Fusarium crown rot(FCR) is a soilborne disease causing severe yield losses in many wheat-growing areas of the world. Diseased plants show browning and necrosis of roots and stems causing white heads at maturity. Littl...Fusarium crown rot(FCR) is a soilborne disease causing severe yield losses in many wheat-growing areas of the world. Diseased plants show browning and necrosis of roots and stems causing white heads at maturity. Little is known about the molecular processes employed by wheat roots to respond to the disease. We characterized morphological, transcriptional and hormonal changes in wheat seedling roots following challenge with Fusarium pseudograminearum(Fp), the main pathogen of FCR. The pathogen inhibited root development to various extents depending on plants' resistance level. Many genes responsive to FCR infection in wheat roots were enriched in plant hormone pathways. The contents of compounds involved in biosynthesis and metabolism of jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, cytokinin and auxin were drastically changed in roots at five days post-inoculation. Presoaking seeds in methyl jasmonate for 24 h promoted FCR resistance, whereas presoaking with cytokinin 6-benzylaminopurine made plants more susceptible. Overexpression of TaOPR3, a gene involved in jasmonic acid biosynthesis, enhanced plant resistance as well as root and shoot growth during infection.展开更多
Detection of F. solani f. sp. cucurbitae causal agent of the crown and root rot disease of melon race 1, race 2 is difficult. It is based only on morphological characteristic. In this study, forty isolates identified ...Detection of F. solani f. sp. cucurbitae causal agent of the crown and root rot disease of melon race 1, race 2 is difficult. It is based only on morphological characteristic. In this study, forty isolates identified as Fusarium solani based on morphological characterization, F. solani was one of the most frequently isolated species. Molecular identification of these isolates by PCR technique using species-specific primer, indicated that thirty-two isolates, amplified product 580 bp (race 1) and two isolate amplified product 580 bp (race 2), while six isolates were not amplified with primer of both races. Production of Trichothecenes (T2-toxen, DON.) by Fusarium solani was conducted on isolates confirmed as belonging in the F. solani by PCR. The results indicated that the presence of Tri5, Tri13 genes is coding the ability of synthesis mycotoxin. In vitro, the results indicated that NPs (AgNPs, MgNPs) and chemical (Phylex) possess the antifungal properties against at various level. Treatment with (AgNPs 150 ppm, MgNPs 2%, 3% ppm) and 3% Phylex resulted in maximum inhabitation of F. solani . In vivo, five characters (height plant, hoot ant root fresh and dry weight) were measured based on the greenhouse, field experimental results. Treatment with (AgNPs, MgNPs) and Phylex had higher measured parameters than positive control.展开更多
Yield losses of bread wheat due to crown rot can be more severe when drought conditions occur during the grain-filling period.Root architecture characteristics are important for soil exploration and belowground resour...Yield losses of bread wheat due to crown rot can be more severe when drought conditions occur during the grain-filling period.Root architecture characteristics are important for soil exploration and belowground resource acquisition and are essential for adaptation to water-limited environments.Traits such as root angle,length and density have been strongly associated with acquisition efficiency and contribute to yield stability of the crop.The impact of crown rot pathogens on wheat root architecture is poorly understood.We examined differences in root angle,length and number,as well as dry root weight of the crown rot-susceptible bread wheat cultivar,Livingston inoculated with one of two crown rot pathogens Fusarium culmorum or Fusarium pseudograminearum in a transparent-sided root observation chamber.Significant adverse impacts on plant health and growth were revealed by visual discolouration of the leaf sheaths;fresh and dry shoot weight;leaf area of the oldest and the youngest fully expanded leaf and leaf number.Values of most recorded root system measurements were reduced when inoculated with either F.culmorum or F.pseudograminearum.In contrast,root angle was increased in the presence of F.culmorum but was not significantly changed by F.pseudograminearum.The development of whiteheads and grain losses in bread wheat caused by crown rot have previously been associated with blockages of the vascular systems.The method employed here was able to identify differences in the pathogen impacts on roots,which were not detected using previous systems.This research indicates that in the presence of F.culmorum and F.pseudograminearum infection,not only reductions in the size and biomass of the shoot system but also changes in the length,biomass and architecture of the root system could play an important role in yield loss.展开更多
【目的】采用形态学观察和分子鉴定方法对甜瓜病原菌新疆株(前人鉴定为枯萎病病原菌Fusarium oxysporum(Schi)f.sp.melonis Snyder et Hansen)、枯萎病病原菌辽宁株和根腐病病原菌(Fusariumsolani(Mart.)Sacc.)进行研究,确定病原菌新疆...【目的】采用形态学观察和分子鉴定方法对甜瓜病原菌新疆株(前人鉴定为枯萎病病原菌Fusarium oxysporum(Schi)f.sp.melonis Snyder et Hansen)、枯萎病病原菌辽宁株和根腐病病原菌(Fusariumsolani(Mart.)Sacc.)进行研究,确定病原菌新疆株的种类。【结果】对病原菌新疆株进行形态学观察发现其有蓝色色素,维管束变褐不向上发展。此后又对三种病原菌进行了大亚基rDNA-D1/D2区序列分析、rDNA-ITS区序列分析,两者分析结果表明病原菌新疆株与根腐病病原菌同源性高。【结论】分子鉴定与形态学鉴定结果一致,表明病原菌新疆株为腐皮镰孢菌(Fusarium solani(Mart.)Sacc.)而非尖镰孢菌(Fusariumaxysporum(Schi.)f.sp.melonis Snyder et Hansen),是根腐病病原菌,与前人鉴定结果不同。展开更多
为明确甘肃皋兰地区甜瓜根腐病的病菌,通过病菌分离、致病性测定,采用真菌形态学结合基因序列分析对该病菌进行了鉴定。结果表明,引起甜瓜根腐病的主要病原菌为尖孢镰孢菌甜瓜专化型(Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.melonis,FOM)及引起黑点...为明确甘肃皋兰地区甜瓜根腐病的病菌,通过病菌分离、致病性测定,采用真菌形态学结合基因序列分析对该病菌进行了鉴定。结果表明,引起甜瓜根腐病的主要病原菌为尖孢镰孢菌甜瓜专化型(Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.melonis,FOM)及引起黑点根腐病的子囊真菌(Monosporascus cannonballus)。致病性分析表明,尖孢镰孢菌甜瓜专化型及M. cannonballus均可引起甜瓜胚根的坏死、腐烂,侧根不能生长;其中M. cannonballus使瓜类砧木-南瓜品种思壮12的胚根变褐,但不影响主根和侧根的生长。明确了甘肃皋兰地区甜瓜根腐病的主要致病菌,为防控该病害提供了理论依据。展开更多
【目的】探索番茄颈腐根腐病(Fusarium crown and root rot,FCRR)苗期抗性鉴定技术,并对番茄种质资源及品种进行抗性鉴定分析,挖掘和丰富可利用的抗性资源,为培育抗颈腐根腐病番茄品种打下基础。【方法】以尖镰孢番茄颈腐根腐病专化型...【目的】探索番茄颈腐根腐病(Fusarium crown and root rot,FCRR)苗期抗性鉴定技术,并对番茄种质资源及品种进行抗性鉴定分析,挖掘和丰富可利用的抗性资源,为培育抗颈腐根腐病番茄品种打下基础。【方法】以尖镰孢番茄颈腐根腐病专化型病原菌(Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici,Forl)和感病栽培番茄Heinz 1706为材料,研究接种菌液浓度、接种寄主苗龄、接种后管理温度和不同接种方法对番茄颈腐根腐病人工接种鉴定效果的影响。随后通过苗期人工接种鉴定方法结合文献中已报道的与抗性基因连锁的分子标记,对100份番茄种质材料进行颈腐根腐病抗性鉴定分析。【结果】在一定范围内,番茄颈腐根腐病发病率及病情指数随着接种菌液浓度的升高而增大,接种菌液浓度为107个孢子/mL时,发病率及病情指数分别为100%和89.2,可以反映寄主真实的抗性水平;接种寄主苗龄为2—5叶期均能使植株发病,不同苗龄间病情指数无显著差异;接种后不同的管理温度对番茄颈腐根腐病的病情指数影响显著不同,其中较低的管理温度(20℃)有利于番茄颈腐根腐病的发生;使用浸根法和灌根法进行鉴定,番茄颈腐根腐病发病率和病情指数较高且效果稳定,显著优于茎注射法。对100份番茄种质材料进行分析,接种鉴定结果显示有38份材料表现抗病,这些材料可用于番茄抗颈腐根腐病育种或生产。在已报道的与Frl连锁的分子标记中,SCARFrl的准确率最低,仅为51%,C2-25的准确率为59%,而PNU-D4的准确率为83%,该标记可用于番茄抗颈腐根腐病辅助选择。【结论】建立的苗期抗性鉴定技术能客观反映供试材料的实际抗性水平,可用于番茄抗颈腐根腐病材料的鉴定筛选。展开更多
基金supported by the State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and RegulationNational Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFD0300501)National Natural Science Foundation of China (31872865)。
文摘Fusarium crown rot(FCR) is a soilborne disease causing severe yield losses in many wheat-growing areas of the world. Diseased plants show browning and necrosis of roots and stems causing white heads at maturity. Little is known about the molecular processes employed by wheat roots to respond to the disease. We characterized morphological, transcriptional and hormonal changes in wheat seedling roots following challenge with Fusarium pseudograminearum(Fp), the main pathogen of FCR. The pathogen inhibited root development to various extents depending on plants' resistance level. Many genes responsive to FCR infection in wheat roots were enriched in plant hormone pathways. The contents of compounds involved in biosynthesis and metabolism of jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, cytokinin and auxin were drastically changed in roots at five days post-inoculation. Presoaking seeds in methyl jasmonate for 24 h promoted FCR resistance, whereas presoaking with cytokinin 6-benzylaminopurine made plants more susceptible. Overexpression of TaOPR3, a gene involved in jasmonic acid biosynthesis, enhanced plant resistance as well as root and shoot growth during infection.
文摘Detection of F. solani f. sp. cucurbitae causal agent of the crown and root rot disease of melon race 1, race 2 is difficult. It is based only on morphological characteristic. In this study, forty isolates identified as Fusarium solani based on morphological characterization, F. solani was one of the most frequently isolated species. Molecular identification of these isolates by PCR technique using species-specific primer, indicated that thirty-two isolates, amplified product 580 bp (race 1) and two isolate amplified product 580 bp (race 2), while six isolates were not amplified with primer of both races. Production of Trichothecenes (T2-toxen, DON.) by Fusarium solani was conducted on isolates confirmed as belonging in the F. solani by PCR. The results indicated that the presence of Tri5, Tri13 genes is coding the ability of synthesis mycotoxin. In vitro, the results indicated that NPs (AgNPs, MgNPs) and chemical (Phylex) possess the antifungal properties against at various level. Treatment with (AgNPs 150 ppm, MgNPs 2%, 3% ppm) and 3% Phylex resulted in maximum inhabitation of F. solani . In vivo, five characters (height plant, hoot ant root fresh and dry weight) were measured based on the greenhouse, field experimental results. Treatment with (AgNPs, MgNPs) and Phylex had higher measured parameters than positive control.
基金supported by a USQ Postgraduate Research Scholarship and the Queensland Government。
文摘Yield losses of bread wheat due to crown rot can be more severe when drought conditions occur during the grain-filling period.Root architecture characteristics are important for soil exploration and belowground resource acquisition and are essential for adaptation to water-limited environments.Traits such as root angle,length and density have been strongly associated with acquisition efficiency and contribute to yield stability of the crop.The impact of crown rot pathogens on wheat root architecture is poorly understood.We examined differences in root angle,length and number,as well as dry root weight of the crown rot-susceptible bread wheat cultivar,Livingston inoculated with one of two crown rot pathogens Fusarium culmorum or Fusarium pseudograminearum in a transparent-sided root observation chamber.Significant adverse impacts on plant health and growth were revealed by visual discolouration of the leaf sheaths;fresh and dry shoot weight;leaf area of the oldest and the youngest fully expanded leaf and leaf number.Values of most recorded root system measurements were reduced when inoculated with either F.culmorum or F.pseudograminearum.In contrast,root angle was increased in the presence of F.culmorum but was not significantly changed by F.pseudograminearum.The development of whiteheads and grain losses in bread wheat caused by crown rot have previously been associated with blockages of the vascular systems.The method employed here was able to identify differences in the pathogen impacts on roots,which were not detected using previous systems.This research indicates that in the presence of F.culmorum and F.pseudograminearum infection,not only reductions in the size and biomass of the shoot system but also changes in the length,biomass and architecture of the root system could play an important role in yield loss.
文摘【目的】采用形态学观察和分子鉴定方法对甜瓜病原菌新疆株(前人鉴定为枯萎病病原菌Fusarium oxysporum(Schi)f.sp.melonis Snyder et Hansen)、枯萎病病原菌辽宁株和根腐病病原菌(Fusariumsolani(Mart.)Sacc.)进行研究,确定病原菌新疆株的种类。【结果】对病原菌新疆株进行形态学观察发现其有蓝色色素,维管束变褐不向上发展。此后又对三种病原菌进行了大亚基rDNA-D1/D2区序列分析、rDNA-ITS区序列分析,两者分析结果表明病原菌新疆株与根腐病病原菌同源性高。【结论】分子鉴定与形态学鉴定结果一致,表明病原菌新疆株为腐皮镰孢菌(Fusarium solani(Mart.)Sacc.)而非尖镰孢菌(Fusariumaxysporum(Schi.)f.sp.melonis Snyder et Hansen),是根腐病病原菌,与前人鉴定结果不同。
文摘【目的】探索番茄颈腐根腐病(Fusarium crown and root rot,FCRR)苗期抗性鉴定技术,并对番茄种质资源及品种进行抗性鉴定分析,挖掘和丰富可利用的抗性资源,为培育抗颈腐根腐病番茄品种打下基础。【方法】以尖镰孢番茄颈腐根腐病专化型病原菌(Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici,Forl)和感病栽培番茄Heinz 1706为材料,研究接种菌液浓度、接种寄主苗龄、接种后管理温度和不同接种方法对番茄颈腐根腐病人工接种鉴定效果的影响。随后通过苗期人工接种鉴定方法结合文献中已报道的与抗性基因连锁的分子标记,对100份番茄种质材料进行颈腐根腐病抗性鉴定分析。【结果】在一定范围内,番茄颈腐根腐病发病率及病情指数随着接种菌液浓度的升高而增大,接种菌液浓度为107个孢子/mL时,发病率及病情指数分别为100%和89.2,可以反映寄主真实的抗性水平;接种寄主苗龄为2—5叶期均能使植株发病,不同苗龄间病情指数无显著差异;接种后不同的管理温度对番茄颈腐根腐病的病情指数影响显著不同,其中较低的管理温度(20℃)有利于番茄颈腐根腐病的发生;使用浸根法和灌根法进行鉴定,番茄颈腐根腐病发病率和病情指数较高且效果稳定,显著优于茎注射法。对100份番茄种质材料进行分析,接种鉴定结果显示有38份材料表现抗病,这些材料可用于番茄抗颈腐根腐病育种或生产。在已报道的与Frl连锁的分子标记中,SCARFrl的准确率最低,仅为51%,C2-25的准确率为59%,而PNU-D4的准确率为83%,该标记可用于番茄抗颈腐根腐病辅助选择。【结论】建立的苗期抗性鉴定技术能客观反映供试材料的实际抗性水平,可用于番茄抗颈腐根腐病材料的鉴定筛选。
