Pressure relief-dipping-microwave assisted polymerization of melamine-L-aspartic acid resin at activated carbon for purification of L-threonine fermented crude product

L-threonine(L-Thr) obtained by fermentation often contains vestigial hydrosoluble Pb(Ⅱ), Fe(Ⅱ), L-glutamic acid(L-Glu) etc., which affect the product quality. Poly melamine and L-aspartic acid(L-Asp) resin functional coconut shell activated carbon composite(PMA/AC) was prepared by a pressure relief-dipping-microwave assisted polymerization method for the simultaneous removals. The adsorption capacities of Pb(Ⅱ), Fe(Ⅱ) and L-Glu could reach to 82.34 mg·g^(-1), 57.82 mg·g^(-1) and 102.58 mg·g^(-1) at conditions of pH 5.0, 45 °C and 4 h with an initial concentration of 0.01 mol·L^(-1), respectively. The present PMA/AC was successfully used to the simultaneous removals of vestigial Pb(Ⅱ), Fe(Ⅱ) and L-Glu from the fermented crude product solution of L-Thr. Moreover, the PMA/AC was carefully characterized by FE-SEM, IR et al. analysis techniques, the results show that abundant PMA particles evenly distributed at the inner and outside surface of AC with a size of(50 ± 20) nm.

Improving Supply Chain Strategies towards Mitigating the Effect of Crude Oil Theft and Pipeline Vandalism in the Nigerian Oil and Gas Industry: A Case Study of the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC)

Generically, SCM may be said to include all activities carried out to ensure proper functioning of the supply chain. The activities included in proper management of a supply chain broadly include logistics activities, planning and control of the flow of information and materials in a firm, management of relationships with other organizations and government intervention, However, crude oil theft and pipeline vandalism are established products supply chain disruptors in Nigeria which are rendering the task of running an efficient petroleum supply chain onerous. This paper aims to establish the importance of effective supply chain strategies for companies in the oil and gas industry with special focus on the Nigerian oil and gas sector and the strategies by which the state oil and gas corporation in this sector may mitigate disruptions to its supply chain. This study investigates the enhancement of supply chain strategies towards meeting the challenge of crude oil theft and pipeline vandalism, using the Nigerian National Corporation (NNPC) as a case study. Based on this study, data were collected from two sources: A summary of incident reports obtained from NNPC and an interview with personnel in the PPMC Department. Incident report refers to a report produced when accidents such as equipment failure, injury, loss of life, or fire occur at the work site. Content analysis is utilized to evaluate data obtained from interview responses, CBN financial stability reports, NDIC annual reports, circulars, banking supervision reports and implementation guidelines. The study found out that NNPC should endeavor to sustain its value chain and ward of pipeline vandals and crude oil thieves by engaging in community partnership, detailing security outfits to ensure its pipelines’ right of way and bridging. Concluded that the oil supply chain of the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation has been plagued by disruptions in the form of crude oil theft and pipeline vandalism which has had debilitating effects on its value.

A Markov-switching dynamic regression analysis of the asymmetries related to the determinants of US crude oil production between 1982 and 2019

The structural changes brought about by shale oil revolution have inspired this paper of which the aim is to analyze the potential asymmetries related to the determinants of crude oil production in the USA.Thus,using a Markov-switching dynamic regression model in which parameters change when oil production moves from one regime to the other,it is found that for both oil production and oil relative importance,the regime that was dominant during the 1980s and the early 1990s when oil production in the USA was substantially high is the same regime that has once again become dominant in the decade corresponding to the shale oil revolution.Furthermore,the study reveals the existence of asymmetries in the relationship between US crude oil production and both manufacturing production and the consumer price index.Asymmetries are also found in the relationship between the relative importance US crude oil and manufacturing production.Finally,it is found that the intercept and the variance parameter also vary from one regime to the other,thus justifying the use of regime-dependent models.

Effects of Crude Fiber Levels on Production Performance, Organ Index and Serum Biochemical Parameters of Dingan Geese Aged from 1 to 28 Days

[Objective]The paper was to investigate the effects of dietary crude fiber level on production performance,organ index and serum biochemical parameters of Dingan geese aged from 1 to 28 days.[Method]A total of 144 1-day-old Dingan geese with the same genetic background and similar initial weight(88.75±0.21g)were randomly assigned into 3 groups with 4 replicates per group and 12 geese per replicate,and fed with the diets containing 2.56%,3.52% and 4.48% crude fiber,respectively.The trial lasted 28 d.[Result]1)The final weight and daily gain of 3.52% CF group were significantly higher than those of 2.56% CF group(P<0.05);the feed/gain ratio was markedly lower than that of 2.56% CF group(P<0.05).2)The slaughter rate,semi-eviscerated rate and leg muscle rate of 3.52% CF group were higher than those of 2.56% and 4.48% CF groups(P>0.05).3)As the dietary crude fiber levels rose,the abdominal fat rate showed a downward trend(P>0.05).4)The liver index of 3.52% CF group was significantly higher than that of 2.56% CF group(P<0.05).4)Compared with 2.5%and 4.48% CF groups,the serum albumin concentrations of 3.52% CF group markedly increased(P<0.05),the serum total protein and globin contents were higher(P>0.05),but the serum uric acid level was lower(P>0.05).[Conclusion]When the crude fiber level was 3.52%,the production performances of Dingan geese aged from 1 to 28 days were better,and the liver index and serum albumin level could be obviously improved.

不同粗蛋白质水平对白王种鸽繁殖性能和乳鸽生长性能的影响

试验旨在探究“2+2”生产模式下不同粗蛋白质水平对白王种鸽繁殖性能和乳鸽生长性能的影响。试验选取产蛋性能相近的300日龄健康种鸽168对,随机分为4组,每组7个重复,每个重复6对种鸽,每对种鸽哺育2只乳鸽。试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组分别饲喂粗蛋白质水平为13.43%、15.04%、16.64%和18.25%的饲粮。试验期46 d,其中孵化期18 d (1~18 d),哺乳期28 d (19~46 d)。结果显示,试验Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组产蛋间隔显著低于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05),试验Ⅲ组种蛋受精率显著高于试验Ⅰ组、Ⅳ组(P<0.05),试验Ⅲ组入孵蛋孵化率极显著高于试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅳ组(P<0.01)。试验Ⅲ组乳鸽28日龄体重显著高于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05),乳鸽屠宰率极显著高于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.01),乳鸽胸肌率显著高于试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅳ组(P<0.05)。试验Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组窝料重比1极显著低于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.01)。研究表明,不同粗蛋白质水平影响了种鸽的繁殖性能、乳鸽的生长性能以及窝料重比,在“2+2”生产模式下,建议白王种鸽饲粮适宜粗蛋白质水平为16.64%。

Production of Ca₂AlNbO₆Ceramics and Study of Their Stability in Crude Petroleum for the Conservation of Metallic Sensing Elements used in Petroleum Extraction

In the present work a niobium based complex cubic perovskite oxide Ca2AlNbO6 ceramic was produced, characterized and studied its stability in crude petroleum environment for inert ceramic embedding for temperature sensors used in petroleum extraction. Ca2AlNbO6 ceramic powder was prepared through thermo-mechanical processing. Structural characteristics of calcined material was investigated by powder X-ray diffarctometry, which presented a single phase complex cubic perovskite structure with lattice parameter a = 7.6599 ?. Compacted discs of Ca2AlNbO6 ceramics were sintered in the temperature range 1250°C - 1350°C during 24 hours in ambient atmosphere. Microstructure of the sintered ceramics was studied by scanning electron microscopy and mechanical behavior was studied by Vicker’s microhardness testing. Ca2AlNbO6 ceramics sintered at 1350°C presented best results in terms of microstructural homogeneity and mechanical hardness. Therefore these sintered ceramics were submerged in crude petroleum for 60 days. Ceramics were taken out from the petroleum periodically and subjected to structural, microstructural and mechanical characterizations. Results showed that ceramics submerged in crude petroleum did not suffer any change at any stage of submersion. These characteristics make this material suitable for inert ceramic embedding for sensors used in petroleum extraction.

新疆畜禽饲料资源中粗蛋白含量的调查研究

试验旨在研究新疆不同地州间各种常规饲料原料的粗蛋白含量和分布情况,为各地州饲粮合理配制提供科学依据。对新疆全区14个地州的13种115个主要畜禽饲料原料在科学采样的基础上进行粗蛋白含量测定。对同类不同种饲料样品和不同饲料样品的粗蛋白含量进行单因素方差分析,比较不同饲料原料中粗蛋白含量的差异及不同地区之间的差异。结果表明:不同原料除青贮玉米外,干物质含量都在92%以上;粮油加工副产物的粗蛋白含量最高,粮食作物秸秆粗蛋白含量最低。8个地州采集玉米样品中喀什的粗蛋白含量最高。全疆各地州的各种类饲料原料中粗蛋白含量相互之间变化非常大,因此,实际应用中要充分考虑到不同区域饲粮中粗蛋白含量,为精准配方、精准营养提供技术支撑。

上海原油期货与国内农产品期货的动态相关性及溢出效应研究

本文选取2018年3月27日至2023年12月29日上海原油期货与国内农产品期货市场黄大豆1号、黄大豆2号、玉米、棉花期货的日收盘价数据,利用DCC-GARCH模型刻画了上海原油期货与国内四种农产品期货的动态相关性。在此基础上,构建TVP-VAR-DY模型从静态和动态两个方面测度了上海原油期货与国内农产品期货的溢出效应。研究发现:①上海原油期货与四类农产品期货均具有正相关性,且与黄大豆2号、棉花期货的正相关性最强,与玉米期货的相关性水平在2021年以后整体有所提升。②上海原油期货与国内农产品期货之间存在双向溢出效应,但原油期货对农产品期货市场的影响更大,表明原油市场的波动对农产品期货市场有更为显著的冲击作用。③上海原油期货对黄大豆2号和棉花期货的溢出效应最为显著,其次是玉米期货,而对黄大豆1号期货的溢出效应相对较小。在四种农产品期货中,黄大豆2号对上海原油期货具有显著的溢出效应。④极端事件的发生会加剧上海原油期货与国内农产品期货市场间的溢出水平。

饲粮代谢能和粗蛋白质水平对27~80周龄京粉6号商品代蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响

试验旨在研究饲粮代谢能和粗蛋白质水平对27~80周龄京粉6号商品代蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响。试验选用768只产蛋率、体重相近的27周龄京粉6号商品代蛋鸡,随机分为4组,每组192只,每组8个重复,每个重复24只。试验采用2×2代谢能、粗蛋白质双因子设计(代谢能分为高、低水平,粗蛋白质分为高、低水平),组成4个试验饲粮,试验分4个阶段(27~40周龄、41~50周龄、51~72周龄和73~80周龄)进行。结果显示:(1)饲粮粗蛋白质水平对京粉6号商品代蛋鸡51~72周龄产蛋率、蛋重、产蛋总重和41~50周龄蛋重有显著影响,其中16.2%粗蛋白质水平41~50周龄蛋重显著高于15.8%粗蛋白质水平,15.8%粗蛋白质水平51~72周龄产蛋率、蛋重、产蛋总重显著高于15.4%粗蛋白质水平(P<0.05)。(2)粗蛋白质水平由15.8%降低至15.5%以及由15.6%降低至15.1%分别显著加深62、72周龄和80周龄鸡蛋的蛋黄颜色(P<0.05);饲粮代谢能和粗蛋白质水平对蛋黄颜色、蛋黄比率表现出显著的交互作用(P<0.05),其中,高能高蛋白组蛋黄颜色显著低于低能低蛋白组(P<0.05),高能低蛋白组蛋黄比率较低能高蛋白组提高2.1%~3.2%(P<0.05),11.18 MJ/kg、11.13 MJ/kg代谢能水平蛋黄比率均显著高于11.05 MJ/kg代谢能水平(P<0.05)。研究表明,本试验条件下,综合产蛋性能和经济效益,推荐低能低蛋白组,27~40周龄、41~50周龄、51~72周龄和73~80周龄,饲粮代谢能和粗蛋白质水平分别为11.22MJ/kg和16.0%、11.18MJ/kg和15.8%、11.05MJ/kg和15.4%、11.05MJ/kg和15.1%;以获得最佳产蛋性能和蛋品质为目标,推荐高能高蛋白组,饲粮代谢能、粗蛋白质水平分别为11.34 MJ/kg和16.5%、11.30 MJ/kg和15.8%、11.18 MJ/kg和15.4%、11.13 MJ/kg和15.6%。