Lateral femoral tunnel preparation and graft fixation for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction–A discussion

This article provides a discussion and commentary around the recent advances in arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction(ACLR),with a focus on the aspects of lateral femoral tunnel preparation and graft fixation techniques.The paper explores and comments on a recently published review by Dai et al,titled"Research progress on preparation of lateral femoral tunnel and graft fixation in ACLR",while providing insight into its relevance within the field of ACLR,and recommendations for future research.

Demographic characteristics of patients who underwent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction at a tertiary care hospital in India

BACKGROUND Anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)tears are common sports-related injuries.Their incidence is not the same either for all the sports or for the same sport across various nations.This information is maintained by many sports leagues in their registries.However,very few nationwide registries exist for such injuries.This study is carried out to know the demographic characteristics of patients who underwent ACL reconstruction at our hospital in India.AIM To know the demographic characteristics of patients who underwent ACL reconstruction at a tertiary care hospital in India.METHODS All the patients who underwent ACL reconstruction from January 2020 to December 2021 were retrospectively studied.Patients with multi-ligament injuries or a history of previous knee surgery were excluded.The patients’history was obtained from the hospital records,they were interviewed telephonically,and online questionnaires were given.Their demographic data was analyzed and compared to the existing literature.RESULTS A total of 124 patients were operated on for ACL reconstruction during this period.The mean age of the patients was 27.97 years.One hundred and thirteen patients(91.1%)were male and 11(8.9%)were female.The majority of the patients(47.6%)sustained this injury by road traffic accidents(RTA)followed by sportsrelated injuries(39.5%).The commonest presenting complaint was giving way of the knee in 118 patients(95.2%).The mean duration from the injury to the first hospital visit among the patients was 290.1 d.The mean duration from the injury to surgery was 421.8 d.CONCLUSION ACL patients’demography is different in developing nations as compared to the developed world.RTA are the leading cause of ACL injuries and are followed by recreational sports as a cause.There is delayed access to healthcare leading to delayed diagnosis as well as even greater time to surgery.This,in turn,leads to poorer prognosis and longer rehabilitation.National registries for developing nations are the need of the hour due to the different demographics of ACL injuries in developing countries.

Anatomy of the anterolateral ligament of the knee joint

Despite remarkable improvements in clinical outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction,the residual rotational instability of knee joints remains a major concern.The anterolateral ligament(ALL)has recently gained attention as a distinct ligamentous structure on the anterolateral aspect of the knee joint.Numerous studies investigated the anatomy,function,and biomechanics of ALL to establish its potential role as a stabilizer for anterolateral rotational instability.However,controversies regarding its existence,prevalence,and femoral and tibial insertions need to be addressed.According to a recent consensus,ALL exists as a distinct ligamentous structure on the anterolateral aspect of the knee joint,with some anatomic variations.The aim of this article was to review the updated anatomy of ALL and present the most accepted findings among the existing controversies.Generally,ALL originates slightly proximal and posterior to the lateral epicondyle of the distal femur and has an anteroinferior course toward the tibial insertion between the tip of the fibular head and Gerdy’s tubercle below the lateral tibial plateau.

Consensus Delphi study on guidelines for the assessment of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in children

Background:Knee examination guidelines in minors are intended to aid decisionmaking in the management of knee instability.Clinical question:A Delphi study was conducted with a formal consensus process using a validated methodology with sufficient scientific evidence.A group consensus meeting was held to develop recommendations and practical guidelines for use in the assessment of instability injuries in children.Key findings:there is a lack of evidence to analyse anterior cruciate ligament injuries in children and their subsequent surgical management if necessary.Diagnostic guidelines and clinical assessment of the patient based on a thorough examination of the knee are performed and a guide to anterior cruciate ligament exploration in children is developed.Clinical application:In the absence of a strong evidence base,these established guidelines are intended to assist in that decision-making process to help the clinician decide on the most optimal treatment with the aim of benefiting the patient as much as possible.Following this expert consensus,surgical treatment is advised when the patient has a subjective sensation of instability accompanied by a pivot shift test++,and may include an anterior drawer test+and a Lachman test+.If these conditions are not present,the conservative approach should be chosen,as the anatomical and functional development of children,together with a physiotherapy programme,may improve the evolution of the injury.

Complex knee injuries treated in acute phase: Long-term results using Ligament Augmentation and Reconstruction System artificial ligament

AIM To present the long-term results of complex knee injuries, treated early using the Ligament Augmentation and Reconstruction System(LARS) artificial ligament to reconstruct posterior cruciate ligament(PCL).METHODS From September 1997 to June 2010, thirty-eight complex knee injuries were treated, where early arthroscopic PCL reconstructions were undergone, using the LARS(Surgical Implants and Devices, Arc-sur-Tille, France) artificial ligament. Exclusion criteria were: Late(> 4 wk) reconstruction, open technique, isolated PCL reconstruction, knee degenerative disease, combinedfracture or vascular injury and use of allograft or autograft for PCL reconstruction. Clinical and functional outcomes were assessed with IKDC Subjective Knee Form, KOS-ADLS questionnaire, Lysholm scale and SF-12 Health Survey. Posterior displacement(PD) was measured with the Telos Stress Device. RESULTS Seven patients were excluded; two because of coexisting knee osteoarthritis and the remaining five because of failure to attend the final follow-up. The sample consisted of 31 patients with mean age at the time of reconstruction 33.2 ± 12.5 years(range 17-61). The postoperative follow-up was on average 9.27 ± 4.27 years(range 5-18). The mean average IKDC and KOS scores were 79.32 ± 17.1 and 88.1 ± 12.47% respectively. Average PD was 3.61 ± 2.15 mm compared to 0.91 ± 1.17 mm in the uninjured knees(one with grade 1+ and two with grade 2 +). Dial test was found positive in one patient, whereas the quadriceps active drawer test was positive in three patients. None was tested positive on the reverse-pivot shift test. The range of motion(ROM) was normal in thirty knees, in comparison with the contralateral one. There was no extension deficit. Osteoarthritic changes were found in three knees(9.6%).CONCLUSION Early treatment of complex knee injuries, using LARS artificial ligament for PCL reconstruction sufficiently reduces posterior tibia displacement and provides satisfactory long-term functional outcomes.

Osteoarthritis action alliance consensus opinion-best practice features of anterior cruciate ligament and lower limb injury prevention programs

AIM To identify best practice features of an anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) and lower limb injury prevention programs(IPPs) to reduce osteoarthritis(OA).METHODS This consensus statement started with us performing a systematic literature search for all relevant articles from 1960 through January 2017 in PubM ed, Web of Science and CINAHL. The search strategy combined the Medical Subject Heading(Me SH) and keywords for terms:(1) ACL OR "knee injury" OR "anterior cruciate ligament";(2) "prevention and control" OR "risk reduction" OR "injury prevention" OR "neuromuscular training"; and(3) meta-analysis OR "systematic review" OR "cohort study" OR randomized. We found 166 different titles. The abstracts were reviewed for pertinent papers. The papers were reviewed by at least two authors and consensus of best practice for IPP to prevent OA was obtained by conference calls and e-mail discussions. All authors participated in the discussion.RESULTS The best practice features of an IPP have the following six components:(1) lower extremity and core strengthening;(2) plyometrics;(3) continual feedback to athletes regarding proper technique;(4) sufficient dosage;(5) minimal-to-no additional equipment; and(6) balance training to help prevent injuries. Exercises focused on preventing ankle sprains, hamstring injuries and lateral trunk movements are important. Plyometric exercises should focus on correcting knee valgus movement.Exercises should focus on optimizing the hamstring to quadriceps strength ratio. In order for IPP to be successful, there should be increased education and verbal feedback along with increased athletic compliance. Additional equipment is not necessary. Balance training alone does not significantly reduce injuries, but is beneficial with other exercises. Not enough evidence to recommend stretching and agility exercises, with no ill effects identified. Therefore, we suggest making these optional features.CONCLUSION Best practice features for ACL and lower limb IPPs to help prevent OA contain six key components along with two optional.

Functional Outcomes for Combined Acute Anterior and Posterior Cruciate Knee Injuries Treated Non-Operatively

Introduction: results after non-operative management for knees sustaining combined acute anterior and posterior cruciate ligament tears were presented. Subjects: 13 patients, 10 with medial, and 3 with lateral ligament injury. Methods: non-operative management consisted of employing a brace to prevent sagittal translation of the tibia. Quadriceps muscle and early passive knee motion exercises in the brace was encouraged immediately after arthroscopy. Weight-bearing was forbidden for 3 weeks. The brace was not removed for 3 months. Follow-up periods ranged from 2 to 6 years (mean, 3 years 2 months). Results: none, but one patient had a slight restriction of knee flexion. Quadriceps muscle strength revealed an average of 89.0% of normal side. The knee score indicated 2 patients rated good, 3 rated fair, and 8 rated poor. The score correlated with measurements of anterior and posterior translation on the stress radiograph significantly. Stress radiography revealed that anterior laxity was reduced better than posterior laxity significantly. Conclusion: non-operative brace therapy can be considered for this combined injury as the initial treatment. A late reconstruction would be performed when the result was not satisfactory. Preserved range of motion and muscle strength after brace therapy had a great advantage to the late reconstructive surgery.

Anterolateral complex of the knee: State of the art

Rotatory instability of the knee represents the main reason for failure and poor clinical outcomes regarding anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)reconstruction techniques.It is now clear that the anterolateral complex(ALC)of the knee possesses a fundamental role,in association with the ACL,in controlling internal rotation.Over the past decade,ever since the anterolateral ligament has been identified and described as a distinct structure,there has been a renewed interest in the scientific community about the whole ALC:Lateral extra-articular tenodesis have made a comeback in association with ACL reconstructions to improve functional outcomes,reducing the risks of graft failure and associated injuries.Modern ACL reconstruction surgery must therefore investigate residual instability and proceed,when necessary,to extra-articular techniques,whether functional tenodesis or anatomical reconstruction.This review aims to investigate the latest anatomical and histological descriptions,and the role in rotational control and knee biomechanics of the ALC and its components.The diagnostic tools for its identification,different reconstruction techniques,and possible surgical indications are described..In addition,clinical and functional results available in the literature are reported.

运动疗法对前交叉韧带重建后康复疗效影响的网状Meta分析

目的:运动干预被认为是前交叉韧带重建后康复的基础。然而,关于何种运动疗法在改善前交叉韧带重建后患者膝关节肌肉力量和功能方面更有效,目前仍未得出明确结论。为此,文章采用网状Meta分析方法,比较运动疗法治疗前交叉韧带重建后的疗效,为选择最佳运动疗法提供循证医学依据。方法:计算机检索PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,The Cochrane Library及EBSCO数据库运动疗法治疗前交叉韧带重建后的随机对照试验,检索时限均从建库至2023-11-20。结局指标包括股四头肌肌力、腘绳肌肌力、膝关节功能评分3个连续性变量。运用EndNote X9.1软件筛选文献。采用Cochrane风险偏倚评估工具对纳入的文献进行质量评价,根据GRADE评分对文章结果的证据强度进行评级,采用Stata 16.0进行网状Meta分析。结果:①共纳入36项随机对照试验,包括1179例前交叉韧带重建后患者,纳入文献整体质量中等;涉及9种运动疗法:等速训练、交叉训练、离心训练、水中康复、血流限制训练、运动控制训练、增强式训练、全身振动训练和综合训练;对照措施为常规康复训练。②网状Meta分析结果显示:与常规康复训练相比,离心训练(SMD=2.08,95%CI:0.56-3.60,P=0.007)对前交叉韧带重建后患者股四头肌肌力的改善效果最佳,其次是综合训练(SMD=1.69,95%CI:0.11-3.27,P=0.249)和全身振动训练(SMD=0.81,95%CI:0.11-1.51,P=0.042);在提升患者腘绳肌肌力方面,综合训练(SMD=2.08,95%CI:0.30-3.86,P=0.022)效果最佳,其次是增强式训练(SMD=1.51,95%CI:0.18-2.84,P=0.026)和等速训练(SMD=1.37,95%CI:0.06-2.67,P=0.039);综合训练(SMD=4.60,95%CI:2.40-6.80,P<0.001)改善膝关节功能评分最有效,其次是离心训练(SMD=1.75,95%CI:0.24-3.25,P=0.023)和水中康复(SMD=1.65,95%CI:0.07-3.24,P=0.041)。结论:低到中等强度的临床证据证实,在改善前交叉韧带重建后患者膝关节肌肉力量和功能方面,综合训练可能是最有效的运动疗法,其次是离心训练、增强式训练、等速训练、全身振动训练、水中康复。未来仍需更多高质量的临床随机对照试验来验证结论的可靠性。

后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折应用缝线桥悬吊固定与切开复位内固定对膝关节损伤的疗效观察

目的 分析后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折应用缝线桥悬吊固定与切开复位内固定对膝关节损伤疗效的影响。方法 前瞻性选取2020年3月至2022年3月秦皇岛市第一医院收治的90例后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折患者作为研究对象,按照信封法将患者分为观察组45例和对照组45例。观察组接受关节镜下缝线桥悬吊固定疗法,对照组接受切开复位内固定疗法。比较两组临床指标情况(手术时间、术后引流量、住院时间、骨折愈合时间),记录并比较两组术前及术后1、3、6个月的膝关节活动功能[关节活动度(ROM)、Lysholm膝关节功能评分、Tegner运动水平评分及国际膝关节文献委员会膝关节评估表(IKDC)评分]及术后并发症发生情况。结果 观察组手术时间、住院时间分别为(44.46±5.64) min、(6.98±2.16) d,均短于对照组[(67.26±6.89) min、(11.23±1.26) d],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),观察组和对照组患者的术后引流量及骨折愈合时间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组与对照组在术前及术后1、3、6个月时的ROM比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组术后1、3、6个月的ROM均高于术前,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后1、3、6个月,两组患者的Lysholm评分均较术前升高,且观察组术后1、3、6个月的Lysholm评分分别为(69.98±1.02)、(88.44±3.49)、(94.56±1.23)分,均高于对照组[(67.46±1.45)、(80.55±2.98)、(90.22±0.98)分],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后1、3、6个月,两组患者的Tegner评分均较术前升高,且观察组术后1、3个月的Tegner评分分别为(2.33±0.51)、(4.05±0.31)分,均高于对照组[(2.11±0.45)、(3.55±0.45)分],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),但在术后6个月时组间Tegner评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后1、3、6个月,两组患者的IKDC评分均高于术前,且同时间点组间比较,观察组的IKDC评分分别为(57.32±2.98)、(86.46±3.19)、(94.21±1.65)分,均高于对照组[(53.27±2.08)、(82.01±2.01)、(90.01±1.02)分],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组随访期内并发症发生率为11.11%,低于对照组(28.89%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折患者应用缝线桥悬吊固定可以提高治疗效果,与切开复位内固定相比,术后膝关节功能恢复情况更好,能有效缩短手术时间和住院时间,具有较高的临床应用价值。

关节镜双后内入路手术结合早期运动康复与物理治疗对后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折膝关节功能的影响

目的探究关节镜双后内入路手术结合早期运动康复与物理治疗对后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折膝关节功能的影响。方法前瞻性选取2020年4月至2022年4月在秦皇岛市第一医院接受关节镜双后内入路手术的后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折患者90例,按照信封法将其分为研究组与对照组,每组各45例。在常规治疗的基础上,对照组接受物理治疗,研究组接受早期运动康复治疗。随访6个月,对两组患者术后疗效、下肢功能恢复情况(下床行走时间、住院时间、骨折愈合时间、术后下肢负重时间)、膝关节活动范围[屈曲角度、伸直受限角度及关节活动范围]、美国特种外科医院膝关节评分(HSS)量表(疼痛、功能、活动度、肌力、屈曲畸形及稳定性HSS)、患者满意度进行记录,并分析组间差异。结果研究组患者的治疗有效率为91.11%,高于对照组(75.56%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组患者下床行走时间、住院时间、骨折愈合时间、术后下肢负重时间均短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后6个月,两组患者的屈曲角度、关节活动范围均较治疗前增大,伸直受限角度均较治疗前减小,研究组屈曲角度、关节活动范围分别为(112.55±5.16)°、(108.66±11.02)°,均大于对照组[(97.89±4.51)°、(95.16±12.04)°],研究组伸直受限角度为(3.35±1.08)°,小于对照组[(4.89±1.62)°],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后6个月,两组患者在疼痛、功能、活动度、肌力、屈曲畸形及稳定性等方面的评分均较治疗前升高,且研究组在各方面的评分均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组患者的满意率为95.56%,高于对照组(80.00%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论关节镜双后内入路手术结合早期运动康复对后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折的治疗效果较好,可以明显改善患者的症状、促进愈合、提高膝关节功能,同时提高患者的满意度。

前交叉韧带重建术后患者恐动症现状及影响因素分析

目的探讨前交叉韧带重建术后患者恐动症现状及相关影响因素,为制订针对性护理干预提供参考。方法随机选取行前交叉韧带重建术患者240例作为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、恐动症Tampa量表、医院焦虑抑郁量表、正念注意觉知量表、视觉模拟评分法、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数进行调查,行单因素分析和多因素logistic回归分析确定主要影响因素。结果106例(44.17%)患者发生恐动症。logistic回归分析显示,正念水平、疼痛程度、抑郁、睡眠障碍和BMI是患者恐动症的主要影响因素(均P<0.05)。结论前交叉韧带重建术后患者恐动症发生率偏高,其发生易受心理状态、BMI、疼痛程度及睡眠质量的影响。对前交叉韧带重建术后患者需加强心理干预及镇痛处理,改善其睡眠质量,以降低恐动心理,促进患者膝关节功能康复。

Posttraumatic incarceration of medial collateral ligament into knee joint with anterior cruciate ligament injury

Medial collateral ligament of the knee is an important coronal stabiliser and often injured in isolation or as combination of injuries. The article reports a case of incarcerated medial collateral ligament （MCL） injury in combination with anterior cruciate ligament （ACL） injury in 20 year old male who presented to us 4 weeks after injury. Clinical examination and MRI was correlated to complete ACL tear with torn distal MCL and incarceration into the joint. Patient was taken up for ACL hamstring graft reconstruction with mini-arthrotomy and repair of the torn MCL. Patient was followed up with dedicated rehabilitation protocol with good functional results. At one year follow-up, patient exhibited full range of motion with negative Lachman, Pivot shift and valgus stress tests. This article highlights the rare pattern of MCL tear and also reviews the literature on this pattern of injury.

医护一体化护理对膝关节前交叉韧带损伤患者术后疼痛及关节功能康复的影响

目的探讨医护一体化护理对膝关节前交叉韧带损伤(ACL)患者术后疼痛及关节功能康复的影响。方法选取本院2021年3月~2022年12月收治的111例膝关节ACL损伤患者。按照随机化原则,分为对照组(n=55,常规护理)与观察组(n=56,医护一体化护理)。比较两组膝关节功能、疼痛程度、生活质量及并发症。结果两组护理后Lysholm评分及RF、RP、BP、GH各维度评分较护理前增高,VAS评分均较护理前下降,观察组上述评分增高/降低程度明显优于对照组;观察组ROM恢复时间短于对照组(P<0.05);观察组并发症总发生率为7.14%,对照组21.82%(P<0.05)。结论医护一体化护理可缓解膝关节ACL损伤患者术后疼痛,促进膝关节功能恢复,提高生活质量。

移植物类型对前交叉韧带重建后患者膝关节功能的影响

背景:临床上常采用移植物重建前交叉韧带,而不同移植物类型又影响着患者术后膝关节功能和康复方案的制定。目的:回顾分析不同移植物类型对前交叉韧带重建后患者肌力、关节稳定性、功能性活动及重返运动的影响。方法:在PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane、中国知网、万方数据库中进行检索,中文检索词为“前交叉韧带重建术,自体移植物,同种异体移植物,人工韧带,骨-髌腱-骨,股四头肌肌腱,腘绳肌肌腱,腓骨长肌肌腱,康复训练,重返运动”;英文检索词为“anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction,autografts,allografts,artificial ligaments,bone-patellatendon-bone,quadriceps tendon autograft,hamstring tendon autograft,peroneus longus tendon autograft,rehabilitation,exercise,protocol,return to sport”。结果与结论:选用骨-髌腱-骨移植物的患者应加强股四头肌离心收缩练习,康复后期应关注股四头肌耐力和爆发力的恢复。与骨-髌腱-骨移植物和腘绳肌肌腱移植物相比,选用股四头肌肌腱移植物的患者在5-8个月内符合回归标准的患者明显更少,应制定较长时间的训练计划,训练周期尽量持续到3年以上。选用腘绳肌肌腱移植物应强化多角度下腘绳肌力量训练,尤其是屈膝60°以上的周期至少持续至术后18周。选用腓骨长肌肌腱移植物的患者后续应加强踝关节周围肌肉力量,以足底肌肉力量为主。选用同种异体移植物应注意移植物经低剂量辐射消毒后其抗张力性降低20%,因此应关注膝关节稳定性训练。选用人工韧带移植物的患者3-6周内可渐进性增强股四头肌和腘绳肌力量训练,重视早期本体感觉练习,对平衡、跳跃及灵活性进行针对性训练。

膝关节前交叉韧带Ⅲ级损伤保守治疗与手术治疗的比较研究

目的:通过膝关节前交叉韧带(ACL)损伤后保守治疗及手术治疗的对比,探讨膝关节ACL损伤的不同治疗方案,为临床治疗方式的选择提供参考。方法:回顾分析Ⅲ级膝关节ACL损伤患者资料40例,根据治疗方法分为保守治疗组及手术治疗组,各20例。比较治疗前、治疗后2年两组视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分、Lysholm膝关节功能评分及膝关节屈伸活动度。结果:治疗后2年,两组VAS、Lysholm膝关节功能评分及膝关节活动度均有改善(P<0.05);两组VAS、Lysholm膝关节功能评分及膝关节活动度组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。此外,治疗后2年,手术治疗组年龄<14岁的患者Lysholm膝关节功能评分低于年龄≥14岁的患者(P<0.05)。结论:Ⅲ级ACL损伤患者采用手术治疗和保守治疗的综合结果差异不大,但是保守治疗患者不用承受手术伤痛与可能带来的术后并发症,因此建议Ⅲ级ACL损伤患者应优先考虑保守治疗,尤其是对青少年而言,使用保守治疗的效果会更优。

切开复位空心钉锚钉与关节镜下带袢钢板固定后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折的疗效比较

目的:比较后内侧入路切开复位空心钉联合锚钉固定与关节镜下Endobutton带袢钢板固定后交叉韧带(posterior cruciate ligament,PCL)胫骨止点撕脱骨折的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2020年7月至2021年12月收治的38例PCL胫骨止点撕脱骨折患者的临床资料,根据固定方式分为切开复位内固定组(后内侧入路空心钉锚钉系统固定)和关节镜固定组(关节镜下Endobutton带袢钢板固定)。切开复位内固定组20例,男16例,女4例;年龄26~74(42.9±18.8)岁;左侧13例,右侧7例;骨折Meyers-McKeever分型,Ⅱ型12例,Ⅲ型8例;后抽屉试验Ⅱ度14例,Ⅲ度6例。关节镜固定组18例,男11例,女7例;年龄24~70(53.5±13.4)岁;左侧11例,右侧7例;骨折Meyers-McKeever分型,Ⅱ型10例,Ⅲ型8例;后抽屉试验Ⅱ度11例,Ⅲ度7例。比较两组手术时间、出血量、术后即刻复位质量,并于术后6个月时比较膝关节活动度、膝关节后抽屉试验、国际膝关节文件编制委员会(International Knee Documentation Committee,IKDC)主观膝部评分表分级、KT2000稳定性评价及膝关节Lysholm功能评分。结果:38例患者获得随访,时间8~16(12.3±1.9)个月。所有患者未出现切口感染、骨折畸形愈合及不愈合、内固定松动等并发症。术后6个月膝关节X线片示撕脱骨折均已达到影像学愈合标准。切开复位内固定组手术时间、出血量分别为(56.4±7.1)min、(63.2±10.2)ml,关节镜固定组分别为(89.9±7.4)min、(27.7±8.7)ml,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组术后即刻复位质量(χ^(2)=0.257,P=0.612),术后6个月膝关节活动度(t=0.492,P=0.626)、膝关节后抽屉试验(χ^(2)=0.320,P=0.572)、膝关节IKDC分级(χ^(2)=0.127,P=0.938)、KT2000稳定性评价(χ^(2)=0.070,P=0.791)和膝关节Lysholm功能评分(t=0.092,P=0.282)比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:后内侧入路空心钉锚钉系统固定与关节镜下Endobutton带袢钢板固定PCL胫骨止点撕脱骨折均能取得满意的临床效果,且关节镜下手术出血更少,但同样学习曲线较长,手术时间较传统切开手术更长,术者需根据患者的临床情况及自身的手术倾向做出选择。

三维快速自旋回波序列扫描联合多层螺旋CT在膝关节交叉韧带损伤中诊断价值探究

目的:探索膝关节交叉韧带损伤诊断中应用三维快速自旋回波(three-dimensional fast spin echo,3D-SPACE)联合多层螺旋CT(multislice spiral CT,MSCT)潜在价值。方法:选取2020年4月至2021年4月接诊的120例膝关节交叉韧带损伤患者,男78例,女42例,年龄21~68(41.52±4.13)岁,依次采用单独MSCT扫描仪扫描、单独3D-SPACE序列扫描及3D-SPACE序列联合MSCT扫描。比较3种诊断方式对膝关节前后交叉韧带损伤分级情况,观察膝关节前后交叉韧带前内侧束及后外侧束的长度及其与水平面的夹角,判断3种诊断方式在膝关节交叉韧带损伤中的诊断价值。结果:单独3D-SPACE序列扫描与单独MSCT检测在总诊断率和分级总诊断率方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);3D-SPACE序列扫描联合MSCT检测总诊断率和分级总诊断率显著高于单独3D-SPACE序列扫描或MSCT检测(P<0.05);单独3D-SPACE序列扫描与单独MSCT检测对膝关节前后交叉韧带相关测量值比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);3D-SPACE序列扫描联合MSCT检测对膝关节前后交叉韧带测量值明显高于单独3D-SPACE序列扫描或MSCT检测(P<0.05);3D-SPACE序列扫描联合MSCT评估受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线下面积为0.960,明显高于3D-SPACE序列扫描与MSCT单独评估ROC曲线下面积0.756和0.795;单独3D-SPACE序列扫描与3D-SPACE序列扫描联合MSCT分析预测模型差异有统计学意义(Z=2.236,P<0.05),单独MSCT与3D-SPACE序列扫描联合MSCT分析预测模型差异有统计学意义(Z=2.653,P<0.05)。结论:对膝关节交叉韧带损伤应用3D-SPACE序列联合MSCT扫描,可以提升临床膝关节交叉韧带损伤患者的诊断率,可以作为膝关节交叉韧带损伤患者的诊断工具。

膝关节交叉韧带重建的思考与认识

膝关节交叉韧带是维持膝关节稳定性的主要结构,其中前交叉韧带(anterior cruciate ligament,ACL)具有限制胫骨过度前移、内旋、内外翻以及过伸等重要作用,而后交叉韧带(posterior cruciate ligament,PCL)则是限制胫骨过度后移的主要装置[1-2]。单纯膝关节交叉韧带损伤后如未得到及时诊治,由此导致的膝关节不稳将继发半月板及关节软骨等损伤,进一步加重关节内退变,表现为疼痛、关节交锁和关节不稳等症状[3-4]。

镜下保残与标准重建对前交叉韧带损伤患者的影响

目的:比较镜下保残与标准重建对前交叉韧带损伤患者的影响。方法:将132例前交叉韧带损伤患者依据手术方式不同分为观察组(关节镜下保残重建,n=66)与对照组(标准重建,n=66)。比较两组患者临床相关指标(手术时间、出血量、住院时间、术后恢复时间、住院费用)。于术前及术后12个月比较膝关节本体感觉功能[被动活动察觉阈值(TDPM)]、膝关节功能、膝关节稳定性,于术后12个月比较影像学参数(股骨及胫骨隧道位置、骨隧道扩大情况)。结果:观察组住院费用高于对照组(P<0.05);术中出血量、术后恢复时间、住院时间少于对照组(P<0.05)。两组患者手术时间无统计学差异(P>0.05);术后12个月,两组Lysholm评分、IKDC评分、TDPM值及影像学相关参数均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:关节镜下保残重建的术中出血量、术后恢复时间、住院时间均低于标准重建术式,二者对前交叉韧带损伤患者疗效与安全性相当。