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Crown Fuel Characteristics and Carbon Emission from Japanese Red Pine Stands Burned by Crown Fire in Mt. Palgong, South Korea 被引量:1
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作者 Byungdoo LEE Myoung Soo WON +1 位作者 Yohan LEE Myung Bo LEE 《Journal of Mountain Science》 SCIE CSCD 2012年第5期656-664,共9页
Carbon emissions from forest fires are considered an important factor of ecosystem carbon balance and global climate change. Carbon emissions from Japanese red pine stands (Pinus densiflora S. et Z.) burned by crown... Carbon emissions from forest fires are considered an important factor of ecosystem carbon balance and global climate change. Carbon emissions from Japanese red pine stands (Pinus densiflora S. et Z.) burned by crown fire were estimated at Mt. Palgong in Daegu Metropolitan City, and crown fuel characteristics, including crown bulk density, crown base height, and fuel moisture content of Japanese red pine, were analyzed. Total biomass combusted was calculated by subtracting the biomass of burned stands from that of unburned stands exhibiting similar stand structures and site environments. Ten trees in the unburned area and five trees in the burned area were cut by using direct harvesting techniques to estimate crown layer biomass. All biomass sampled was oven-dried and weighed. The dry weight ratios of stems, branches, and needles were 7o%, 21%, and 9%, respectively. The available fuel load susceptible to combustion during the crown fire spread was equivalent to 55% of the crown layer biomass. The crown bulk density was 0.24 kg/m3 on average. The estimated amount of CO2 was 23,454 kg CO2/ha for the crown layer. These results will be useful for calculating the amount of CO2 emitted from forest fires and for developing a forest carbon model in P. densiflora forests. 展开更多
关键词 Biomass burning crown fire Fuelcharacteristics Bulk density Pinus densiflora
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Assessing tree crown fire damage integrating linear spectral mixture analysis and supervised machine learning on Sentinel-2 imagery
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作者 Giandomenico De Luca Giuseppe Modica +2 位作者 Joao M.N.Silva Salvatore Praticò JoséM.C.Pereira 《International Journal of Digital Earth》 SCIE EI 2023年第1期3162-3198,共37页
Crown fire damage is a mixture of three principal fire-related components:charred material,scorched foliage,and unaltered green canopy.This study estimated the abundance of these physical alterations in two immediate ... Crown fire damage is a mixture of three principal fire-related components:charred material,scorched foliage,and unaltered green canopy.This study estimated the abundance of these physical alterations in two immediate post-fire Mediterranean forest contexts(Portugal and Italy)by applying linear spectral mixture analysis(LSMA)on Sentinel-2 imagery.The tree crowns fire damage was subsequently mapped,integrating fractional abundance information in a random forest(RF)algorithm,comparing the accuracy resulting from the adoption of generic or image spectral libraries as the primary investigative goal.Although image-derived endmembers resulted in more effectiveness in terms of fire-related components abundance quantification(LMSAderived RMSE<0.1),the F-scores always were≥90%whether generic endmembers or image endmembers derived information was employed.The environmental heterogeneity of the two study areas affected the fire severity gradients,with a prevalence of the charred(PT)(45–46%)and green class(IT)(44–53%).Post-fire temporal monitoring was initialized by applying the proposed strategies,and the preliminary results showed a positive recovery trend in forest vegetation from the first year following the fire event,with a reduced charcoal predominance and an increasing proportion of green components. 展开更多
关键词 Post-fire assessment fire severity post-fire vegetation recovery random forest(RF) scikit-learn fraction image extraction spectral unmixing endmembers crown fire damage mapping fully constrained least squares pixel purity index
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A new method of calculating crown projection area and its comparative accuracy with conventional calculations for asymmetric tree crowns
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作者 Mingrui Zhang Huiquan Bi +1 位作者 Xingji Jin Michael McLean 《Journal of Forestry Research》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第4期171-188,共18页
This paper introduces a new method of calculating crown projection area(CPA),the area of level ground covered by a vertical projection of a tree crown from measured crown radii through numerical interpolation and inte... This paper introduces a new method of calculating crown projection area(CPA),the area of level ground covered by a vertical projection of a tree crown from measured crown radii through numerical interpolation and integration.This novel method and other four existing methods of calculating CPA were compared using detailed crown radius measurements from 30 tall trees of Eucalyptus pilularis variable in crown size,shape,and asymmetry.The four existing methods included the polygonal approach and three ways of calculating CPA as the area of a circle using the arithmetic,geometric and quadratic mean radius.Comparisons were made across a sequence of eight non-consecutive numbers(from 2 to 16)of measured crown radii for each tree over the range of crown asymmetry of the 30 trees through generalized linear models and multiple comparisons of means.The sequence covered the range of the number of crown radii measured for calculating the CPA of a tree in the literature.A crown asymmetry index within the unit interval was calculated for each tree to serve as a normative measure.With a slight overestimation of 2.2%on average and an overall mean error size of 7.9%across the numbers of crown radii that were compared,our new method was the least biased and most accurate.Calculating CPA as a circle using the quadratic mean crown radius was the second best,which had an average overestimation of 4.5%and overall mean error size of 8.8%.These two methods remained by and large unbiased as crown asymmetry increased,while the other three methods showed larger bias of underestimation.For the conventional method of using the arithmetic mean crown radius to calculate CPA as a circle,bias correction factors were developed as a function of crown asymmetry index to delineate the increasing magnitude of bias associated with greater degrees of crown asymmetry.This study reveals and demonstrates such relationships between the accuracy of CPA calculations and crown asymmetry and will help increase awareness among researchers and practitioners on the existence of bias in their CPA calculations and for the need to use an unbiased method in the future.Our new method is recommended for calculating CPA where at least four crown radius measurements per tree are available because that is the minimum number required for its use. 展开更多
关键词 crown radius measurements Interpolated crown contour Projected crown area Multiple comparisons of means
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Differential modulation of crown allometry and stem growth at gap edges in five European tree species by drought conditions
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作者 Luke Bohnhorst Peter Biber +2 位作者 Torben Hilmers Enno Uhl Hans Pretzsch 《Forest Ecosystems》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第5期618-631,共14页
Background In Central Europe,forests are increasingly affected by various disturbances,resulting in an increasing gap formation in the canopy.In order to support goal-oriented management,more knowledge is required abo... Background In Central Europe,forests are increasingly affected by various disturbances,resulting in an increasing gap formation in the canopy.In order to support goal-oriented management,more knowledge is required about the acclimation of the crown and its effects on the basal area growth of trees at the edge of a gap.Methods This work compared trees'growth and crown structure at the edge of a transient gap,with a gap size of more than 80m^(2),with trees in the stand that were at least 30m away from the gap.A total of 249 European beeches(Fagus sylvatica L.),Norway spruces(Picea abies L.Karst),Scots pines(Pinus sylvestris L.),oaks(Quercus spp.;Quercus petraea(Matt.)Liebl.,Quercus robur L.),and silver firs(Abies alba Mill.)were examined on long-term experimental plots in southern Germany.Various crown measures were developed and calculated using high-resolution terrestrial laser scanning(TLiDAR)to capture the three-dimensional crown structures.Growth responses to edge conditions were measured based on tree rings.Using linear mixed models,we predict the basal area increment of edge trees relative to trees in the stand under wet and dry soil moisture conditions after the gap formation.Results We identified i)species-specific acclimation of the crown of edge trees after the gap formation,ii)under wet soil moisture conditions a growth increase of 25%–45%for beech,pine,and oak edge trees and growth losses of 5%–60%for spruce and fir and iii)coniferous tree species benefited from the edge position regarding their basal area increment under dry soil moisture conditions and deciduous tree species grew regardless of the soil moisture conditions at the edge of a gap.Conclusion Gaps have a species-specific effect on the habitus and growth of edge trees and can have both positive and negative impacts on silviculture. 展开更多
关键词 Canopy gaps Disturbance Growth TLiDAR Drought stress crown structure ACCLIMATION
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Interfacial engineering through lead binding using crown ethers in perovskite solar cells
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作者 Sun-Ju Kim YeonJu Kim +8 位作者 Ramesh Kumar Chitumalla Gayoung Ham Thanh-Danh Nguyen Joonkyung Jang Hyojung Cha Jovana Milić Jun-Ho Yum Kevin Sivula Ji-Youn Seo 《Journal of Energy Chemistry》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第5期263-270,共8页
In the domain of perovskite solar cells(PSCs),the imperative to reconcile impressive photovoltaic performance with lead-related issue and environmental stability has driven innovative solutions.This study pioneers an ... In the domain of perovskite solar cells(PSCs),the imperative to reconcile impressive photovoltaic performance with lead-related issue and environmental stability has driven innovative solutions.This study pioneers an approach that not only rectifies lead leakage but also places paramount importance on the attainment of rigorous interfacial passivation.Crown ethers,notably benzo-18-crown-6-ether(B18C6),were strategically integrated at the perovskite-hole transport material interface.Crown ethers exhibit a dual role:efficiently sequestering and immobilizing Pb^(2+)ions through host-guest complexation and simultaneously establishing a robust interfacial passivation layer.Selected crown ether candidates,guided by density functional theory(DFT)calculations,demonstrated proficiency in binding Pb2+ions and optimizing interfacial energetics.Photovoltaic devices incorporating these materials achieved exceptional power conversion efficiency(PCE),notably 21.7%for B18C6,underscoring their efficacy in lead binding and interfacial passivation.Analytical techniques,including time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry(ToF-SIMS),ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy(UPS),time-resolved photoluminescence(TRPL),and transient absorption spectroscopy(TAS),unequivocally affirmed Pb^(2+)ion capture and suppression of non-radiative recombination.Notably,these PSCs maintained efficiency even after enduring 300 h of exposure to 85%relative humidity.This research underscores the transformative potential of crown ethers,simultaneously addressing lead binding and stringent interfacial passivation for sustainable PSCs poised to commercialize and advance renewable energy applications. 展开更多
关键词 Perovskite solar cells Interfacial passivation crown ether materials Stability
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Crown aldoxime ethers:Their synthesis,structure,acid-catalyzed/photo-induced isomerization and adjustable guest binding
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作者 Yulin Mao Jingyu Ma +3 位作者 Jiecheng Ji Yuliang Wang Wanhua Wu Cheng Yang 《Chinese Chemical Letters》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第11期318-322,共5页
A series of novel crown aldoxime ethers were synthesized,demonstrating notable thermal and hydrolysis stability.The showcased acid-catalyzed and photo-induced cis/trans isomerization,which enables orthogonal control o... A series of novel crown aldoxime ethers were synthesized,demonstrating notable thermal and hydrolysis stability.The showcased acid-catalyzed and photo-induced cis/trans isomerization,which enables orthogonal control over both guest complexation and the chiroptical effects of these crown aldoxime ethers,manifesting a regulation of complexation through isomerization at binding heteroatoms. 展开更多
关键词 crown aldoxime ether Cis/trans isomerization PHOTOISOMERIZATION Chiroptical induction Orthogonal control
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Developing nonlinear additive tree crown width models based on decomposed competition index and tree variables 被引量:1
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作者 Siyu Qiu Peiwen Gao +4 位作者 Lei Pan Lai Zhou Ruiting Liang Yujun Sun Yifu Wang 《Journal of Forestry Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2023年第5期1407-1422,共16页
Crown development is closely related to the biomass and growth rate of the tree and its width(CW)is an important covariable in growth and yield models and in forest management.To date,various CW models have been propo... Crown development is closely related to the biomass and growth rate of the tree and its width(CW)is an important covariable in growth and yield models and in forest management.To date,various CW models have been proposed.However,limited studies have explicitly focused on additive and inherent correlation of crown components and total CW as well as the influence of competition on crown radius from the corresponding direction.In this study,two model systems were used,i.e.,aggregation method system(AMS)and disaggregation method system(DMS),to develop crown width additive model systems.For calculating spatially explicit competition index(CI),four neighbor tree selection methods were evaluated.CI was decomposed into four cardinal directions and added into the model systems.Results show that the power model form was more proper for our data to fit CW growth.For each crown radius and total CW,height to the diameter at breast height(HDR)and basal area of trees larger than the subject tree(BAL)significantly contributed to the increase of prediction accuracy.The 3-m fixed radius was optimal among the four neighborhoods selection ways.After adding decomposed competition Hegyi index into model systems AMS and DMS,the prediction accuracy improved.Of the model systems evaluated,AMS based on decomposed CI provided the best performance as well as the inherent correlation and additivity properties.Our study highlighted the importance of decomposed CI in tree CW modelling for additive model systems.This study focused on methodology and could be applied to other species or stands. 展开更多
关键词 Competition decomposition ADDITIVITY crown width Spatially explicit Competitor selection
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Prediction of tree crown width in natural mixed forests using deep learning algorithm
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作者 Yangping Qin Biyun Wu +1 位作者 Xiangdong Lei Linyan Feng 《Forest Ecosystems》 SCIE CSCD 2023年第3期287-297,共11页
Crown width(CW)is one of the most important tree metrics,but obtaining CW data is laborious and timeconsuming,particularly in natural forests.The Deep Learning(DL)algorithm has been proposed as an alternative to tradi... Crown width(CW)is one of the most important tree metrics,but obtaining CW data is laborious and timeconsuming,particularly in natural forests.The Deep Learning(DL)algorithm has been proposed as an alternative to traditional regression,but its performance in predicting CW in natural mixed forests is unclear.The aims of this study were to develop DL models for predicting tree CW of natural spruce-fir-broadleaf mixed forests in northeastern China,to analyse the contribution of tree size,tree species,site quality,stand structure,and competition to tree CW prediction,and to compare DL models with nonlinear mixed effects(NLME)models for their reliability.An amount of total 10,086 individual trees in 192 subplots were employed in this study.The results indicated that all deep neural network(DNN)models were free of overfitting and statistically stable within 10-fold cross-validation,and the best DNN model could explain 69%of the CW variation with no significant heteroskedasticity.In addition to diameter at breast height,stand structure,tree species,and competition showed significant effects on CW.The NLME model(R^(2)=0.63)outperformed the DNN model(R^(2)=0.54)in predicting CW when the six input variables were consistent,but the results were the opposite when the DNN model(R^(2)=0.69)included all 22 input variables.These results demonstrated the great potential of DL in tree CW prediction. 展开更多
关键词 Mixed forests Deep neural networks crown width Stand structure COMPETITION
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Changes in concentrations and transcripts of plant hormones in wheat seedling roots in response to Fusarium crown rot
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作者 Yutian Gao Xuejun Tian +10 位作者 Weidong Wang Xiangru Xu Yuqing Su Jiatian Yang Shuonan Duan Jinlong Li Mingming Xin Huiru Peng Qixin Sun Chaojie Xie Jun Ma 《The Crop Journal》 SCIE CSCD 2023年第5期1441-1450,共10页
Fusarium crown rot(FCR) is a soilborne disease causing severe yield losses in many wheat-growing areas of the world. Diseased plants show browning and necrosis of roots and stems causing white heads at maturity. Littl... Fusarium crown rot(FCR) is a soilborne disease causing severe yield losses in many wheat-growing areas of the world. Diseased plants show browning and necrosis of roots and stems causing white heads at maturity. Little is known about the molecular processes employed by wheat roots to respond to the disease. We characterized morphological, transcriptional and hormonal changes in wheat seedling roots following challenge with Fusarium pseudograminearum(Fp), the main pathogen of FCR. The pathogen inhibited root development to various extents depending on plants' resistance level. Many genes responsive to FCR infection in wheat roots were enriched in plant hormone pathways. The contents of compounds involved in biosynthesis and metabolism of jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, cytokinin and auxin were drastically changed in roots at five days post-inoculation. Presoaking seeds in methyl jasmonate for 24 h promoted FCR resistance, whereas presoaking with cytokinin 6-benzylaminopurine made plants more susceptible. Overexpression of TaOPR3, a gene involved in jasmonic acid biosynthesis, enhanced plant resistance as well as root and shoot growth during infection. 展开更多
关键词 Fusarium crown rot(FCR) Wheat HORMONE ROOT TaOPR3
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Wave Force on the Crown Wall of Rubble Mound Breakwaters at Intermediate Depths
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作者 HAN Xinyu DONG Sheng 《Journal of Ocean University of China》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2023年第1期53-64,共12页
Rubble mound breakwaters with a crown wall are a common coastal engineering structure.The wave force on crown walls is an important parameter for the practice engineering design.Particularly,the wave force on crown wa... Rubble mound breakwaters with a crown wall are a common coastal engineering structure.The wave force on crown walls is an important parameter for the practice engineering design.Particularly,the wave force on crown walls under intermediate depths has been studied through physical model tests and numerical simulations.In this study,a three-dimensional numerical wave flume was developed to investigate monochromatic wave interactions in a rubble mound breakwater with a crown wall.Armor blocks were modeled in detail.The Navier-Stokes equations for two-phase incompressible flows,combined with shear stress transport k-ωturbulence model and volume of fluid method for tracking the free surface,were solved.A set of laboratory experiments were performed to validate the adopted model.Subsequently,a series of numerical simulations were implemented to examine the impacts of different hydrodynamic parameters(including wave height,incident wave period,and water depth)and the berm width on the wave force of the crown wall.Finally,a comparison of the experimental results and Martin method shows that the latter method is not suitable for this experimental scope.New empirical formulas are proposed to predict the wave force on crown walls under intermediate depth.The results can provide a basis for the design of crown wall of rubble mound breakwaters at intermediate depths. 展开更多
关键词 wave force crown wall rubble mound breakwater intermediate depth experimental test numerical simulation
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Li^(+)-ion bound crown ether functionalization enables dual promotion of dynamics and thermodynamics for ambient ammonia synthesis
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作者 Qiyang Cheng Sisi Liu +8 位作者 Mengfan Wang Lifang Zhang Yanzheng He Jiajie Ni Jingru Zhang Chengwei Deng Yi Sun Tao Qian Chenglin Yan 《Journal of Energy Chemistry》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2023年第10期191-197,I0007,共8页
Electrosynthesis of ammonia from the reduction of nitrogen is still confronted with the limited supply of gas reactant in dynamics as well as high activation barrier in thermodynamics.Unfortunately,despite tremendous ... Electrosynthesis of ammonia from the reduction of nitrogen is still confronted with the limited supply of gas reactant in dynamics as well as high activation barrier in thermodynamics.Unfortunately,despite tremendous efforts devoted to electrocatalysts themselves,they still fail to tackle the above two challenges simultaneously.Herein,we employ a heterogeneous catalyst adlayer-composed of crown ethers associated with Li^(+)ions-to achieve the dual promotion of dynamics and thermodynamics for ambient ammonia synthesis.Dynamically,the bound Li^(+)ions interact with the strong quadrupole moment of nitrogen,and trigger considerable reactant flux toward the catalyst.Thermodynamically,Li^(+)associated with the oxygen of crown ether achieves a higher density of states at the Fermi level for the catalyst,enabling effortless electron transfer from the catalysts to nitrogen and thus greatly reducing the activation barrier.As expected,the proof-of-concept system achieves an ammonia yield rate of 168.5μg h^(-1)mg^(-1)and a Faradaic efficiency of 75.3%at-0.3 V vs.RHE.This system-level approach opens up pathways for tackling the two key challenges that have limited the field of ammonia synthesis. 展开更多
关键词 Li^(+)-ion bound crown ether DYNAMICS Thermodynamics Nitrogen reduction Ammonia synthesis
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Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Responses of Bis(15-crown-5)-stilbenes Binding to One-or Two-Alkali Metal Cation(Li^(+),Na^(+)and K^(+))
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作者 Hai-Ling Yu Tong Zhang +2 位作者 Tian-Liang Ma Bo Hong Zhi-Qiang Cheng 《Chinese Journal of Chemical Physics》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2023年第5期601-612,I0002,共13页
Bis(15-crown-5)-stilbenes containing crown ether parts have been widely used in a variety of chemical applications,such as cation detectors,because of their ability to selectively bind to alkali metal cations,Bis(15-c... Bis(15-crown-5)-stilbenes containing crown ether parts have been widely used in a variety of chemical applications,such as cation detectors,because of their ability to selectively bind to alkali metal cations,Bis(15-crown-5)-stilbenes and its derivatives with complexation of one-or two-alkali metal cation(Li^(+),Na^(+)and K^(+))have been theoretically investigat-ed by quantum chemistry methods.The coordination of alkali cations results in partial shrinkage of crown ethers,which directly affected natural distribution analysis charges and molecular orbital energy levels.The number of alkali metal ions has significant effects on absorption spectra and mean second hyperpolarizability.When one alkali metal ion was added to the anticonformer of bis(15-crown-5)-stilbene,the absorption spectra were obvious-ly redshifted and the mean second hyperpolarizability values were slightly increased;while two alkali metal ions were added to bis(15-crown-5)-stilbene,the absorption spectra were ob-viously blue shifted and the mean second hyperpolarizability values decreased.On the other hand,as the radius of the alkali ions increased,the mean second hyperpolarizability values of the compounds increased gradually.It is indicated that the mean second hyperpolarizability value is sensitive to the number and radius of the alkali metal cations,thus the third order nonlinear optical response can be used as a signal to detect the number and type of alkali met-al ions. 展开更多
关键词 Bis(crown)-stilbene Cation detector Metal cation Quantum chemistry Sec-ond hyperpolarizability
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Replacement of Unesthetic Posterior Metal Crowns with Monolithic Zirconia Crowns: A Case Report
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作者 Mitsunori Uno Hajime Ishigami 《Open Journal of Stomatology》 2023年第10期334-341,共8页
Advances in metal-free materials and the popularization of Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) have led to the wide clinical use of all-ceramic crowns for esthetic restorations. A 72-year-old woman prese... Advances in metal-free materials and the popularization of Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) have led to the wide clinical use of all-ceramic crowns for esthetic restorations. A 72-year-old woman presented to our hospital with unesthetic restorations on the right upper and lower posterior teeth. Intraoral examination revealed poorly fitting metal crown margins. Defective prostheses were removed, and provisional restorations were provided to stabilize the mandibular position. Optical impressions and the maxillomandibular relationship were recorded using an intraoral scanner, and monolithic zirconia crowns were fabricated using CAD/CAM technology for complete veneer crown restorative treatment. Occlusal examination revealed an improvement in occlusal force distribution at initial examination (right side: 33.5%, left side: 66.5%) after placement of the zirconia crowns (right side: 54.9%, left side: 45.1%). Occlusal force and occlusal force distribution area also showed an increasing trend. The Oral Health Impact Profile short form (OHIP-14) score decreased from 7 points at initial examination to 0 points after prosthodontic treatment. Appropriate diagnosis and treatment planning contributed to the increased occlusal force and balanced occlusal force distribution. Therefore, the present case indicates the potential of monolithic zirconia crowns to achieve both esthetic and stable functional outcomes. 展开更多
关键词 Monolithic Zirconia crown Intraoral Scanner Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing
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Assessment of Cork Oak Decline Using Digital Multispectral Imagery in Relation with in Situ Crown Condition
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作者 Soumia El Ahmadi Hassan Ramzi +2 位作者 Abderrahman Aafi Nejm Eddine Jmii Taoufik Aadel 《Open Journal of Forestry》 2023年第1期145-160,共16页
Cork oak in Maamora forest is experiencing the dieback phenomenon. The evaluation of the latter in this forest has gained the importance over time and with the solicitation of managers to objectify its phytosanitary s... Cork oak in Maamora forest is experiencing the dieback phenomenon. The evaluation of the latter in this forest has gained the importance over time and with the solicitation of managers to objectify its phytosanitary situation. Aiming at prioritizing management actions, remote sensing seems to be an effective tool to inquire about stands’ health conditions and their evolution. To this end, this study aims at mapping and validating health status of cork oak stands in Maamora. Sentinel 2 images in 2015 and 2020 were processed to calculate the differential normalized difference water index (NDWI), revealing vegetation moisture variation caused by drought. A statistical method based on thresholds was used to map cork oak dieback stands, those with no changes and those recovered. Results have shown that 54.63% of cork oak in Maamora forest have not changed in terms of phytosanitary situation between 2015 and 2020, 31.10% of oak stands are afflicted by a slight decline and 12.97% by a severe decline. Areas with slight or strong recovery remain minimal and represent 1.04% and 0.25% respectively. Ground data indicated that the map generated displayed a good distinction between stands severely and slightly declined with a global accuracy of 66.66%. Therefore, further research elaborating an advanced vegetation index reflecting the various factors of dieback would be of much importance. 展开更多
关键词 DIEBACK Cork Oak Forest Mâamora Satellite Images crown Condition
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An Evaluation of Crown Structure and Site Index to Determine Crown Closure in Eucalyptus urophylla × E. grandis Stands in Guangxi,China 被引量:2
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作者 陶玉华 Roger WILLIAMS +12 位作者 Carol BROWN 曹书阁 Rachael CRANE Raymond DUVAL Dani FLOWERS Jonathan FRANKO Rachel HEFFLINGER Jonathan JOO Anne MAURO Crista RIEDY Margaret SMYTH Shawn STONE 谭丽凤 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2014年第6期1005-1011,共7页
Eucalyptus forests are grown in many parts of the world for their commercial value and use in construction projects. Density management becomes im- portant as a means to attain the management goals in these forests. C... Eucalyptus forests are grown in many parts of the world for their commercial value and use in construction projects. Density management becomes im- portant as a means to attain the management goals in these forests. Changes in canopy and tree crown structure were quantified for Eucalyptus urophylla x E. grandis forests at different ages to determine when canopy closure occurs and the onset of competition begins. Site index was developed for these forests to determine whether site quality affects the canopy structure. Site index had little effect in the forests sampled, with the forest canopy on the better sites becoming slightly more elongated. Based upon crown projection ratio and crown diameter: dbh (diameter at breast height) ratio, it appears that crown closure occurs by age 4 years in these forests. The age at which this occurs was also checked and verified with the evaluation of relative spacing, RS (the ratio of the mean distance between trees to the average dominant height of the stand). The RS value displayed a rapid decline until age 4 years, and then became relatively flat through age 21 years. The rapid height growth during the first 3 years with no change in density accounted for this rapid decrease. By age 4 years, reductions in the number of trees due to mortality began to have more of an influence on this value, resulting in a more gradual de- cline. The implications for management are discussed. 展开更多
关键词 Site index crown structure Forest canopy Relative spacing crownclosure
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The circadian clock in enamel development
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作者 Ke Wu Xiaochan Li +3 位作者 Yunyang Bai Boon Chin Heng Xuehui Zhang Xuliang Deng 《International Journal of Oral Science》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第3期371-380,共10页
Circadian rhythms are self-sustaining oscillations within biological systems that play key roles in a diverse multitude of physiological processes.The circadian clock mechanisms in brain and peripheral tissues can osc... Circadian rhythms are self-sustaining oscillations within biological systems that play key roles in a diverse multitude of physiological processes.The circadian clock mechanisms in brain and peripheral tissues can oscillate independently or be synchronized/disrupted by external stimuli.Dental enamel is a type of mineralized tissue that forms the exterior surface of the tooth crown.Incremental Retzius lines are readily observable microstructures of mature tooth enamel that indicate the regulation of amelogenesis by circadian rhythms.Teeth enamel is formed by enamel-forming cells known as ameloblasts,which are regulated and orchestrated by the circadian clock during amelogenesis.This review will first examine the key roles of the circadian clock in regulating ameloblasts and amelogenesis.Several physiological processes are involved,including gene expression,cell morphology,metabolic changes,matrix deposition,ion transportation,and mineralization.Next,the potential detrimental effects of circadian rhythm disruption on enamel formation are discussed.Circadian rhythm disruption can directly lead to Enamel Hypoplasia,which might also be a potential causative mechanism of amelogenesis imperfecta.Finally,future research trajectory in this field is extrapolated.It is hoped that this review will inspire more intensive research efforts and provide relevant cues in formulating novel therapeutic strategies for preventing tooth enamel developmental abnormalities. 展开更多
关键词 ENAMEL crown EXTERIOR
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Research on Crown Grafting of Seedling Cashew Trees
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作者 黄海杰 赵丽 +2 位作者 张中润 王金辉 黄伟坚 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2016年第12期2823-2825,共3页
Objective] The study was aimed to improve the yield and quality of cashew. [Method] Through the comparative analysis, the survival rate, new germi-nation and yield characteristics of the cutting stems with different h... Objective] The study was aimed to improve the yield and quality of cashew. [Method] Through the comparative analysis, the survival rate, new germi-nation and yield characteristics of the cutting stems with different heights by stem grafting and bark grafting. [Result] The best cutting stem height of cashew should be in 100-150 cm, when the number of new germinated shoots was 85.5-87.7. Stem grafting could significantly improve the survival rate of the shooting branch (92.7%), growth condition of which was better than that of bark grafting, and it also had no clip cortex. The yield of stem grafting was significantly higher than that of bark grafting, and it could reach up to 18.1 kg/plant in 4 years. The branches from stem grafting had significantly better ability in resisting the wind damage than those from bark grafting. [Conclusion] The study provided references for the crown grafting of cashew planting in China. 展开更多
关键词 CASHEW Seedling tree crown grafting
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Morphometric Attributes of Two Native Forage Species According to Water Source Distance in Semiarid Central Grasslands of Argentina
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作者 Carla Etel Suárez María Sol Rossini +1 位作者 Ernesto Francisco Atilio Morici Héctor Daniel Esterlich 《Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany》 SCIE 2024年第8期2063-2074,共12页
The semiarid grasslands of Argentina’s central region have been modified by domestic livestock grazing,both in their composition and structure.The increase in the proportion of woody and non-forage species and the de... The semiarid grasslands of Argentina’s central region have been modified by domestic livestock grazing,both in their composition and structure.The increase in the proportion of woody and non-forage species and the decrease in forage species are some of the most evident results of this process.There is limited available information about the effect of differential grazing pressures on morphometric attributes of native species,and it also depends on the life histories of the species in this grassland.The objective of this work was to evaluate some morphometric aspects in the grasses Poa ligularis Nees ex Steud and Piptochaetium napostaense(Speg.).Hack according to distance from the water source in communities in the central semiarid region of Argentina.The study area included areas of low grassland,golden forests,and secondary forests in grasslands(6 fields with 9 paddocks).Grazing pressure was established based on the distance to the water source,so sampling areas were designated near the water source(grazing pressure is greater)and far from the water source(grazing pressure light)in each of the pastures.In both species,specimens were selected at random,and the following attributes were measured:crown diameter at ground level(cm),burial depth(cm),average tiller weight per plant(g.Marcello^(−1)),and the density of tillers per unit of crown surface(tillers.cm^(−2)crown).The morphometric attributes evaluated showed differences according to the distance to the watering hole and in the different pastures.Both species presented similar behaviors for the attributes.There were significant differences in the depth of burial and the average weight of tillers per plant,being greater in the areas close to the water source.Regarding the distance to the watering hole,there were no significant differences in crown diameter and tiller density,but the highest values were recorded for the former near the watering hole and for the second far from the watering hole.In pastures with low grassland or secondary forest on the plain,the greatest depth of burial and weight of tillers was recorded closer to the water.In forest areas,the highest density of tillers was found far from the water.For crown diameter,although there was no interaction,the largest diameters were found in plain grassland areas near the waterhole.In general,both species had a differential behavior depending on the grazing pressure that was evident along the physiognomic gradient from plain grassland to forest and that could be interpreted as a strategy to perpetuate themselves against herbivory. 展开更多
关键词 Grazing pressure tiller density tiller weight crown burial depth Poa ligularis Piptochaetium napostaense
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Application of the Plate Crown Prediction
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作者 姚小兰 张迪生 梁启宏 《Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology》 EI CAS 2002年第1期37-40,共4页
The program of the plate crown optimal prediction applied in the plate mill of Wuhan Iron and Steel(Group) Co. Ltd. is described. Optimal prediction is programmed in ALPHA 4000. The original profile, wear, expansion ... The program of the plate crown optimal prediction applied in the plate mill of Wuhan Iron and Steel(Group) Co. Ltd. is described. Optimal prediction is programmed in ALPHA 4000. The original profile, wear, expansion and deformation of work rolls are introduced into the program. The plate crown is controlled by the original profile of work rolls and the draft whose objective is the optimal plate crown. The run schedule is also optimized through the optimal prediction of the plate crown. 展开更多
关键词 plate rolling plate crown four high mill hot rolling
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Calix[4]Crowns类化合物在分离铯中的应用
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作者 董志敏 黄永标 +4 位作者 张志宾 王有群 戴荧 曹小红 刘云海 《湿法冶金》 CAS 北大核心 2017年第6期452-459,共8页
Calix[4]Crowns类化合物作为超分子识别材料能够有效地分离铯,并能很好地应用在溶剂萃取、液膜萃取、色谱分离等领域。介绍了Calix[4]Crowns类化合物及其复合超分子材料对铯离子的识别和分离效果,为寻求对Cs(Ⅰ)有优异配合能力的Calix[4... Calix[4]Crowns类化合物作为超分子识别材料能够有效地分离铯,并能很好地应用在溶剂萃取、液膜萃取、色谱分离等领域。介绍了Calix[4]Crowns类化合物及其复合超分子材料对铯离子的识别和分离效果,为寻求对Cs(Ⅰ)有优异配合能力的Calix[4]Crowns类有机配体结构及相应的功能材料提供参考。 展开更多
关键词 crowns类化合物 溶剂萃取 色谱分离 Cs(Ⅰ)
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