Cross-media analysis and reasoning: advances and directions

Cross-media analysis and reasoning is an active research area in computer science, and a promising direction for artificial intelligence. However, to the best of our knowledge, no existing work has summarized the state-of-the-art methods for cross-media analysis and reasoning or presented advances, challenges, and future directions for the field. To address these issues, we provide an overview as follows： （1） theory and model for cross-media uniform representation; （2） cross-media correlation understanding and deep mining; （3） cross-media knowledge graph construction and learning methodologies; （4） cross-media knowledge evolution and reasoning; （5） cross-media description and generation; （6） cross-media intelligent engines; and （7） cross-media intelligent applications. By presenting approaches, advances, and future directions in cross-media analysis and reasoning, our goal is not only to draw more attention to the state-of-the-art advances in the field, but also to provide technical insights by discussing the challenges and research directions in these areas.

Historical Changes of Ningxia Natural Disasters and Its Reason Analysis

A quantitative model is built and the historical variation of natural disasters is analyzed in this paper,by using materials as affected area(damaged area),affected population(dead and injured),casualty of livestock,collapsed houses(damaged houses),decrease of crops yield,economic loss(direct and indirect) and price index over the same period of Ningxia natural disasters(include drought,flood,gale and hail,frost,pest disasters and other disasters) during 1978-2007,and applying gray correlation analysis method.The long-term changes trend of natural disasters is analyzed by the application of the least squares method for linear trend,and the oscillation period is analyzed by using the maximum entropy statistical method.It is found that natural disasters have basically 2 to 3 years of variation period either in the whole region or in the individual regions;from the mid 1980s to the late 1990s,Ningxia is in an oscillation period with disasters attacked frequently in decadal and interannual scale under the background of climate;the increase of damage intensity of natural disasters slow down and tends to decrease since 2000.

Analysis on the Reason of Local Heavy Rainstorm Forecast Error in the Subtropical High Control

[Objective] The research aimed to study the reason of local heavy rainstorm forecast error in the subtropical high control. [Method] Started from summarizing the reason of forecast error, by using the conventional ground observation data, the upper air sounding data, T639, T213 and European Center (ECMWF) numerical prediction product data, GFS precipitation forecast product of U.S. National Center for Environmental Prediction, the weather situation, physical quantity field in a heavy rainstorm process which happened in the north of Shaoyang at night on August 5, 2010 were fully analyzed. Based on the numerical analysis forecast product data, the reason of heavy rainstorm forecast error in the subtropical high was comprehensively analyzed by using the comparison and analysis method of forecast and actual situation. [Result] The forecasters didn’t deeply and carefully analyze the weather situation. On the surface, 500 hPa was controlled by the subtropical high, but there was the weak shear line in 700 and 850 hPa. Moreover, they neglected the influences of weak cold air and easterlies wave. The subtropical high quickly weakened, and the system adjustment was too quick. The wind field variations in 850, 700 and 500 hPa which were forecasted by ECMWF had the big error with the actual situation. It was by east about 2 longitudes than the actual situation. In summer forecast, they only considered the intensity and position variations of 500 hPa subtropical high, and neglected the situation variations in the middle, low levels and on the ground. It was the most key element which caused the rainstorm forecast error in the subtropical high. The forecast error of numerical forecast products on the height field situation variation was big. The precipitation forecasts of Japan FSAS, U.S. National Center for Environmental Prediction GFS, T639 and T213 were all small. The humidity field forecast value of T639 was small. In the rainstorm forecast, the local rainstorm forecast index and method weren’t used in the forecast practice. In the precipitation forecast process, they only paid attention to the score prediction of station and didn’t value the non-site prediction. Some important physical quantity factors weren’t carefully studied. [Conclusion] The research provided the reference basis for the forecast and early warning of local heavy rainstorm.

Research on Loose Reason of Fixing Bolt of Step Connector based on Finite Element Analysis

There are two connection modes between escalator step and step drive chain of outer roller,connector type A and type B.Connector type B after a period of running was found that the fixing bolt on the connector has loosened,which causes safety risks.In order to eliminate this security issue,the finite element modeling is proposed to analyze the relationship between the force generated by the connector type A or type B during the step band running and the assembly clearance or the assembly mode.So as to find out the root cause of fixing bolt loosening phenomenon,by redesigning the assembly clearance between the connector shaft and the chain hole,the fixing bolt of the connector is prevented from loosening during the step band running,ensuring the safe operation of escalators to avoid injury accidents.

Formation Reason Analysis and Defense Countermeasure of Rare Frozen Disaster in Guizhou in 2008

[Objective] The research aimed to discuss the formation reason of low temperature and frozen disaster weather event in Guizhou in 2008.[Method] By using T213,ECMWF numerical forecast data and the conventional meteorological observation data which were provided by MICAPS,according to the variation situations of frozen rain,freezing,road freezing and ground surface 0 ℃ line range,the weather situation evolution characteristic of low temperature and frozen weather process (congelation for short) in Guizhou from January 13 to February 15,2008 was analyzed.The formation reason of low temperature and frozen disaster weather event in Guizhou was discussed,and the defense countermeasure was put forward.[Result] The low temperature and frozen weather process happened when the continuous precipitation was caused by that every scale weather system intersected in Guizhou under the abnormal atmospheric circulation background.East Asian inverted Ω flow type in the northern hemisphere made that the atmospheric circulation stabilized for a long time,and the north branch frontal zone was by south.The polar cold air continued to complement and went south to affect Jiangnan,South China.The south branch westerly fluctuation was active,and the frontal zone intensity of stationary front was big,which maintained for a long time.850 hPa shear line in the low level maintained to swing in the junction of Guangxi and Guizhou,Hunan.The southwest warm and wet airflow continued transporting to the south of China.The cold and warm air intersected in South China,which caused the long-time precipitation in Guizhou.The thermal inversion layer was deep and thick.The long-time precipitation based generally on the light rain.It was easy to form the supercooled water droplet.The verglas range expanded from Guizhou,the south of Hunan to the north of Guangxi.The frozen rain and frozen weather caused the long-time road and wire freezing.The disaster was serious.The ground surface temperature 0 ℃ line covered the cold mountain area in the whole province for a long time.The ground surface freezing was difficult to melt,and the low temperature and frozen weather affected Guizhou for a long time.[Conclusion] The research accumulated the experience for the disaster prevention and reduction of such weather.

Analysis on Formation Reason of a Local Heavy Rainstorm in Linyi Area

[Objective] The research aimed to study formation reason of a local heavy rainstorm process in Linyi from night on August 3 to early morning on 4th, 2010. [Method] Based on MICAPS weather chart, actual situation data of NECP analysis field, data of automatic encryption station and Doppler radar product, a local heavy rainstorm and extra heavy rainstorm process in Linyi from night on August 3 to early morning on 4th, 2010 was detailedly analyzed from weather background, meso- and micro-scale characteristics, physical mechanisms of occurrences and developments of meso and micro-scale systems. The formation reason of heavy rainstorm process was discussed. Moreover, we tried to find some occurrence rules of short-time strong precipitation. [Result] The local heavy rainstorm process had large short-time rainfall and obvious local characteristics. The main influence systems were subtropical high, westerly trough, meso- and small-scale ground low pressures. It was affected by many systems which had different scales and heights. The up-cold-down-warm unstable stratification accumulated a large number of unstable energy, which was basic condition of strong precipitation occurrence. It was convergence shear line at the bottom layer of airspace. The vertical shear and turbosphere of deep southwest-northwest-easterly airflow were at airspace. The common effect of up and down systems triggered generation of updraft, and made unstable energy release. For the release of unstable energy, after northwest airflow was cut off, the updraft made southwest airflow develop upward. It linked with easterly wave to form new vertical shear, which was a reason of long duration of strong precipitation. The southwest airflow at the edge of subtropical high was water vapor source of precipitation process, which provided sufficient water vapor supply for generation of heavy rainstorm. The system which was developing and strengthening would make the moving speed of system slow down. Then, the rainfall increased. It was a reason of long duration of strong precipitation. [Conclusion] The research accumulated certain experience for forecast work in future.

Analysis on the Influence of Spring Low Temperature on the Agriculture and the Formation Reason in Liaoning Province in 2010

[Objective] The research aimed to study the influence of spring low temperature on the agriculture and the formation reason in Liaoning Province in 2010. [Method] Based on the synoptics analysis principle, by analyzing the atmospheric circulation situation and satellite cloud map, the influence of spring low temperature on the agriculture and the formation reason of low temperature weather in Liaoning Province during April-May, 2010 were discussed. [Result] The high-altitude situation analysis showed that it was two-trough-two-ridge situation in the high latitude of Eurasia in April, 2010. Ural Mountains high-pressure ridge strengthened to move eastward. Lake Baikal cold air went down toward the southeast along the front of ridge and strengthened into the cold vortex. Liaoning was in the front of cold vortex. Affected by the cold vortex, the temperature in Liaoning area was low. In the first dekad of May, 2010, the activity of cold air was frequent. There were two times cold vortex influence, and the temperature was still low. In the later period of middle dekad of May, the warm ridge entered, and the temperature rose. The high-altitude trough and the low-level jet were the main system and the dynamic condition of precipitation generation respectively. The cold vortex was the main reason of spring continuous low temperature generation, and the secondary reason was the more precipitation. [Conclusion] The research provided the reference basis for the prevention and prediction of spring low temperature in Liaoning Province.

Analysis on Formation Reason of "0902" Blizzard in Northeast China

[Objective]The research aimed to analyze formation reason of ＂ 0902＂ blizzard in northeast China. [Method]By using timely observation data,NCEP reanalysis data and Doppler radar data at Baishan station,blizzard process in southeast part of northeast China during 12-13 February,2009 was analyzed. [Result]Snowfall zone of the blizzard process was wide,snowfall was more,snowfall gradient was big,and snowfall time relatively concentrated. These characteristics reflected that the blizzard process had significant convection characteristics. Baroclinic disturbance at high-altitude straight frontal zone and ground warm frontogenesis caused by eastward movement and northward advancement of North China low vortex at low altitude were the circulation characteristics in the process. Water vapor from the sea went northward as southwest airflow,and strongly converged in blizzard zone,which provided sufficient water vapor condition for the blizzard. Before heavy snowfall occurred,there was accumulation process of heat and energy. Conditional symmetric instability was main unstable mechanism of the blizzard. During heavy snowfall period,ascending branch of secondary vertical circulation at exit zone of high-altitude jet coupled with ascending branch of secondary vertical circulation of warm frontegenesis at low layer,inducing strong development of the vertical motion. Doppler radar intensity echo revealed that it was easy to generate blizzard in the area where echo intensity was consistently above 20 dBz. Strong wind velocity convergence zone at radical velocity field especially adverse wind zone was favorable for the generation of blizzard. [Conclusion]The research could provide reference for blizzard forecast in northeast China.

On Dilemma Analysis and Reasonable Measure Construction of Higher Vocational College English

English is used an important course of higher vocational colleges, which can greatly improve stuctents＂ language application ability to a great extent and it can also make students understand western culture knowledge through foreign language learning. But in current higher vocational colleges, it faces many dilemmas. Only by correctly analyzing these dilemmas will it propose corresponding reasonab!e solutions, which is good for English education development of higher vocational colleges and improving English level of higher vocational college students.

基于Reason模型的SIF-Q260型电子小肠镜故障原因分析

根据武汉大学中南医院内窥镜中心SIF-Q260型小肠镜故障率高且维修成本高的情况,应用Reason模型,从环境影响、不安全监督、不安全行为前兆及不安全行为4个层面分析造成SIF-Q260小肠镜故障的原因,针对各个层面故障原因,从定期培训以规范内窥镜的洗消及使用、设置专人管理内窥镜并定期对内窥镜使用洗消的规范性进行监督及评价、完善内窥镜监管系统3方面拟定改进措施,堵住系统“漏洞”,为内窥镜质量控制措施的制定提供依据,可预防和减少内窥镜故障的发生。

Dynamic character analysis for the arc welding power source based on fuzzy logic

A lot of experimental methods have been brought forth to assess the dynamic character of the arc welding power source, but up to now, this issue has not been solved very well. In this paper, based on the fuzzy logic reasoning method, a dynamic character assessing model for the arc welding power source was established and used to analyze the dynamic character of the welding power source. Three different types of welding machine have been tested, and the characteristic information of the electrical signals such as re-striking arc voltage, low welding current and so on of the welding process were extracted accurately by using a self-developed welding dynamic arc wavelet analyzer. The experimental results indicate that this model can be used as a new assessing method for the dynamic character of the arc welding power source.

Milling Fault Detection Method Based on Fault Tree Analysis and Hierarchical Belief Rule Base

Expert knowledge is the key to modeling milling fault detection systems based on the belief rule base.The construction of an initial expert knowledge base seriously affects the accuracy and interpretability of the milling fault detection model.However,due to the complexity of the milling system structure and the uncertainty of the milling failure index,it is often impossible to construct model expert knowledge effectively.Therefore,a milling system fault detection method based on fault tree analysis and hierarchical BRB(FTBRB)is proposed.Firstly,the proposed method uses a fault tree and hierarchical BRB modeling.Through fault tree analysis(FTA),the logical correspondence between FTA and BRB is sorted out.This can effectively embed the FTA mechanism into the BRB expert knowledge base.The hierarchical BRB model is used to solve the problem of excessive indexes and avoid combinatorial explosion.Secondly,evidence reasoning(ER)is used to ensure the transparency of the model reasoning process.Thirdly,the projection covariance matrix adaptation evolutionary strategies(P-CMA-ES)is used to optimize the model.Finally,this paper verifies the validity model and the method’s feasibility techniques for milling data sets.

Air target intention recognition and causal effect analysis combining uncertainty information reasoning and potential outcome framework

Recognizing target intent is crucial for making decisions on the battlefield.However,the imperfect and ambiguous character of battlefield situations challenges the validity and causation analysis of classical intent recognition techniques.Facing with the challenge,a target intention causal analysis paradigm is proposed by combining with an Intervention Retrieval(IR)model and a Hybrid Intention Recognition(HIR)model.The target data acquired by the sensors are modelled as Basic Probability Assignments(BPAs)based on evidence theory to create uncertain datasets.Then,the HIR model is utilized to recognize intent for a tested sample from uncertain datasets.Finally,the intervention operator under the evidence structure is utilized to perform attribute intervention on the tested sample.Data retrieval is performed in the sample database based on the IR model to generate the intention distribution of the pseudo-intervention samples to analyze the causal effects of individual sample attributes.The simulation results demonstrate that our framework successfully identifies the target intention under the evidence structure and goes further to analyze the causal impact of sample attributes on the target intention.

Power Transformer Fault Diagnosis Using Fuzzy Reasoning Spiking Neural P Systems

This paper presents an intelligent technique to fault diagnosis of power transformers dissolved and free gas analysis (DGA). Fuzzy Reasoning Spiking neural P systems (FRSN P systems) as a membrane computing with distributed parallel computing model is powerful and suitable graphical approach model in fuzzy diagnosis knowledge. In a sense this feature is required for establishing the power transformers faults identifications and capturing knowledge implicitly during the learning stage, using linguistic variables, membership functions with “low”, “medium”, and “high” descriptions for each gas signature, and inference rule base. Membership functions are used to translate judgments into numerical expression by fuzzy numbers. The performance method is analyzed in terms for four gas ratio (IEC 60599) signature as input data of FRSN P systems. Test case results evaluate that the proposals method for power transformer fault diagnosis can significantly improve the diagnosis accuracy power transformer.

Analysis on the Disastrous Weather of Serious Drought in Northwest Hunan in Summer and Autumn of 2009

[Objective] The research aimed to analyze the disastrous weather of serious drought in Northwest Hunan in summer and autumn of 2009.[Method] According to the meteorological data in Zhangjiajie of Northwest Hunan during the drought period from June to September,2009,the disaster characteristics of continuous drought in summer and autumn were analyzed.Based on NCEP/NCAR 2.5°×2.5° reanalysis data,by using the climatic diagnostic method,the formation reason of serious drought was initially analyzed from the circulation characteristics in the middle and high latitudes,Western Pacific subtropical high,the abnormal characteristics of sea surface temperature in the equatorial Middle Eastern Pacific Ocean and the tropical system activity.[Result] The characteristics of serious drought in Northwest Hunan in summer and autumn of 2009 were the quick developed speed,wide influence range,long duration,big disaster loss and long high temperature time.The influence range,duration and harm degree were rare to see in the history.During the arid period(June-September),the atmospheric circulation was abnormal.The polar vortex in the northern hemisphere was weak,and the center was by north.It was two-trough-one-ridge type in the middle and high latitudes of Eurasia.The long-wave trough existed respectively near Balkhash Lake and from Sea of Okhotsk to the east coast in China.The long-wave ridge maintained from Lake Baikal to Central Asia and stabilized in 90°-110° E of Central Asia.From the middle dekad of June to the middle dekad of September,the westerly index increased.The zonal circulation was the main one in the middle and high latitudes of Eurasia.The cold air in the high-latitude frontal zone spread eastward with the small-amplitude fluctuation form along the latitude circle direction,and was difficult to pass the westerly barrier near 45° N to reach the low latitude.Meanwhile,Western Pacific subtropical high jumped northward to control Jiangnan and South China for a long time.The down airflow was prevalent.It was hot and rainless.The drought developed quickly.The sea surface temperature in the equatorial Middle Eastern Pacific Ocean started to rise in June,and it entered into El Nino state.When El Nino event of obvious temperature increasing started to appear in spring and summer,the plum rain amount was less in the middle and low reaches of Yangtze River in the year or next year.The probability was 80%.In El Nino year,the typhoon was less.In addition,for the influence of strong Western Pacific subtropical high,the landing pathway of typhoon was by east or south.The kind of typhoon had the small role for easing the drought in Northwest Hunan.[Conclusion] The research provided the theory basis for improving the prediction level of short-term climate and the understanding of extreme climate event.

A Processor Performance Prediction Method Based on Interpretable Hierarchical Belief Rule Base and Sensitivity Analysis

The prediction of processor performance has important referencesignificance for future processors. Both the accuracy and rationality of theprediction results are required. The hierarchical belief rule base (HBRB)can initially provide a solution to low prediction accuracy. However, theinterpretability of the model and the traceability of the results still warrantfurther investigation. Therefore, a processor performance prediction methodbased on interpretable hierarchical belief rule base (HBRB-I) and globalsensitivity analysis (GSA) is proposed. The method can yield more reliableprediction results. Evidence reasoning (ER) is firstly used to evaluate thehistorical data of the processor, followed by a performance prediction modelwith interpretability constraints that is constructed based on HBRB-I. Then,the whale optimization algorithm (WOA) is used to optimize the parameters.Furthermore, to test the interpretability of the performance predictionprocess, GSA is used to analyze the relationship between the input and thepredicted output indicators. Finally, based on the UCI database processordataset, the effectiveness and superiority of the method are verified. Accordingto our experiments, our prediction method generates more reliable andaccurate estimations than traditional models.

The Analysis of Dimensionless Magnitudes in Economic Science

An economy consists of the economic system of a country or other unit of human society.It includes labor,capital,natural resources,production,trade,distribution and consumption of goods and services in the area where human society is active.These factors give context,content,and determine the conditions and parameters with which the economy operates.When searching with data mining techniques to identify or find out dimensionless groups(DGs)in technical literature,it is possible to meet errors/faults/omissions concerning both,the form and the content of such groups.In the present study,a methodological framework has been developed in terms of a logical flow chart,including 11 activity stages and seven decision nodes,to acquire/process/store/retrieve knowledge for reconstruction and identification of these groups.Case Based Reasoning(CBR),especially modified to meet the needs of this work,has been used for tracing causality paths by similarity and making correction suggestions.Two case examples are presented to prove the functionality of the proposed methodology.Non-dimensional groups are used in engineering but can also be used in economic science.Through this analysis,we can calculate the scale of industrial processes from laboratory to pilot and then factory scale.Still through the study of non-dimensional groups,it is easy to calculate economies of scale embedded in the production process.Synergy savings and target economies cause economies of scale in a production process and reduce the cost of production per unit of output when production is increased.Non-dimensional groups can be a quantitative and measurable indicator for calculating and predicting economies of scale in an industrial unit.The same can happen in an economic unit providing services,that is,intangible products.

Statistical Reasoning of High School Teachers in a Computer Environment of Dynamic Data Exploration

Results of a research about statistical reasoning that six high school teachers developed in a computer environment are presented in this article. A sequence of three activities with the support of software Fathom was presented to the teachers in a course to investigate about the reasoning that teachers develop about the data analysis, particularly about the distribution concept, that involves important concepts such as averages, variability and graphics representations. The design of the activities was planned so that the teachers analyzed quantitative variables separately first, and later made an analysis of a qualitative variable versus a quantitative variable with the objective of establishing comparisons between distributions and use concepts as averages, variability, shape and outliers. The instructions in each activity indicated to the teachers to use all the resources of the software that were necessary to make the complete analysis and respond to certain questions that pretended to capture the type of representations they used to answer. The results indicate that despite the abundance of representations provided by the software, teachers focu,; on the calculation of averages to describe and compare distributions, rather than on the important properties of data such as variability, ：shape and outliers. Many teachers were able to build interesting graphs reflecting important properties of the data, but cannot use them 1：o support data analysis. Hence, it is necessary to extend the teachers＇ understanding on data analysis so they can take advantage of the cognitive potential that computer tools to offer.

An Improved Fixed-point Algorithm for Independent Component Analysis of Functional MRI Data

The fixed-point algorithm and infomax algorithm are two of the most popular algorithms in independent component analysis(ICA).However,it is hard to take both stability and speed into consideration in processing functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI)data.In this paper,an optimization model for ICA is presented and an improved fixed-point algorithm based on the model is proposed.In the new algorithms a small step size is added to increase the stability.In order to accelerate the convergence,an improvement on Newton method is made,which makes cubic convergence for the new algorithm.Applying the algorithm and two other algorithms to invivo fMRI data,the results show that the new algorithm separates independent components stably,which has faster convergence speed and less computation than the other two algorithms.The algorithm has obvious advantage in processing fMRI signal with huge data.