Modulation of Anti-Microbial Resistant <i>Salmonella heidelberg</i>Using Synbiotics (Probiotics and Prebiotics) in Two <i>In-Vitro</i>Assays (Cross-Streaking and Agar Wells Diffusion)

Salmonellosis is the most prevalent bacterial foodborne disease in many countries worldwide. Utilization of probiotics is one of the most accepted ways to reduce Salmonella, especially lactic acid bacteria, as it has proven to reduce the enteric pathogens in monogastric and ruminant livestock animals through different mechanisms such as antimicrobials production, competitive adhesion to the gastrointestinal tract, and immune stimulation. Prebiotics could be utilized solely for health benefits as an alternative to probiotics or in addition to probiotics for a synergistic effect known as synbiotics. The aim of this study was to compare effects of different probiotic strains (Lactobacillus acidophilus (La-14), Lactobacillus paracasei (Lpc-37), Streptococcus thermophiles (St-21), Bifidobacterium bifidum (Bb-06), and Aspergillus niger (ATCC®16888TM) and without prebiotics (Mannose;Xylose;Galactooligosaccharides GOS;Inulin;and Dandelion extract) on lowering Salmonella heidelberg CFU in vitro. Different inhibition levels probiotic strains were assessed and compared in the presence and absence of 2.5% prebiotic compounds using cross-streaking and agar well diffusion assays. Recommendations for the growth of selected microorganisms such as temperature and oxygen conditions were taken into consideration. All the analysis was conducted in triplicates. The results showed that all the probiotics strains except S. thermophiles were able to significantly (P < 0.05) inhibit the growth of S. heidelberg in at least one of the assays. The difference in inhibition percentage confirms that probiotic strains have multiple inhibition mechanisms, such as production of antimicrobials, lower pH by producing organic acids (acetic acid, lactic acid, etc.), and inhibition of pathogen’s virulence factor expression, and production of lipopolysaccharide solubilizing compounds.

铜绿假单胞菌对致病真菌的抑制作用

目的观察临床分离的24株铜绿假单胞菌(PA)对致病性真菌(如白色念珠菌、热带念珠菌、光滑念珠菌、近平滑念珠菌、克柔念珠菌、葡萄牙念珠菌等)的抑制作用。方法收集临床上24株PA,通过革兰染色、氧化酶试验及API 20NE(法国梅里埃公司产品)进行鉴定;通过纸片法、十字交叉划线法及共培养检测PA对致病性真菌的抑制作用。十二烷基磺酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)对有抑制作用的PA和无抑制作用的PA分泌蛋白进行电泳。结果 24株PA中部分菌株对常见的致病性真菌有显著抑制作用,而部分PA菌株有一定抑制作用,另外一些完全没有抑制作用;共孵育试验显示PA可能是通过抑制真菌的菌丝生长而产生抑制作用。SDS-PAGE显示有抑制作用的PA和无抑制作用的PA分泌物蛋白间存在明显差异。结论PA对常见的致病真菌具有抑制作用,推测可能与抑制真菌的菌丝生长及分泌抑制真菌生长的各种蛋白类物质有关。

Antimicrobial potential of Actinomycetes species isolated from marine environment

Objective:To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Actinomycetes species isolated from marine environment.Methods:Twenty one strains of Actinomyceteswere isolated from samples of Royapuram, Muttukadu, Mahabalipuram sea shores and Adyar estuary. Preliminary screening was done using cross-streak method against two gram-positive and eight gram-negative bacteria.The most potent strains C11 and C12 were selected from which antibacterial substances were extracted. The antibacterial activities of the extracts were performed using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Molecular identification of those isolates was done.Results:All those twenty one isolates were active against at least one of the test organisms. Morphological characters were recorded. C11 showed activity againstStaphylococcusspecies(13.0暲0.5 mm),Vibrio harveyi(11.0暲0.2 mm),Pseudomonas species(12.0暲0.3 mm). C12 showed activity against Staphylococcus species(16.0暲0.4 mm),Bacillus subtilis(11.0暲0.2 mm),Vibrio harveyi(9.0暲0.1 mm),Pseudomonas species(10.0暲0.2 mm). 16S rRNA pattern strongly suggested that C11 and C12 strains were Streptomyces species.Conclusions:The results of the present investigation reveal that the marineActinomycetesfrom coastal environment are the potent source of novel antibiotics.Isolation, characterization and study of Actinom ycetescan be useful in discovery of novel species of Actinomy cetes.

嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌对念珠菌抑制作用观察

目的观察嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌(SMA)对常见念珠菌属,如白色念珠菌、热带念珠菌、光滑念珠菌、近平滑念珠菌、克柔念珠菌等的抑制作用。方法收集临床上20株SMA,通过革兰染色、氧化酶试验及API 20NE(法国梅里埃公司产品)进行鉴定;通过纸片法、十字交叉划线试验及共孵育试验检测SMA对念珠菌属的抑制作用。结果 20株SMA中部分菌株对常见念珠菌有显著抑制作用,但对质控菌株大肠埃希菌(ATCC 25922)、肺炎克雷伯菌(ATCC 700603)、铜绿假单胞菌(ATCC 27953)没有抑制作用。结论 SMA对常见念珠菌具有抑制作用,推测可能是与分泌一些代谢产物抑制真菌的菌丝形成有关。

时间分辨条纹相机技术的发展及相关研究展望

梳理了瞬态科学超快诊断技术发展更替脉络,以时间分辨率为主线回顾了时间分辨条纹相机技术的发展历程,从相关应用需求角度分析了条纹相机技术的发展趋势,重点阐明了双色场泵浦-探测阿秒条纹相机技术相对于基于变像管的条纹相机诊断技术在测量机制方面的创新。同时对阿秒条纹相机技术对微观超快现象向更深层次拓展的推动作用作了前瞻性的论述。

不同时期再造琥珀的微细结构对比及鉴定

再造琥珀制造技术不断更新换代,并不断取得进展。市场上能见到不同时期的再造琥珀,给实验室鉴定带来挑战。为科学鉴定这些琥珀,结合前人研究和国检(NGTC)近年来的研究成果,主要从放大检查,正交偏光,紫外荧光这三方面分别对早期和近期再造琥珀的鉴定特征进行了系统研究和阐述。结果显示,早期传统再造琥珀的"血丝"状构造明显,其在正交偏光下的特征及紫外灯下的荧光特征明显。近期再造琥珀中的"血丝"变浅,其后多数又进行了一系列后期处理,掩盖了原有的再造琥珀特征,所以其在正交偏光下的特征及紫外灯下的荧光特征均不明显。但在强透射光源照射下,仍可发现局部残余的再造特征,如沿"血丝"分布的片状炸裂纹、流动的"砂糖"状构造等。这些微细结构特征有助于对不同时期再造琥珀进行正确鉴别。

In-vitro antimicrobial activity of marine actinobacteria against multidrug resistance Staphylococcus aureus

Objective:To investigate the antibacterial aclivily of marine actinobacteria against multidrug resistance Staphylococcus aureus(MDRSA).Methods:Fifty one actinobacterial strains were isolated from salt pans soil,costal area in Kothapattanam,Ongole,Andhra Pradesh.Primary screening was done using cross-streak method against MDRSA.The bioaclive compounds are extracted from efficient actinobacteria using solvent extraction.The antimicrobial activity of crude and solvent extracts was perfomied using Kirby-Bauer method.MIC for ethyl acetate extract was determined by modified agar well diffusion method.The potent actinobacteria are identified using Nonomura key,Shirling and Gottlieb 1966 with Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology.Results:Among the fifty one isolates screened for antibacterial activity,SRB25were found efficient against MDRSA.The ethyl acetate extracts showed high inhibition against test organism.MIC test was performed with the ethyl acetate extract against MDRSA and found to be 1 000μg/mL.The isolaled actinobacteria are identified as Streptomyces sp with the help of Nonomura key.Conclusions:The current investigation reveals that the marine actinobacteria from salt pan environment can be able to produce new drug molecules against drug resistant microorganisms.

The spatial-temporal evolution of coherent structures in log law region of turbulent boundary layer

The spatial-temporal evolution of coherent structures （CS） is significant for turbulence control and drag re- duction. Among the CS, low and high speed streak structures show typical burst phenomena. The analysis was based on a time series of three-dimensional and three-component （3D-3C） velocity fields of the flat plate turbulent boundary layer （TBL） measured by a Tomographic and Time-resolved PIV （Tomo TRPIV） system. Using multi-resolution wavelet transform and conditional sampling method, we extracted the intrinsic topologies and found that the streak structures appear in bar-like patterns. Furthermore, we seized locations and velocity information of transient CS, and then calculated the propagation velocity of CS based on spatial-temporal cross-correlation scanning. This laid a foundation for further studies on relevant dynamics properties.