Nilo Cruz is a Cuban-American playwright,whose Pulitzer-winning Anna in the Tropics has earned his national fame.Based on spatial theory proposed by Lefebvre and other scholars,this paper explores spatial transformati...Nilo Cruz is a Cuban-American playwright,whose Pulitzer-winning Anna in the Tropics has earned his national fame.Based on spatial theory proposed by Lefebvre and other scholars,this paper explores spatial transformations and characters’options from three aspects:social space,psychological space,and theatrical space.Social space is both a physical social product and a projection of social relations.Cruz focuses on spatial practice in the cigar factory and reflects the transformation of American society and production methods,which leads to the conflict between tradition and modernity.Psychological space shows the spatial subject’s psychological state in social relationships.Cruz portrays cultural displacement of Cuban immigrants and indicates their quest for identity and spatial belonging through memories and spatial transcending.Theatrical space presents a symbolic stage place.Cruz uses theatrical techniques such as juxtaposition along with sound and lighting.He goes beyond the context to make options predestined and attempts to reconstruct the spiritual order in the tragic ending,thus implying a possible eternity of memories.The interweaving of multi-dimensional transformations and options reveals Cruz’s reflection on social reality and his humanistic concern,extends beyond the stage via Tolstoy’s classic and provides a new perspective on the interpretation of this play.展开更多
The Santa Cruz Mountain range in northern California is a coastal landscape with a history of extensive forest logging and frequent large wildfires that have recently destroyed numerous residential structures at the w...The Santa Cruz Mountain range in northern California is a coastal landscape with a history of extensive forest logging and frequent large wildfires that have recently destroyed numerous residential structures at the wildland interface. Results from Landsat satellite image time-series analysis since 1984 of the study area within the Los Gatos Creek and Corralitos Creek watersheds showed that none of the severe drought periods since the 1980s have notably inhibited rapid tree and shrub regrowth rates on steep hill slopes burned recently by the 1985 Lexington Fire and the 2008 Summit Fire. In high burn severity areas of both fires, post-fire vegetation types showed a marked increase in shrub cover, mainly at the expense of evergreen tree cover. Most of these low (<3 m), dense stands of evergreen woody species have regenerated in as little as five years from bare charred ground. A combination of Landsat and Laser Altimeter (GLAS) satellite sensor data revealed that exposed south-facing slopes are presently supporting 200 to 240 Mg·ha<sup>-1</sup> of standing woody biomass on the burned areas. This study is the first of its kind to utilize a full 30-year record of Landsat vegetation index data to monitor tree and shrub regrowth after stand-replacing wildfires in California.展开更多
This essay considers the main features and status of contemporary Zapotec literature,an"ultraminor"Indigenous literature in southern Mexico.Tracing its modern emergence through 20th century literary circuits...This essay considers the main features and status of contemporary Zapotec literature,an"ultraminor"Indigenous literature in southern Mexico.Tracing its modern emergence through 20th century literary circuits that were preeminently local and politically-rooted,Zapotec literature has taken what Laachir et al.describe as a"groundup and located approach"to literary production and circulationone that clashes against the globalizing,capitalist,Western-centric relations prevalent in the field of World Literature.Shaping g/local readers and raising cultural and linguistic awareness,Zapotec authors write in their linguistic variant and self-translate their work and worldviews into Spanisha major Western language with a strong colonialist legacy and presence in the field of World Literature.Although they translate their work as a form of authorial validation within the nation,they primarily seek to nurture autochthonous forms of expression and circulation that are key in Indigenous-led cultural revitalization processes in their territory.As examples of literary worlding,I engage two contemporary Zapotec texts:Victor de la Cruz's seminal anthology of Zapotec literature Guie'sti'didxaza/La flor de la palabra and Natalia Toledo's poem"Ni guicaa T.S.Eliot/A T.S.Eliot,"published in her bilingual collection Guie'yaase'/Olivo negro.展开更多
文摘Nilo Cruz is a Cuban-American playwright,whose Pulitzer-winning Anna in the Tropics has earned his national fame.Based on spatial theory proposed by Lefebvre and other scholars,this paper explores spatial transformations and characters’options from three aspects:social space,psychological space,and theatrical space.Social space is both a physical social product and a projection of social relations.Cruz focuses on spatial practice in the cigar factory and reflects the transformation of American society and production methods,which leads to the conflict between tradition and modernity.Psychological space shows the spatial subject’s psychological state in social relationships.Cruz portrays cultural displacement of Cuban immigrants and indicates their quest for identity and spatial belonging through memories and spatial transcending.Theatrical space presents a symbolic stage place.Cruz uses theatrical techniques such as juxtaposition along with sound and lighting.He goes beyond the context to make options predestined and attempts to reconstruct the spiritual order in the tragic ending,thus implying a possible eternity of memories.The interweaving of multi-dimensional transformations and options reveals Cruz’s reflection on social reality and his humanistic concern,extends beyond the stage via Tolstoy’s classic and provides a new perspective on the interpretation of this play.
文摘The Santa Cruz Mountain range in northern California is a coastal landscape with a history of extensive forest logging and frequent large wildfires that have recently destroyed numerous residential structures at the wildland interface. Results from Landsat satellite image time-series analysis since 1984 of the study area within the Los Gatos Creek and Corralitos Creek watersheds showed that none of the severe drought periods since the 1980s have notably inhibited rapid tree and shrub regrowth rates on steep hill slopes burned recently by the 1985 Lexington Fire and the 2008 Summit Fire. In high burn severity areas of both fires, post-fire vegetation types showed a marked increase in shrub cover, mainly at the expense of evergreen tree cover. Most of these low (<3 m), dense stands of evergreen woody species have regenerated in as little as five years from bare charred ground. A combination of Landsat and Laser Altimeter (GLAS) satellite sensor data revealed that exposed south-facing slopes are presently supporting 200 to 240 Mg·ha<sup>-1</sup> of standing woody biomass on the burned areas. This study is the first of its kind to utilize a full 30-year record of Landsat vegetation index data to monitor tree and shrub regrowth after stand-replacing wildfires in California.
文摘This essay considers the main features and status of contemporary Zapotec literature,an"ultraminor"Indigenous literature in southern Mexico.Tracing its modern emergence through 20th century literary circuits that were preeminently local and politically-rooted,Zapotec literature has taken what Laachir et al.describe as a"groundup and located approach"to literary production and circulationone that clashes against the globalizing,capitalist,Western-centric relations prevalent in the field of World Literature.Shaping g/local readers and raising cultural and linguistic awareness,Zapotec authors write in their linguistic variant and self-translate their work and worldviews into Spanisha major Western language with a strong colonialist legacy and presence in the field of World Literature.Although they translate their work as a form of authorial validation within the nation,they primarily seek to nurture autochthonous forms of expression and circulation that are key in Indigenous-led cultural revitalization processes in their territory.As examples of literary worlding,I engage two contemporary Zapotec texts:Victor de la Cruz's seminal anthology of Zapotec literature Guie'sti'didxaza/La flor de la palabra and Natalia Toledo's poem"Ni guicaa T.S.Eliot/A T.S.Eliot,"published in her bilingual collection Guie'yaase'/Olivo negro.
