This study investigated the formulation mechanism of microspheres via internal surfactant distribution. Eudragit L100 based microspheres loaded with bovine serum albumin were prepared by solid in oil in oil emulsion s...This study investigated the formulation mechanism of microspheres via internal surfactant distribution. Eudragit L100 based microspheres loaded with bovine serum albumin were prepared by solid in oil in oil emulsion solvent evaporation method using acetone and liquid paraffin system containing sucrose stearate as a surfactant. The fabricated microspheres were evaluated for encapsulation efficiency, particle size, production yield, and in vitro release characteristics. The internal structures of microspheres were characterized using synchrotron radiation X-ray microcomputed tomography(SR-μCT). The enhanced contrast made the sucrose stearate distinguished from Eudragit to have its three dimensional(3D) distribution. Results indicated that the content and concentration determined the state of sucrose stearate and had significant influences on the release kinetics of protein. The dispersity of sucrose stearate was the primary factor that controlled the structure of the microspheres and further affected the encapsulation efficiency, effective drug loading, as well as in vitro release behavior. In conclusion, the 3D internal distribution of surfactant in microspheres and its effects on protein release behaviors have been revealed for the first time. The highly resolved 3D architecture provides new evidence for the deep understanding of the microsphere formation mechanism.展开更多
The microsphere was a primary particulate system for taste-masking with unique structural features defined by production process. In this article, ibuprofen lipid microspheres of octadecanol and glycerin monostearate ...The microsphere was a primary particulate system for taste-masking with unique structural features defined by production process. In this article, ibuprofen lipid microspheres of octadecanol and glycerin monostearate were prepared to mask the undesirable taste of ibuprofen via three kinds of spray congealing processes, namely, air-cooling, water-cooling and citric acid solution-cooling. The stereoscopic and internal structures of ibuprofen microspheres were quantitatively analyzed by synchrotron radiation X-ray micro-computed tomography(SR-μCT) to establish the relationship between the preparation process and microsphere architectures. It was found that the microstructure and morphology of the microspheres were significantly influenced by preparation processes as the primary factors to determine the release profiles and taste-masking effects. The sphericity of ibuprofen microspheres congealed in citric acid solution was higher than that of other two and its morphology was more regular than that being congealed in air or distilled water, and the contact angles between congealing media and melted ibuprofen in octadecanol and glycerin monostearate well demonstrated the structure differences among microspheres of three processes which controlled the release characteristics of the microspheres. The structure parameters like porosity, sphericity, and radius ratio from quantitative analysis were correlated well with drug release behaviors. The results demonstrated that the exterior morphology and internal structure of microspheres had considerable influences on the drug release behaviors as well as taste-masking effects.展开更多
All-inorganic α-CsPbBr_(x)I_(3-x)perovskites featuring nano-sized crystallites show great potential for pure-red light-emitting diode(LED)applications.Currently,the CsPbBr_(x)I_(3-x)LEDs based on nano-sized α-CsPbBr...All-inorganic α-CsPbBr_(x)I_(3-x)perovskites featuring nano-sized crystallites show great potential for pure-red light-emitting diode(LED)applications.Currently,the CsPbBr_(x)I_(3-x)LEDs based on nano-sized α-CsPbBr_(x)I_(3-x)crystallites have been fabricated mainly via the classical colloidal route including a tedious procedure of nanocrystal synthesis,purification,ligand or anion exchange,film casting,etc.With the usually adopted conventional LED device structure,only high turn-on voltages(>2.7)have been achieved for CsPbBrxl3-x LEDs.Moreover,this mix-halide system may suffer from severe spectra-shift under bias.In this report,CsPbBr_(x)I_(3-x)thin films featuring nano-sized crystallites are prepared by incorporating multiple ammonium ligands in a one-step spin-coating route.The multiple ammonium ligands constrain the growth of CsPbBr_(x)I_(3-x)nanograins.Such CsPbBr_(x)I_(3-x)thin films benefit from quantum confinement.The corresponding CsPbBr_(x)I_(3-x)LEDs,adopting a conventional LED structure of indium-doped tin oxide(ITO)/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS)/CsPbBr_(x)I_(3-x)/[6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester(PCBM)/bathocuproine(BCP)/AI,emit pure-red color at Commission Internationale de I'eclairage(CIE)coordinates of(0.709,0.290),(0.711,0.289),etc.,which represent the highest color-purity for reported pure-red perovskite LEDs and meet the Rec.2020 requirement at CIE(0.708,0.292)very well.The CsPbBr_(x)I_(3-x)LED shows a low turn-on voltage of 1.6 V,maximum external quantum efficiency of 8.94%,high luminance of 2,859 cd·m^(-2),and good color stability under bias.展开更多
We report a novel strategy for the green synthesis of calcium carbonate （CaCO3） microspheres by using four vegetables： potato, cucumber, aubergine, and carrot. The products were characterized by scanning electron m...We report a novel strategy for the green synthesis of calcium carbonate （CaCO3） microspheres by using four vegetables： potato, cucumber, aubergine, and carrot. The products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffractometry and/or Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results show that the spherical calcite crystals are obtained in the presence of potato, cucumber and aubergine extracts, while uniform vaterite and calcite mixed microspheres are produced with the extracts of carrot. The possible formation mechanism of the CaCO3 microspheres by using vegetables is also discussed, suggesting that the biomolecules especially proteins may induce and control the nucleation and growth of CaCO3 crystals. CaCO3 is an important biomineral and inorganic material. Uniform particles have numerous important applications in many areas. Therefore, this study is very significant not only for expanding the scope of crystal engineering, but also for biomineralization research and green synthesis of functional inorganic materials.展开更多
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81430087)the National Science and Technology Major Project(2013ZX09402103)
文摘This study investigated the formulation mechanism of microspheres via internal surfactant distribution. Eudragit L100 based microspheres loaded with bovine serum albumin were prepared by solid in oil in oil emulsion solvent evaporation method using acetone and liquid paraffin system containing sucrose stearate as a surfactant. The fabricated microspheres were evaluated for encapsulation efficiency, particle size, production yield, and in vitro release characteristics. The internal structures of microspheres were characterized using synchrotron radiation X-ray microcomputed tomography(SR-μCT). The enhanced contrast made the sucrose stearate distinguished from Eudragit to have its three dimensional(3D) distribution. Results indicated that the content and concentration determined the state of sucrose stearate and had significant influences on the release kinetics of protein. The dispersity of sucrose stearate was the primary factor that controlled the structure of the microspheres and further affected the encapsulation efficiency, effective drug loading, as well as in vitro release behavior. In conclusion, the 3D internal distribution of surfactant in microspheres and its effects on protein release behaviors have been revealed for the first time. The highly resolved 3D architecture provides new evidence for the deep understanding of the microsphere formation mechanism.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81773645)National Science and Technology Major Projects for the Major New Drugs Innovation and Development(2017ZX09101001-006)
文摘The microsphere was a primary particulate system for taste-masking with unique structural features defined by production process. In this article, ibuprofen lipid microspheres of octadecanol and glycerin monostearate were prepared to mask the undesirable taste of ibuprofen via three kinds of spray congealing processes, namely, air-cooling, water-cooling and citric acid solution-cooling. The stereoscopic and internal structures of ibuprofen microspheres were quantitatively analyzed by synchrotron radiation X-ray micro-computed tomography(SR-μCT) to establish the relationship between the preparation process and microsphere architectures. It was found that the microstructure and morphology of the microspheres were significantly influenced by preparation processes as the primary factors to determine the release profiles and taste-masking effects. The sphericity of ibuprofen microspheres congealed in citric acid solution was higher than that of other two and its morphology was more regular than that being congealed in air or distilled water, and the contact angles between congealing media and melted ibuprofen in octadecanol and glycerin monostearate well demonstrated the structure differences among microspheres of three processes which controlled the release characteristics of the microspheres. The structure parameters like porosity, sphericity, and radius ratio from quantitative analysis were correlated well with drug release behaviors. The results demonstrated that the exterior morphology and internal structure of microspheres had considerable influences on the drug release behaviors as well as taste-masking effects.
基金the Energy Materials and Surface Sciences Unit of the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University(OIST),the OIST Proof of Concept(POC)Program,the OIST R&D Cluster Research Program,and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS)Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research[KAKENHI](No.JP18K05266).
文摘All-inorganic α-CsPbBr_(x)I_(3-x)perovskites featuring nano-sized crystallites show great potential for pure-red light-emitting diode(LED)applications.Currently,the CsPbBr_(x)I_(3-x)LEDs based on nano-sized α-CsPbBr_(x)I_(3-x)crystallites have been fabricated mainly via the classical colloidal route including a tedious procedure of nanocrystal synthesis,purification,ligand or anion exchange,film casting,etc.With the usually adopted conventional LED device structure,only high turn-on voltages(>2.7)have been achieved for CsPbBrxl3-x LEDs.Moreover,this mix-halide system may suffer from severe spectra-shift under bias.In this report,CsPbBr_(x)I_(3-x)thin films featuring nano-sized crystallites are prepared by incorporating multiple ammonium ligands in a one-step spin-coating route.The multiple ammonium ligands constrain the growth of CsPbBr_(x)I_(3-x)nanograins.Such CsPbBr_(x)I_(3-x)thin films benefit from quantum confinement.The corresponding CsPbBr_(x)I_(3-x)LEDs,adopting a conventional LED structure of indium-doped tin oxide(ITO)/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS)/CsPbBr_(x)I_(3-x)/[6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester(PCBM)/bathocuproine(BCP)/AI,emit pure-red color at Commission Internationale de I'eclairage(CIE)coordinates of(0.709,0.290),(0.711,0.289),etc.,which represent the highest color-purity for reported pure-red perovskite LEDs and meet the Rec.2020 requirement at CIE(0.708,0.292)very well.The CsPbBr_(x)I_(3-x)LED shows a low turn-on voltage of 1.6 V,maximum external quantum efficiency of 8.94%,high luminance of 2,859 cd·m^(-2),and good color stability under bias.
基金This work was supported by the National Science Foundation of China （No. 20871001）, Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation （No. 10040606Q58）, the Science Foundation for Excellent Youth Scholars of Higher Education of Anhui Province （No. 2011SQRL142）, the Project of Huangshan University （No. 2010xkjq001）, and the Post-Doctoral Project of Huangshan NOVEL Co., Ltd.
文摘We report a novel strategy for the green synthesis of calcium carbonate （CaCO3） microspheres by using four vegetables： potato, cucumber, aubergine, and carrot. The products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffractometry and/or Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results show that the spherical calcite crystals are obtained in the presence of potato, cucumber and aubergine extracts, while uniform vaterite and calcite mixed microspheres are produced with the extracts of carrot. The possible formation mechanism of the CaCO3 microspheres by using vegetables is also discussed, suggesting that the biomolecules especially proteins may induce and control the nucleation and growth of CaCO3 crystals. CaCO3 is an important biomineral and inorganic material. Uniform particles have numerous important applications in many areas. Therefore, this study is very significant not only for expanding the scope of crystal engineering, but also for biomineralization research and green synthesis of functional inorganic materials.
