective.First,the term cross-cultural adaptation will be interpreted.Second,the process of cross-cultural adaptation during which enculturation,acculturation,assimilation and deculturation may occur,is going to be discussed.Finally,some possible strategies for effective cross-cultural adaptation will be probed in the hope of making intercultural communication a less stressful and more positive and enjoyable experience.

Cross-cultural adaptation of the Management of Aggression and Violence Attitude Scale for nurse in emergency department

Objective: To follow the guidelines of intercultural adaptation provided by the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons’(AAOS) Evidence-Based Medicine Committee, translating the original scale and evaluating the reliability and validity, and then to compile the Chinese version of the Management of Aggression and Violence Attitude Scale (MAVAS) for nurses in emergency room in the mainland of China. Methods: This study consists of two phases of testing:(1) translation: forward translation, synthesis, back translation, expert committee review, and pretesting;(2) psychometric properties: content and construct validity, internal consistency, and test–retest reliability. Results: The Chinese version of MAVAS and the original version showed excellent similarities and equivalence. The average Scalelevel Content Validity Index was 0.904, and the Item-level Content Validity Index ranged from 0.80 to 1.00. The construct validity was tested using confirmatory factor analysis by LISREL 8.7;χ2/df of the scale was 4.781<5, NFI, NNFI, CFI, IFI>0.90, indicating that the scale’s factor structure model fitted better. The internal consistency was satisfactory (scale, Cronbach’s α=0.94;subscales, Cronbach’s α=0.74–0.90), and the test–retest reliability over 2 weeks was good (scale, Pearson’s coefficient=0.996;subscales, Pearson’s coefficient=0.801–0.963). Conclusions: The Chinese version of MAVAS had an excellent feasibility. It was found to be a valid and reliable tool to assess nurses’ attitude toward patients’ violence in emergency department.

Physiological, Anatomical, Psychological and Cultural-Ethnic Aspects of Indian Students Adaptation during Study in Kyrgyzstan Medical Universities

This article is investigating the comparative analysis of anatomical, physiological, and psycho-emotional adaptation indicators of 100 male and 100 female first-year students of the international medical faculty in Osh, Kyrgyzstan. Control groups have consisted of 100 male and 100 female local students of the same age, residing in the Osh city and region. Anthropometry is determined by 50 indicators, such as bio-impedance analysis of body composition, functional tests with exercise, and breathe holding. In addition, the girls underwent an assessment of sexual development according to Tyner. The psychological state was assessed using the Lüschers color test and Spielberger’s questionnaire. The features of anthropometric indicators for students from India are shown as a shorter length of the body, shoulder, and legs, greater waist coverage, an increase in the thickness of the skin folds of the abdomen, increased fat mass and delayed sexual development, anxiety, frequent and longer colds. Functional tests for breath holding and physical activity revealed less reserve capacity in foreign students. This requires the development of rehabilitation programs for foreign students, starting from the first year.

Exposure to Intimate Partner Violence, Core Self-Evaluations, and Psychological Adaptation of Chinese Adolescents

This study aimed to investigate the link between the exposure to intimate partner violence(IPV),core self-evaluations(CSE),and psychological adaptation of Chinese adolescents,through analysis of the results from the Survey of Children’s Exposure to Domestic Violence Scale,Core Self-Evaluations Scale,and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire,involving a total of 597 Chinese middle school students.It is indicated that the exposure to IPV is positively correlated with lower levels of psychological adaptation and CSE,and CSE is positively correlated with higher levels of psychological adaptation.Mediation analysis revealed that CSE partially mediated the association between the exposure to IPV and psychological adaptation.These results suggest that educators and parents should help adolescents tackle their emotional and behavioral problems by reducing the risk of IPV exposure and increasing their CSE.

Evaluation of the Translation,Cross-cultural Adaptation and Properties of Measurement of the FACT-BMT Questionnaire

Various questionnaires have been described which evaluate the quality of life in patients undergoing cancer treatment,but most were originally developed in English and have not been adequately validated for other languages.To evaluate the process of translation and cross-cultural adaptation and the measurement properties of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Bone Marrow Transplantation(FACT-BMT)questionnaire,a systematic review was conducted with two independent evaluators.The search for articles was carried out in four databases:MEDLINE,EMBASE,CINAHL and SCIELO,using the terms“questionnaire”,“quality of life”,“oncology”,and“valid”and their descriptors according to MeSH and DeCs.The searches yielded 6,877 studies,of which only three performed the stages of translation,cross-cultural adaptation,and evaluation of the measurement properties of the FACT-BMT questionnaire.The instruments in Arabic,Chinese,Korean and Portuguese showed and presented good methodological quality,but none of the four studies followed all the validation criteria for the questionnaire.The adapted versions of the FACT-BMT have methodological weaknesses in their process of translation and cross-cultural adaptation and evaluation of measurement properties,therefore the questionnaires possibly being used inadequately in other languages.

Cross-cultural Adaptation Analysis and Countermeasures of Overseas Chinese Students——Take University of Lincoln as an Example

This paper is an exploratory,empirical study of the Cross-Cultural Adaptation(CCA)issues of Overseas Chinese Stu⁃dents(OCS)studying at the University of Lincoln.The project identifies OCS own language proficiency,motivation of studying abroad and intercultural adaptation attitudes and strategies as the main influencing factors in students’CCA.Research methods in⁃clude Language class observation,a questionnaire survey and interviews.Additional data collection methods include using network communication tools to conduct interviews with OCS,such as Wechat,QQ,Skype and e-mail etc.Further analysis of its causes makes a meaningful contribution to practical strategies and suggestions on how to better develop and cultivate cross-cultural adapt⁃ability.

Problems and Strategies:A Study of Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Chinese Undergraduates in the Philippines

Investigating the intercultural adaptation of Chinese undergraduates in the Philippines provides an effective example of bridging the gap between theories of intercultural adaptation.A questionnaire and interviews were conducted to explore the problems and challenges faced by Chinese undergraduates in the Philippines,thereby providing some first-hand information for subsequent studies on cultural adaptation.Chinese undergraduates in the Philippines faced four main challenges,namely interpersonal communication,living environment,social services,and course study.As coping strategies,four suggestions are presented,including cultural integration,life experience,bridge building,and rational docking.

Adaptive Method for State Estimation of Sound Environment System with Uncertainty and its Application to Psychological Evaluation

The actual sound environment system exhibits various types of linear and non-linear characteristics, and it often contains uncertainty. Furthermore, the observations in the sound environment are often in the level-quantized form. In this paper, two types of methods for estimating the specific signal for sound envi-ronment systems with uncertainty and the quantized observation are proposed by introducing newly a system model of the conditional probability type and moment statistics of fuzzy events. The effectiveness of the proposed theoretical methods is confirmed by applying them to the actual problem of psychological evalua-tion for the sound environment.

Increase in the functional capacity and quality of life among stroke patients by family caregiver empowerment program based on adaptation model

Purpose:The family caregiver's role is an important influence factor of patient's adaptation behaviour and quality of life after stroke.The purpose of this research was to identify the effect of caregiver empowerment program based on the adaptation model(CEP-BAM)on functional capacity and quality of life of patients after stroke.Methods:This research was a quasi-experimental research with a pre-and post-test control group design.The total participants who completed the research were 80 patients and their families,40 participants in the intervention group and 40 participants in the control group.We conducted home visits to perform the intervention.The measurement of functional capacity and quality of life performed four times(pre-test and three times post-test).Data analysis was performed using the repeated measurement ANOVA or general linear model repeated measure(GLM-RM).Results:This research proves a significant difference in functional capacity and quality of life between the two groups and between pre-test and sixth months after intervention(P<0.05).The quality of life of the intervention group in the sixth month after intervention was better than that of the control group(33.40±3.65 vs 30.60±2.78)with a significant difference(P<0.05).Conclusion:It is concluded that CEP-BAM effectively increased patients'functional capacity and quality of life after a stroke in the sixth month after intervention.

Research on the Physiological and Psychological Ability Indexes of Coal Tunneling Workers

Studies have shown that accidents caused by human error account for 70-80% of the total number of accidents,and are the primary cause of casualties.In order to reduce the risk of safety accidents and reduce the human-caused accident rate,the evaluation index of safety occupational adaptability of coal excavation workers has been studied.Questionnaire survey method was used to conduct 13 physical and psychological abilities tests on 50 coal tunneling workers,and select the core ability indicators that reflect the mental load of the workers and the individual priority allocation of psychological resources.Secondly,using the Delphi method and the quartile method,the opinions of 20 experts in related fields were sought anonymously,and the main physical and mental ability indicators were screened and filtered through scoring methods.Finally,six indicators of"accuracy,attention,rapid response ability,proficiency,judgment,and foresight" were determined as the main physical and psychological indicators of coal tunneling workers.This study fills up the gap of safety occupational adaptability in the field of mining construction,and has important theoretical value and practical significance.

脑卒中病人配偶照顾者出院过渡期心理适应水平及其影响因素

目的:调查脑卒中病人配偶照顾者出院过渡期的心理适应水平,分析其影响因素。方法:采用一般情况调查表、心理适应量表(PAS)、中文版Connor-Davidson心理韧性量表(CD-RISC-25)和相依关系量表(MS)对237例脑卒中病人配偶照顾者于出院前后进行调查。结果:出院前1 d及出院后1、3、6个月脑卒中病人配偶照顾者PAS得分分别为60(52,68)分、61(53,70)分、67(57,76)分、72(61,80)分。广义估计方程结果显示,男性配偶、配偶有照顾经验、配偶高相依关系及高心理韧性是脑卒中病人配偶照顾者PAS得分的保护因素,家庭经济负担是脑卒中病人配偶照顾者PAS得分的危险因素。结论:脑卒中病人配偶照顾者心理适应水平在出院后呈上升发展趋势,应提升配偶照顾者的相依关系及心理韧性,以改善其心理适应状况。

孤独症谱系障碍患儿父母心理适应与心理弹性及自我效能的关系

目的探讨孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)患儿父母心理适应与心理弹性及自我效能的关系。方法通过随机取样法选取2021年10月至2022年4月期间在郑州大学第三附属医院接受治疗的316例ASD患儿及其父亲或母亲316名作为研究对象。采用一般资料调查问卷、心理适应量表(PAS)、心理弹性量表(CD-RISC)以及一般自我效能感量表(GSES)对所有ASD患儿父亲或母亲进行调查,应用Spearman相关性分析法评价ASD患儿父亲或母亲心理适应与心理弹性及自我效能的关系,采用多元线性回归分析ASD患儿父亲或母亲心理适应的影响因素。结果ASD患儿父亲或母亲PAS量表总分为(59.71±6.38)分、CD-RISC量表总分为(62.44±5.87)分、GSES量表总分为(20.45±4.16)分;Spearman相关性分析法分析结果显示,ASD患儿父亲或母亲PAS量表各维度得分及总分与CD-RISC量表各维度得分及总分、GSES量表总分均呈正相关(P<0.05);多元线性回归分析结果显示,心理弹性、自我效能、与患儿关系、父亲或母亲年龄均是ASD患儿父亲或母亲心理适应的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论ASD患儿父亲或母亲心理适应、心理弹性、自我效能处于中等水平,心理弹性、自我效能、与患儿关系、父亲或母亲年龄是ASD患儿父亲或母亲心理适应的影响因素,临床应加强对影响因素的关注并采取有效干预,提升ASD患儿父亲或母亲心理适应水平。

帕金森病照顾者心理适应现况调查分析与对策

目的通过调查分析帕金森病照顾者心理适应现况,分析其影响因素,提出改进对策,提升帕金森病照顾者的心理适应能力,提高帕金森患者的生活质量。方法2022年1月—2023年1月采用心理适应量表、汉化的帕金森病照顾者负担量表、照顾者准备度量表对厦门大学附属第一医院神经内科104名帕金森病照顾者进行调查,并进行统计分析,了解帕金森病照顾者心理适应现况并提出改进措施。结果帕金森病照顾者心理适应得分为(66.04±8.06)分,照顾者负担得分为(56.51±7.59)分,准备度得分为(22.38±4.79)分;帕金森病照顾者不同文化程度、经济情况的心理适应水平得分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。帕金森病照顾者心理适应与照顾者负担呈负相关(r=-0.569,P<0.05),与照顾者准备度呈正相关(r=0.501,P<0.05)。结论医护人员要重视帕金森病照顾者的心理适应状态,对照顾负担重、照顾准备度差、文化程度低、经济情况差的照顾者分析其照护负担的原因并提供心理疏导,提升照顾者的心理适应能力,并提供帕金森病照护知识指导,从而提高照顾者的照顾能力,提高帕金森患者的生活质量。

集束化护理模式在肿瘤患者植入式上臂静脉港维护中的应用效果

目的分析集束化护理模式在肿瘤患者植入式上臂静脉港维护中的应用效果。方法收集2021年1月至2022年6月收治的植入式上臂静脉港肿瘤患者76例,根据随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组38例。对照组静脉港维护中给予常规护理,观察组给予集束化护理模式,对比2组患者的并发症发生情况、心理适应能力、生命质量及满意度。结果观察组患者中并发症发生率为5.26%低于对照组的21.05%(P<0.05);观察组患者的简明癌症患者心理适应问卷(Mini-Mac-19)评分低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组患者的中文版癌症患者生命质量通用量表(FACT-G)评分高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组患者对护理工作的满意率是97.37%高于对照组的81.58%(P<0.05)。结论集束化护理模式在肿瘤患者植入式上臂静脉港维护中的应用可取得显著效果,不仅能有效预防并发症,增强患者心理适应能力,而且还能提高其生命质量及满意度,值得临床推广应用。

新时期来华东盟留学生跨文化适应障碍与路径

在“一带一路”倡议下,东盟留学生来中国留学的规模日益庞大,这对我国高校留学生教育与管理是一个新的挑战。该文从来华东盟留学生的教育情况和生活现状出发,结合跨文化适应理论,阐述来华东盟留学生在社会文化、心理和学术适应方面的障碍表现。在此基础上,该文提出推进汉语与专业教学改革、加强中华历史文化教育、使用新媒体促进双方沟通、开展多层面社会实践活动、利用大数据提供精准帮扶、提升管理队伍国际视野与服务水平六大措施,以期为相关部门和教学人员提供帮助,对来华东盟留学生解决跨文化适应障碍问题、融入中华优秀传统文化有着积极意义。

适应-系统双模式下心理护理对甲状腺全切除手术患者的负性情绪与依从性的影响

目的探讨针对行甲状腺全切除手术的患者,予以常规护理基础上实施适应-系统双模式心理护理措施,观察分析对患者负性情绪以及依从性的影响。方法此次研究时段选取在2020年1月至2023年12月,从本院选取临床需要行甲状腺全切除手术患者80例作为本次研究目标群体,将其依据计算机内随机分组,分为两组即对照组(涵括40例,实施常规护理模式)与观察组(涵括40例,在常规模式上予以实施适应-系统双模式心理护理模式),就两组患者的心理情绪、护理依从性、生活质量、并发症率施以对比。结果观察组的焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分以及并发症发生率均低于对照组(均P<0.05);护理后,观察组精神状态、躯体功能、物质生活、周围环境等生活质量各项评分以及患者总依从率均高于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论对行甲状腺全切除手术的患者,予以常规护理基础上实施适应-系统双模式心理护理措施,可有效改善患者的负性情绪,提高其护理依从性,生活质量得到提升,且护理期间的并发症发生更少。

旅游驱动型传统村落居民文化适应的过程机理与整合路径研究

基于文献梳理及长期实地调研经验积累,提炼总结了旅游驱动型传统村落居民文化适应的过程机理,并根植积极心理学探讨文化适应的整合路径,结果表明:1)结合城乡关系演变的时代背景及“U型”曲线理论,可研判旅游驱动型传统村落居民文化适应的过程机理。外来文化进入期,居民外在行动积极配合,内在感知具有外来文化偏向和发展期待;文化碰撞调适期,居民外在行动上文化冲突与矛盾频发,引起内在心理负面情绪及文化同化;文化整合期,目标为经历磨合后居民在外在行为上积极主动配合,能传承自身文化并寻求进步,内在感知上心理满意度不断提高,拥有文化自信和积极开放的文化认知。2)援借积极心理学研究理念,基于过程机理的不同阶段,提出传统村落居民文化适应的整合路径。从政府的宏观调控、多元主体协调及预防监督机制3方面创建积极的社会组织系统;从跨文化互动技能、主人翁观念以及灵活开放的文化认知3方面塑造积极的人格特质系统;从文化认同、游客正向凝视和社区关怀3方面营造积极的情感体验系统。

基于领域对比自适应模型的大学生焦虑心理分析

焦虑心理检测任务是利用自然语言处理技术对用户在社交媒体上发布的内容进行分析。为了促进对高校学生焦虑心理检测的研究,开发了一个微博数据集。针对数据集标注成本高等问题,从无监督的角度对突发公共卫生事件背景下的零样本数据进行分析,提出了基于领域对比学习的自适应模型(DAN-CL)。DANCL基于预训练语言模型,将源域文本和目标域文本输入到结合知识蒸馏的对抗网络中进行领域自适应训练,实现模型的知识迁移,并采用对比学习方法提高模型的泛化能力。基准实验结果表明,DAN-CL的性能优于现存的对比模型,消融实验进一步证明了模型中不同部分的有效性。对高校学生的心理状况进行分析,发现其心理焦虑变化情况与突发性公共卫生事件变化的趋势是一致的,受疾病发展与周围环境的影响其焦虑水平显著升高。对焦虑产生的原因进行具体分析并提出对策,为突发性公共卫生事件下以及后时代应对大学生的心理健康挑战提供理论支持。

癌症患者适应能力指数的汉化及信效度检验

目的 汉化并验证癌症患者适应能力指数,为评估晚期患者癌症相关疲劳适应能力提供测评工具。方法经翻译、专家函询、跨文化调试及预试验形成中文版测评工具。邀请7名专家进行内容效度检验;对421例晚期癌症患者问卷调查,进行项目分析、内在一致性分析、结构效度分析;选取30例晚期癌症患者在2周后进行重测,以检验测评工具的重测信度。结果 形成的中文版癌症患者适应能力指数包括认知功能、耐力与肌肉耐力、情感反应、社会互动、睡眠质量5个维度,共30个条目。探索性因子分析共提取的5个公因子累计方差贡献率为80.942%;验证性因子分析结果显示,测评工具拟合指数均达到适配标准(χ^(2)/df=2.400、GFI=0.784、NFI=0.863、RFI=0.845、IFI=0.915、TLI=0.903、CFI=0.914、PNFI=0.764);量表层面的内容效度指数为0.993,条目水平的内容效度指数为0.8~1.0;中文版测评工具Cronbach's α系数为0.853,重测信度为0.807。结论 中文版癌症患者适应能力指数具有良好的信效度,可作为我国晚期癌症患者癌症相关疲劳适应能力的测评工具。