A series of high-entropy alloys(HEAs) containing nanoprecipitates of varying sizes is successfully prepared by a non-consuming vacuum arc melting method.In order to study the irradiation evolution of helium bubbles in...A series of high-entropy alloys(HEAs) containing nanoprecipitates of varying sizes is successfully prepared by a non-consuming vacuum arc melting method.In order to study the irradiation evolution of helium bubbles in the FeCoNiCrbased HE As with γ' precipitates,these samples are irradiated by 100-keV helium ions with a fluence of 5 × 10^(20) ions/m^(2) at 293 K and 673 K,respectively.And the samples irradiated at room temperature are annealed at different temperatures to examine the diffusion behavior of helium bubbles.Transmission electron microscope(TEM) is employed to characterize the structural morphology of precipitated nanoparticles and the evolution of helium bubbles.Experimental results reveal that nanosized,spherical,dispersed,coherent,and ordered L1_(2)-type Ni_(3)Ti γ' precipitations are introduced into FeCoNiCr(Ni_(3)Ti)_(0.1) HEAs by means of ageing treatments at temperatures between 1073 K and 1123 K.Under the ageing treatment conditions adopted in this work,γ' nanoparticles are precipitated in FeCoNiCr(Ni_(3)Ti)_(0.1) HE As,with average diameters of 15.80 nm,37.09 nm,and 62.50 nm,respectively.The average sizes of helium bubbles observed in samples after 673-K irradiation are 1.46 nm,1.65 nm,and 1.58 nm,respectively.The improvement in the irradiation resistance of FeCoNiCr(Ni_(3)Ti)_(0.1) HEAs is evidenced by the diminution in bubbles size.Furthermore,the FeCoNiCr(Ni_(3)Ti)_(0.1) HEAs containing γ' precipitates of 15.8 nm exhibits the minimum size and density of helium bubbles,which can be ascribed to the considerable helium trapping effects of heterogeneous coherent phase boundaries.Subsequently,annealing experiments conducted after 293-K irradiation indicate that HEAs containing precipitated phases exhibits smaller apparent activation energy(E_(a)) for helium bubbles,resulting in larger helium bubble size.This study provides guidance for improving the irradiation resistance of L1_(2)-strengthened high-entropy alloy.展开更多
Based on the geochemical parameters and analytical data,the heat conservation equation,mass balance law,Rayleigh fractionation model and other methods were used to quantify the in-situ yield and external flux of crust...Based on the geochemical parameters and analytical data,the heat conservation equation,mass balance law,Rayleigh fractionation model and other methods were used to quantify the in-situ yield and external flux of crust-derived helium,and the initial He concentration and thermal driving mechanism of mantle-derived helium,in the Ledong Diapir area,the Yinggehai Basin,in order to understand the genetic source,migration and accumulation mechanisms of helium under deep thermal fluid activities.The average content of mantle-derived He is only 0.0014%,the 3 He/4 He value is(0.002–2.190)×10^(−6),and the R/Ra value ranges from 0.01 to 1.52,indicating the contribution of mantle-derived He is 0.09%–19.84%,while the proportion of crust-derived helium can reach over 80%.Quantitative analysis indicates that the crust-derived helium is dominated by external input,followed by in-situ production,in the Ledong diapir area.The crust-derived helium exhibits an in-situ 4 He yield rate of(7.66–7.95)×10^(−13)cm^(3)/(a·g),an in-situ 4 He yield of(4.10–4.25)×10^(−4)cm^(3)/g,and an external 4 He influx of(5.84–9.06)×10^(−2)cm^(3)/g.These results may be related to atmospheric recharge into formation fluid and deep rock-water interactions.The ratio of initial mole volume of 3 He to enthalpy(W)is(0.004–0.018)×10−11 cm^(3)/J,and the heat contribution from the deep mantle(XM)accounts for 7.63%–36.18%,indicating that deep hot fluid activities drive the migration of mantle-derived 3 He.The primary helium migration depends on advection,while the secondary migration is controlled by hydrothermal degassing and gas-liquid separation.From deep to shallow layers,the CO_(2)/3 He value rises from 1.34×10^(9)to 486×10^(9),indicating large amount of CO_(2)has escaped.Under the influence of deep thermal fluid,helium migration and accumulation mechanisms include:deep heat driven diffusion,advection release,vertical hydrothermal degassing,shallow lateral migration,accumulation in traps far from faults,partial pressure balance and sealing capability.展开更多
The helium bubbles induced by 14 MeV neutron irradiation can cause intergranular fractures in reduced activation ferritic martensitic steel,which is a candidate structural material for fusion reactors.In order to eluc...The helium bubbles induced by 14 MeV neutron irradiation can cause intergranular fractures in reduced activation ferritic martensitic steel,which is a candidate structural material for fusion reactors.In order to elucidate the susceptibility of different grain boundaries(GBs)to helium-induced embrittlement,the tensile fracture processes of 10 types of GBs with and without helium bubbles in body-centered cubic(bcc)iron at the relevant service temperature of 600 K were investigated via molecular dynamics methods.The results indicate that in the absence of helium bubbles,the GBs studied here can be classified into two distinct categories:brittle GBs and ductile GBs.The atomic scale analysis shows that the plastic deformation of ductile GB at high temperatures originates from complex plastic deformation mechanisms,including the Bain/Burgers path phase transition and deformation twinning,in which the Bain path phase transition is the most dominant plastic deformation mechanism.However,the presence of helium bubbles severely inhibits the plastic deformation channels of the GBs,resulting in a significant decrease in elongation at fractures.For bubble-decorated GBs,the ultimate tensile strength increases with the increase in the misorientation angle.Interestingly,the coherent twin boundary∑3{112}was found to maintain relatively high fracture strength and maximum failure strain under the influence of helium bubbles.展开更多
Josephson junction plays a key role not only in studying the basic physics of unconventional iron-based superconductors but also in realizing practical application of thin-film based devices,therefore the preparation ...Josephson junction plays a key role not only in studying the basic physics of unconventional iron-based superconductors but also in realizing practical application of thin-film based devices,therefore the preparation of high-quality iron pnictide Josephson junctions is of great importance.In this work,we have successfully fabricated Josephson junctions from Co-doped BaFe_(2)As_(2)thin films using a direct junction fabrication technique which utilizes high energy focused helium ion beam(FHIB).The electrical transport properties were investigated for junctions fabricated with various He^(+)irradiation doses.The junctions show sharp superconducting transition around 24 K with a narrow transition width of 2.5 K,and a dose correlated foot-structure resistance which corresponds to the effective tuning of junction properties by He^(+)irradiation.Significant J_c suppression by more than two orders of magnitude can be achieved by increasing the He^(+)irradiation dose,which is advantageous for the realization of low noise ion pnictide thin film devices.Clear Shapiro steps are observed under 10 GHz microwave irradiation.The above results demonstrate the successful fabrication of high quality and controllable Co-doped BaFe_(2)As_(2)Josephson junction with high reproducibility using the FHIB technique,laying the foundation for future investigating the mechanism of iron-based superconductors,and also the further implementation in various superconducting electronic devices.展开更多
At present, the main controlling factors of helium accumulation is one of the key scientific problems restricting the exploration and development of helium reservoir. In this paper, based on the calculation results of...At present, the main controlling factors of helium accumulation is one of the key scientific problems restricting the exploration and development of helium reservoir. In this paper, based on the calculation results of He generation rate and the geochemical characteristics of the produced gas, both the similarities and differences between natural gas and He resources in the Bohai Bay, Ordos and the surrounding Songliao Basin are compared and analyzed, discussing the main controlling factors of helium resources in the three main petroliferous basins of the North China Craton. It is found that the three basins of Bohai Bay, Ordos and Songliao have similar characteristics of source rocks, reservoirs and cap rocks, that's why their methane resource characteristics are essentially the same. The calculated ~4He generation per cubic metamorphic crystalline basement in the three basins is roughly equivalent, which is consistent with the measured He resources, and it is believed that the ~4He of radiogenic from the crust is the main factor controlling the overall He accumulation in the three basins;there is almost no contribution of the mantle-derived CH_4, which suggests that the transport and uplift of mantle-derived ~3He carried by the present-day magmatic activities along the deep-large faults is not the main reason for the mantle-derived ~3He mixing in the basins. Combined with the results of regional volcanic and geophysical studies,it is concluded that under the background of the destruction of North China Craton, magma intrusion carried a large amount of mantle-derived material and formed basic volcanic rocks in the Bohai Bay Basin and Songliao Basin, which replenished mantle-derived ~3He for the interior of the basins, and that strong seismic activities in and around the basins also promoted the upward migration of mantle source ~3He. This study suggests that the tectonic zone with dense volcanic rocks in the Cenozoic era and a high incidence of historical strong earthquakes history may be a potential area for helium resource exploration.展开更多
In the light of analysis of the internal relations among the source strata for magmatism, thegranitic magmas and the endogenic metallizations, the basic regularity of petrogenesis and metallo-genesis of Nanling crust-...In the light of analysis of the internal relations among the source strata for magmatism, thegranitic magmas and the endogenic metallizations, the basic regularity of petrogenesis and metallo-genesis of Nanling crust-derived type granitoids can be generalized as follows: (1) Two suites ofsource strata for Magmatism-the Pre-Sinian and the Lower Sinianl here the unity of the old foldbasement, the source strata for magmatism and the source strata for metallization are particularlyhighlighted. (2) Multi-stage melting of source strata for magmatism resulting in the formation ofmajor ore-related granites of three different stages (the Late Jinningean stage, the Late Caledonianstage, and the Late Indosinian-Late Yanshanian stage) under the control of tw0 tectonic units(geosyncline and diwa). (3) Three endogenic meta1logenic epoches accompanying the three stagesof ore-related granitic magmatism. (4) One major metallogenic epoch characterized by concentrat-ed commercial metallizations in large scale related to the Yanshanian crust-derived type granites.Tectonically,this major metallogenic epoch is exactly consistent with the stage of violent diwa ac-tivity. This is by no means fortuitous, but is the unavoidable result of the development and evolu-tion of the objective geologic history.展开更多
The fine and hyperfine structures of pionic helium metastable states is calculated within the formalism of the Breit-Pauli Hamiltonian by using the variationally generated wave functions in Hylleraas coordinates.Our r...The fine and hyperfine structures of pionic helium metastable states is calculated within the formalism of the Breit-Pauli Hamiltonian by using the variationally generated wave functions in Hylleraas coordinates.Our results not only verify the existing values of Hori et al.[Phys.Rev.A 89,042515(2014)]for the fine structure of π^(4)He^(+),but also determine the hyperfine structure of π^(3)He^(+).展开更多
A fiberform nanostructure was synthesized by exposing high-density helium plasma to a 100 nm thick tungsten thin film in the linear plasma device NAGDIS-II.After helium plasma exposure,the cross-section of samples was...A fiberform nanostructure was synthesized by exposing high-density helium plasma to a 100 nm thick tungsten thin film in the linear plasma device NAGDIS-II.After helium plasma exposure,the cross-section of samples was observed by a scanning electron microscope,transmission electron microscope,and focused ion beam scanning electron microscope.It is shown that the thickness of the nanostructured layer increases significantly for only a short irradiation time.The optical absorptivity remains high,even though it is exposed to helium plasma for a short time.The usage of the thin film can shorten the processing time for nanostructure growth,which will be beneficial for commercial production.展开更多
To understand the characteristics of the plasma sheath within small tubes,a 2D numerical model of He discharge within dielectric tubes is developed.During plasma propagation for a tube diameter of 0.05 mm,the sheath t...To understand the characteristics of the plasma sheath within small tubes,a 2D numerical model of He discharge within dielectric tubes is developed.During plasma propagation for a tube diameter of 0.05 mm,the sheath thickness in the plasma head is almost equal to the tube radius.It decreases rapidly to several micrometers at an axial distance of 0.05 mm behind the plasma head,and then slightly increases and saturates at the axial position far behind the plasma head.A plasma-gas sheath surrounding the central plasma column is observed for a tube diameter equal to or greater than 0.8 mm.It is replaced by a plasma-wall sheath for smaller tubes.With the decrease in the tube diameter,the sheath thickness far behind the plasma head decreases while the ion flux increases significantly.However,when O_(2)gas with a proportion of 2%is added,both the sheath thickness and ion flux decrease.展开更多
A fast-rising gas temperature is due to frequent collisions of the heavy particles in an atmosphericpressure dielectric barrier discharge.In this paper,a two-dimensional fluid model is applied to investigate the influ...A fast-rising gas temperature is due to frequent collisions of the heavy particles in an atmosphericpressure dielectric barrier discharge.In this paper,a two-dimensional fluid model is applied to investigate the influences of rising gas temperature on an atmospheric-pressure helium dielectric barrier discharge.With the increase in the gas temperature,it is found that:(1)a helium discharge can evolve from the discharge column to a homogeneous discharge;(2)the breakdown time is in advance and the gas breakdown voltage decreases;(3)the spatial distribution evolution of the electron density is similar to that of the helium atom density.The most significant discrepancy between them is that the electron densities are high at some positions where the helium atom densities are nevertheless low.Furthermore,the radial reduced electric fields are obtained under different gas temperatures.The physical reasons for the gas temperature effects are discussed.The simulation results provide a better understanding of the roles of the radial reduced electric field and the heavy particle.展开更多
The generation of runaway electrons(REs)is observed during the low-density helium ohmic plasma discharge in the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak(EAST).The growth rate of hard x-ray(HXR)is inversely propor...The generation of runaway electrons(REs)is observed during the low-density helium ohmic plasma discharge in the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak(EAST).The growth rate of hard x-ray(HXR)is inversely proportional to the line-average density.Besides,the RE generation in helium plasma is higher than that in deuterium plasma at the same density,which is obtained by comparing the growth rate of HXR with the same discharge conditions.The potential reason is the higher electron temperature of helium plasma in the same current and electron density plateau.Furthermore,two Alfvén eigenmodes driven by REs have been observed.The frequency evolution of the mode is not fully satisfied with the Alfvén scaling and when extension of the Alfvén frequency is towards 0,the high frequency branch is~50 kHz.The different spatial position of the two modes and the evolution of the helium concentration could be used to understand deviation between theoretical and experimental observation.展开更多
The electron impact excitation(EIE) cross sections of an atom/ion in the whole energy region are needed in many research fields, such as astrophysics studies, inertial confinement fusion researches and so on. In the p...The electron impact excitation(EIE) cross sections of an atom/ion in the whole energy region are needed in many research fields, such as astrophysics studies, inertial confinement fusion researches and so on. In the present work, an effective method to calculate the EIE cross sections of an atom/ion in the whole energy region is presented. We use the EIE cross sections of helium as an illustration example. The optical forbidden 1^(1)S–n^(1)S(n = 2–4) and optical allowed 1^(1)S–n^(1)P(n = 2–4) excitation cross sections are calculated in the whole energy region using the scheme that combines the partial wave R-matrix method and the first Born approximation. The calculated cross sections are in good agreement with the available experimental measurements. Based on these accurate cross sections of our calculation, we find that the ratios between the accurate cross sections and Born cross sections are nearly the same for different excitation final states in the same channel. According to this interesting property, a universal correction function is proposed and given to calculate the accurate EIE cross sections with the same computational efforts of the widely used Born cross sections,which should be very useful in the related application fields. The datasets presented in this paper are openly available at https://www.doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.j00113.00142.展开更多
基金Project support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12075200)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFB3706004)。
文摘A series of high-entropy alloys(HEAs) containing nanoprecipitates of varying sizes is successfully prepared by a non-consuming vacuum arc melting method.In order to study the irradiation evolution of helium bubbles in the FeCoNiCrbased HE As with γ' precipitates,these samples are irradiated by 100-keV helium ions with a fluence of 5 × 10^(20) ions/m^(2) at 293 K and 673 K,respectively.And the samples irradiated at room temperature are annealed at different temperatures to examine the diffusion behavior of helium bubbles.Transmission electron microscope(TEM) is employed to characterize the structural morphology of precipitated nanoparticles and the evolution of helium bubbles.Experimental results reveal that nanosized,spherical,dispersed,coherent,and ordered L1_(2)-type Ni_(3)Ti γ' precipitations are introduced into FeCoNiCr(Ni_(3)Ti)_(0.1) HEAs by means of ageing treatments at temperatures between 1073 K and 1123 K.Under the ageing treatment conditions adopted in this work,γ' nanoparticles are precipitated in FeCoNiCr(Ni_(3)Ti)_(0.1) HE As,with average diameters of 15.80 nm,37.09 nm,and 62.50 nm,respectively.The average sizes of helium bubbles observed in samples after 673-K irradiation are 1.46 nm,1.65 nm,and 1.58 nm,respectively.The improvement in the irradiation resistance of FeCoNiCr(Ni_(3)Ti)_(0.1) HEAs is evidenced by the diminution in bubbles size.Furthermore,the FeCoNiCr(Ni_(3)Ti)_(0.1) HEAs containing γ' precipitates of 15.8 nm exhibits the minimum size and density of helium bubbles,which can be ascribed to the considerable helium trapping effects of heterogeneous coherent phase boundaries.Subsequently,annealing experiments conducted after 293-K irradiation indicate that HEAs containing precipitated phases exhibits smaller apparent activation energy(E_(a)) for helium bubbles,resulting in larger helium bubble size.This study provides guidance for improving the irradiation resistance of L1_(2)-strengthened high-entropy alloy.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41821002,42272163,42072167)Laoshan Laboratory Science and Technology Innovation Project(LSKJ202203403)Hainan Branch Project of CNOOC(KJZH-2021-0003-00).
文摘Based on the geochemical parameters and analytical data,the heat conservation equation,mass balance law,Rayleigh fractionation model and other methods were used to quantify the in-situ yield and external flux of crust-derived helium,and the initial He concentration and thermal driving mechanism of mantle-derived helium,in the Ledong Diapir area,the Yinggehai Basin,in order to understand the genetic source,migration and accumulation mechanisms of helium under deep thermal fluid activities.The average content of mantle-derived He is only 0.0014%,the 3 He/4 He value is(0.002–2.190)×10^(−6),and the R/Ra value ranges from 0.01 to 1.52,indicating the contribution of mantle-derived He is 0.09%–19.84%,while the proportion of crust-derived helium can reach over 80%.Quantitative analysis indicates that the crust-derived helium is dominated by external input,followed by in-situ production,in the Ledong diapir area.The crust-derived helium exhibits an in-situ 4 He yield rate of(7.66–7.95)×10^(−13)cm^(3)/(a·g),an in-situ 4 He yield of(4.10–4.25)×10^(−4)cm^(3)/g,and an external 4 He influx of(5.84–9.06)×10^(−2)cm^(3)/g.These results may be related to atmospheric recharge into formation fluid and deep rock-water interactions.The ratio of initial mole volume of 3 He to enthalpy(W)is(0.004–0.018)×10−11 cm^(3)/J,and the heat contribution from the deep mantle(XM)accounts for 7.63%–36.18%,indicating that deep hot fluid activities drive the migration of mantle-derived 3 He.The primary helium migration depends on advection,while the secondary migration is controlled by hydrothermal degassing and gas-liquid separation.From deep to shallow layers,the CO_(2)/3 He value rises from 1.34×10^(9)to 486×10^(9),indicating large amount of CO_(2)has escaped.Under the influence of deep thermal fluid,helium migration and accumulation mechanisms include:deep heat driven diffusion,advection release,vertical hydrothermal degassing,shallow lateral migration,accumulation in traps far from faults,partial pressure balance and sealing capability.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12175231 and 11805131)Anhui Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2108085J05)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Plan of China(No.2018YFE0307101)the Collaborative Innovation Program of the Hefei Science Center,CAS(Nos.2021HSC-CIP020 and 2022HSC-CIP009)。
文摘The helium bubbles induced by 14 MeV neutron irradiation can cause intergranular fractures in reduced activation ferritic martensitic steel,which is a candidate structural material for fusion reactors.In order to elucidate the susceptibility of different grain boundaries(GBs)to helium-induced embrittlement,the tensile fracture processes of 10 types of GBs with and without helium bubbles in body-centered cubic(bcc)iron at the relevant service temperature of 600 K were investigated via molecular dynamics methods.The results indicate that in the absence of helium bubbles,the GBs studied here can be classified into two distinct categories:brittle GBs and ductile GBs.The atomic scale analysis shows that the plastic deformation of ductile GB at high temperatures originates from complex plastic deformation mechanisms,including the Bain/Burgers path phase transition and deformation twinning,in which the Bain path phase transition is the most dominant plastic deformation mechanism.However,the presence of helium bubbles severely inhibits the plastic deformation channels of the GBs,resulting in a significant decrease in elongation at fractures.For bubble-decorated GBs,the ultimate tensile strength increases with the increase in the misorientation angle.Interestingly,the coherent twin boundary∑3{112}was found to maintain relatively high fracture strength and maximum failure strain under the influence of helium bubbles.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos.2020YFF01014706 and 2017YFC0601901)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.61571019 and 52177026)。
文摘Josephson junction plays a key role not only in studying the basic physics of unconventional iron-based superconductors but also in realizing practical application of thin-film based devices,therefore the preparation of high-quality iron pnictide Josephson junctions is of great importance.In this work,we have successfully fabricated Josephson junctions from Co-doped BaFe_(2)As_(2)thin films using a direct junction fabrication technique which utilizes high energy focused helium ion beam(FHIB).The electrical transport properties were investigated for junctions fabricated with various He^(+)irradiation doses.The junctions show sharp superconducting transition around 24 K with a narrow transition width of 2.5 K,and a dose correlated foot-structure resistance which corresponds to the effective tuning of junction properties by He^(+)irradiation.Significant J_c suppression by more than two orders of magnitude can be achieved by increasing the He^(+)irradiation dose,which is advantageous for the realization of low noise ion pnictide thin film devices.Clear Shapiro steps are observed under 10 GHz microwave irradiation.The above results demonstrate the successful fabrication of high quality and controllable Co-doped BaFe_(2)As_(2)Josephson junction with high reproducibility using the FHIB technique,laying the foundation for future investigating the mechanism of iron-based superconductors,and also the further implementation in various superconducting electronic devices.
基金The Natural gas formation rules and key technologies for exploration in the western exploration area KT2022A02the Science and Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Program under contract No. 2023FY101500+2 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China under contract No. 2023YFC3012005the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Researchunder contract No. CEAIEF20230505。
文摘At present, the main controlling factors of helium accumulation is one of the key scientific problems restricting the exploration and development of helium reservoir. In this paper, based on the calculation results of He generation rate and the geochemical characteristics of the produced gas, both the similarities and differences between natural gas and He resources in the Bohai Bay, Ordos and the surrounding Songliao Basin are compared and analyzed, discussing the main controlling factors of helium resources in the three main petroliferous basins of the North China Craton. It is found that the three basins of Bohai Bay, Ordos and Songliao have similar characteristics of source rocks, reservoirs and cap rocks, that's why their methane resource characteristics are essentially the same. The calculated ~4He generation per cubic metamorphic crystalline basement in the three basins is roughly equivalent, which is consistent with the measured He resources, and it is believed that the ~4He of radiogenic from the crust is the main factor controlling the overall He accumulation in the three basins;there is almost no contribution of the mantle-derived CH_4, which suggests that the transport and uplift of mantle-derived ~3He carried by the present-day magmatic activities along the deep-large faults is not the main reason for the mantle-derived ~3He mixing in the basins. Combined with the results of regional volcanic and geophysical studies,it is concluded that under the background of the destruction of North China Craton, magma intrusion carried a large amount of mantle-derived material and formed basic volcanic rocks in the Bohai Bay Basin and Songliao Basin, which replenished mantle-derived ~3He for the interior of the basins, and that strong seismic activities in and around the basins also promoted the upward migration of mantle source ~3He. This study suggests that the tectonic zone with dense volcanic rocks in the Cenozoic era and a high incidence of historical strong earthquakes history may be a potential area for helium resource exploration.
文摘In the light of analysis of the internal relations among the source strata for magmatism, thegranitic magmas and the endogenic metallizations, the basic regularity of petrogenesis and metallo-genesis of Nanling crust-derived type granitoids can be generalized as follows: (1) Two suites ofsource strata for Magmatism-the Pre-Sinian and the Lower Sinianl here the unity of the old foldbasement, the source strata for magmatism and the source strata for metallization are particularlyhighlighted. (2) Multi-stage melting of source strata for magmatism resulting in the formation ofmajor ore-related granites of three different stages (the Late Jinningean stage, the Late Caledonianstage, and the Late Indosinian-Late Yanshanian stage) under the control of tw0 tectonic units(geosyncline and diwa). (3) Three endogenic meta1logenic epoches accompanying the three stagesof ore-related granitic magmatism. (4) One major metallogenic epoch characterized by concentrat-ed commercial metallizations in large scale related to the Yanshanian crust-derived type granites.Tectonically,this major metallogenic epoch is exactly consistent with the stage of violent diwa ac-tivity. This is by no means fortuitous, but is the unavoidable result of the development and evolu-tion of the objective geologic history.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11974382 and 11474316)the support from NSERC and SHARCnet of Canada
文摘The fine and hyperfine structures of pionic helium metastable states is calculated within the formalism of the Breit-Pauli Hamiltonian by using the variationally generated wave functions in Hylleraas coordinates.Our results not only verify the existing values of Hori et al.[Phys.Rev.A 89,042515(2014)]for the fine structure of π^(4)He^(+),but also determine the hyperfine structure of π^(3)He^(+).
文摘A fiberform nanostructure was synthesized by exposing high-density helium plasma to a 100 nm thick tungsten thin film in the linear plasma device NAGDIS-II.After helium plasma exposure,the cross-section of samples was observed by a scanning electron microscope,transmission electron microscope,and focused ion beam scanning electron microscope.It is shown that the thickness of the nanostructured layer increases significantly for only a short irradiation time.The optical absorptivity remains high,even though it is exposed to helium plasma for a short time.The usage of the thin film can shorten the processing time for nanostructure growth,which will be beneficial for commercial production.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51977110)。
文摘To understand the characteristics of the plasma sheath within small tubes,a 2D numerical model of He discharge within dielectric tubes is developed.During plasma propagation for a tube diameter of 0.05 mm,the sheath thickness in the plasma head is almost equal to the tube radius.It decreases rapidly to several micrometers at an axial distance of 0.05 mm behind the plasma head,and then slightly increases and saturates at the axial position far behind the plasma head.A plasma-gas sheath surrounding the central plasma column is observed for a tube diameter equal to or greater than 0.8 mm.It is replaced by a plasma-wall sheath for smaller tubes.With the decrease in the tube diameter,the sheath thickness far behind the plasma head decreases while the ion flux increases significantly.However,when O_(2)gas with a proportion of 2%is added,both the sheath thickness and ion flux decrease.
基金supported by the Liaoning Provincial Department of Education Fund(No.LJ2020008)。
文摘A fast-rising gas temperature is due to frequent collisions of the heavy particles in an atmosphericpressure dielectric barrier discharge.In this paper,a two-dimensional fluid model is applied to investigate the influences of rising gas temperature on an atmospheric-pressure helium dielectric barrier discharge.With the increase in the gas temperature,it is found that:(1)a helium discharge can evolve from the discharge column to a homogeneous discharge;(2)the breakdown time is in advance and the gas breakdown voltage decreases;(3)the spatial distribution evolution of the electron density is similar to that of the helium atom density.The most significant discrepancy between them is that the electron densities are high at some positions where the helium atom densities are nevertheless low.Furthermore,the radial reduced electric fields are obtained under different gas temperatures.The physical reasons for the gas temperature effects are discussed.The simulation results provide a better understanding of the roles of the radial reduced electric field and the heavy particle.
基金Project supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2017YFE0301205 and 2022YFE03050003)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.Y2021116)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12005262,12105186,12175277,and 11975271)the Users of Excellence Program of Hefei Science Center CAS(Grant No.2021HSC-UE016).
文摘The generation of runaway electrons(REs)is observed during the low-density helium ohmic plasma discharge in the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak(EAST).The growth rate of hard x-ray(HXR)is inversely proportional to the line-average density.Besides,the RE generation in helium plasma is higher than that in deuterium plasma at the same density,which is obtained by comparing the growth rate of HXR with the same discharge conditions.The potential reason is the higher electron temperature of helium plasma in the same current and electron density plateau.Furthermore,two Alfvén eigenmodes driven by REs have been observed.The frequency evolution of the mode is not fully satisfied with the Alfvén scaling and when extension of the Alfvén frequency is towards 0,the high frequency branch is~50 kHz.The different spatial position of the two modes and the evolution of the helium concentration could be used to understand deviation between theoretical and experimental observation.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12241410)。
文摘The electron impact excitation(EIE) cross sections of an atom/ion in the whole energy region are needed in many research fields, such as astrophysics studies, inertial confinement fusion researches and so on. In the present work, an effective method to calculate the EIE cross sections of an atom/ion in the whole energy region is presented. We use the EIE cross sections of helium as an illustration example. The optical forbidden 1^(1)S–n^(1)S(n = 2–4) and optical allowed 1^(1)S–n^(1)P(n = 2–4) excitation cross sections are calculated in the whole energy region using the scheme that combines the partial wave R-matrix method and the first Born approximation. The calculated cross sections are in good agreement with the available experimental measurements. Based on these accurate cross sections of our calculation, we find that the ratios between the accurate cross sections and Born cross sections are nearly the same for different excitation final states in the same channel. According to this interesting property, a universal correction function is proposed and given to calculate the accurate EIE cross sections with the same computational efforts of the widely used Born cross sections,which should be very useful in the related application fields. The datasets presented in this paper are openly available at https://www.doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.j00113.00142.