In obesity, persistent low-grade inflammation is considered as a major contributor towards the progression to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes while in lean subjects the immune environment is non-inflammatory. M...In obesity, persistent low-grade inflammation is considered as a major contributor towards the progression to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes while in lean subjects the immune environment is non-inflammatory. Massive adipose tissue(AT) infiltration by pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages and several T cell subsets as obesity develops leads to the accumulation-both in the AT and systemically-of numerous pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β(IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor a, IL-17 and IL-6 which are strongly associated with the progression of the obese phenotype towards the metabolic syndrome. At the same time, anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages and Th subsets producing the antiinflammatory cytokines IL-10, IL-5 and interferon-γ, including Th2 and T-reg cells are correlated to the maintenance of AT homeostasis in lean individuals. Here, we discuss the basic principles in the control of the interaction between the AT and infiltrating immune cells both in the lean and the obese condition with a special emphasis on the contribution of pro-and antiinflammatory cytokines to the establishment of the insulinresistant state. In this context, we will discuss the current knowledge about alterations in the levels on pro-and antiinflammatory cytokines in obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus, in humans and animal models. Finally, we also briefly survey the recent novel therapeutic strategies that attempt to alleviate or reverse insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes via the administration of recombinant inhibitory antibodies directed towards some pro-inflammatory cytokines.展开更多
目的探讨血管性血友病因子(von Willebrand Factor,vWF)对高脂饮食诱导的肥胖及内脏脂肪含量、组织炎症的影响。方法 16只8周大雄性WT小鼠随机分为普通饮食组(WTNC)、高脂饮食组(WT HFD),16只8周大vWF基因敲除小鼠随机分为普通饮食组(vW...目的探讨血管性血友病因子(von Willebrand Factor,vWF)对高脂饮食诱导的肥胖及内脏脂肪含量、组织炎症的影响。方法 16只8周大雄性WT小鼠随机分为普通饮食组(WTNC)、高脂饮食组(WT HFD),16只8周大vWF基因敲除小鼠随机分为普通饮食组(vWFKONC)、高脂饮食组(vWFKOHFD),一共四组,每组8只,普通饮食组给予普通饲料喂养,高脂饮食组给予60%高脂饲料喂养。12周后对比各组小鼠体重、附睾脂肪含量及附睾脂肪的病理形态和炎症表达水平。结果相较于普通饮食,高脂饮食可显著增加WT、vWF基因敲除小鼠的体重及附睾脂肪含量;而对比高脂饮食vWF基因敲除和高脂饮食WT小鼠,发现前者的体重、附睾脂肪含量均明显小于后者[体重:(30.44±0.60) g vs (43.74±0.78) g,附睾脂肪含量:(1.14±0.11) g vs (3.01±0.04) g,P值均<0.05],进一步对上述2组附睾脂肪组织进行HE病理分析,发现前者附睾脂肪中"王冠样结构"[1]的数量少于后者,且附睾脂肪RT-PCR分析显示前者MCP-1、TNF-α、IL-β和IL-6的表达均低于后者(P值均<0.05)。结论 vWF基因敲除可抑制高脂饮食小鼠的体重增长和附睾脂肪含量,同时可降低脂肪组织炎症水平。展开更多
Individual tree detection and delineation(ITDD)is an important subject in forestry and urban forestry.This study represents the first research to propose the concept of crown resolution to comprehensively evaluate the...Individual tree detection and delineation(ITDD)is an important subject in forestry and urban forestry.This study represents the first research to propose the concept of crown resolution to comprehensively evaluate the co-effect of image resolution and crown size on deep learning.Six images with different resolutions were derived from a DJI Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV),and 1344 manually delineated Chinese fir(Cunninghamia lanceolata(Lamb)Hook)tree crowns were used for six training and validation mask region-based convolutional neural network(Mask R-CNN)models,while additional 476 delineated tree crowns were reserved for testing.The overall detection accuracy,the influence of different crown sizes,and crown resolutions were calculated to evaluate model performance accuracy with different image resolutions for ITDD.Results show that the highest accuracy was achieved when the crown resolution was between 800 and 12800 pixels/tree.The accuracy of ITDD was impacted by crown resolution,and it was unable to effectively identify Chinese fir when the crown resolution was less than 25 pixels/tree or higher than 12800 pixels/tree.The study highlights crown resolution as a critical factor affecting ITDD and suggests selecting the appropriate resolution based on the target detected crown size.展开更多
The complexes of rare earth picrate with N,N,N’,N’-tetraphenyl-3,6-dioxaoctanediamide(TDD),Eu(picc(TDD)] 2CH3CN and [ Y(pic)3(TDD)],have been synthesized.The crystal structures reveal that TDD at is as n tetradentat...The complexes of rare earth picrate with N,N,N’,N’-tetraphenyl-3,6-dioxaoctanediamide(TDD),Eu(picc(TDD)] 2CH3CN and [ Y(pic)3(TDD)],have been synthesized.The crystal structures reveal that TDD at is as n tetradentate ligand,forming a ring-like coordination structure with its oxygen atoms together with one oxygen atom of the bidentate pterate In the Eu(Ⅲ) complex,the europium ion with a larger ionic radius lies out of the ring,while in the Y(Ⅲ) complex,the yttrium ion with a smaller ionic radius enters the cavity of the ligand.The structures of the complexes are greatly affected by the ionic radii due to participation of the picrates in coordination.展开更多
基金Supported by The Franco--Brazilian CAPES/COFECUB colla-boration program Me797-14supported by a CAPES postdoctoral fellowship
文摘In obesity, persistent low-grade inflammation is considered as a major contributor towards the progression to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes while in lean subjects the immune environment is non-inflammatory. Massive adipose tissue(AT) infiltration by pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages and several T cell subsets as obesity develops leads to the accumulation-both in the AT and systemically-of numerous pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β(IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor a, IL-17 and IL-6 which are strongly associated with the progression of the obese phenotype towards the metabolic syndrome. At the same time, anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages and Th subsets producing the antiinflammatory cytokines IL-10, IL-5 and interferon-γ, including Th2 and T-reg cells are correlated to the maintenance of AT homeostasis in lean individuals. Here, we discuss the basic principles in the control of the interaction between the AT and infiltrating immune cells both in the lean and the obese condition with a special emphasis on the contribution of pro-and antiinflammatory cytokines to the establishment of the insulinresistant state. In this context, we will discuss the current knowledge about alterations in the levels on pro-and antiinflammatory cytokines in obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus, in humans and animal models. Finally, we also briefly survey the recent novel therapeutic strategies that attempt to alleviate or reverse insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes via the administration of recombinant inhibitory antibodies directed towards some pro-inflammatory cytokines.
文摘目的探讨血管性血友病因子(von Willebrand Factor,vWF)对高脂饮食诱导的肥胖及内脏脂肪含量、组织炎症的影响。方法 16只8周大雄性WT小鼠随机分为普通饮食组(WTNC)、高脂饮食组(WT HFD),16只8周大vWF基因敲除小鼠随机分为普通饮食组(vWFKONC)、高脂饮食组(vWFKOHFD),一共四组,每组8只,普通饮食组给予普通饲料喂养,高脂饮食组给予60%高脂饲料喂养。12周后对比各组小鼠体重、附睾脂肪含量及附睾脂肪的病理形态和炎症表达水平。结果相较于普通饮食,高脂饮食可显著增加WT、vWF基因敲除小鼠的体重及附睾脂肪含量;而对比高脂饮食vWF基因敲除和高脂饮食WT小鼠,发现前者的体重、附睾脂肪含量均明显小于后者[体重:(30.44±0.60) g vs (43.74±0.78) g,附睾脂肪含量:(1.14±0.11) g vs (3.01±0.04) g,P值均<0.05],进一步对上述2组附睾脂肪组织进行HE病理分析,发现前者附睾脂肪中"王冠样结构"[1]的数量少于后者,且附睾脂肪RT-PCR分析显示前者MCP-1、TNF-α、IL-β和IL-6的表达均低于后者(P值均<0.05)。结论 vWF基因敲除可抑制高脂饮食小鼠的体重增长和附睾脂肪含量,同时可降低脂肪组织炎症水平。
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province,China:[grant no grant number 2023J05183]the Education and Research Project for Youth Scholars of Education Department of Fujian Province,China:[grant no grant number JAT220206]the Scientific Research Foundation of Minnan Normal University:[grant no grant number KJ2022001].
文摘Individual tree detection and delineation(ITDD)is an important subject in forestry and urban forestry.This study represents the first research to propose the concept of crown resolution to comprehensively evaluate the co-effect of image resolution and crown size on deep learning.Six images with different resolutions were derived from a DJI Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV),and 1344 manually delineated Chinese fir(Cunninghamia lanceolata(Lamb)Hook)tree crowns were used for six training and validation mask region-based convolutional neural network(Mask R-CNN)models,while additional 476 delineated tree crowns were reserved for testing.The overall detection accuracy,the influence of different crown sizes,and crown resolutions were calculated to evaluate model performance accuracy with different image resolutions for ITDD.Results show that the highest accuracy was achieved when the crown resolution was between 800 and 12800 pixels/tree.The accuracy of ITDD was impacted by crown resolution,and it was unable to effectively identify Chinese fir when the crown resolution was less than 25 pixels/tree or higher than 12800 pixels/tree.The study highlights crown resolution as a critical factor affecting ITDD and suggests selecting the appropriate resolution based on the target detected crown size.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of Chinathe Doctoral Foundation of the State Education Commission of China+1 种基金the Climb Plan Foundation of the State ScienceTechnology Commission of China
文摘The complexes of rare earth picrate with N,N,N’,N’-tetraphenyl-3,6-dioxaoctanediamide(TDD),Eu(picc(TDD)] 2CH3CN and [ Y(pic)3(TDD)],have been synthesized.The crystal structures reveal that TDD at is as n tetradentate ligand,forming a ring-like coordination structure with its oxygen atoms together with one oxygen atom of the bidentate pterate In the Eu(Ⅲ) complex,the europium ion with a larger ionic radius lies out of the ring,while in the Y(Ⅲ) complex,the yttrium ion with a smaller ionic radius enters the cavity of the ligand.The structures of the complexes are greatly affected by the ionic radii due to participation of the picrates in coordination.
