多孔框架结构封装提高CsPbX_(3)(X=Cl,Br,I)纳米晶稳定性的研究进展

全无机钙钛矿CsPbX_(3)(X=Cl,Br,I)纳米晶作为新一代光电半导体材料,具有荧光量子产率高、发射谱线窄、色纯度和缺陷容忍度高以及带宽和荧光发射连续可调等一系列优势,已被广泛应用于光电子器件领域。但是当钙钛矿材料暴露于光照、热和极性溶剂环境中时,极易发生分解、结构破坏和聚集,导致荧光性能迅速下降,严重阻碍了其商业化应用进程。基于此,大量科研工作者致力于提高全无机钙钛矿纳米晶稳定性的相关研究,并取得了颇有成效的成果。主要从钙钛矿纳米晶的结构入手,系统分析了其不稳定的根本原因,在此基础上,总结了多孔框架结构封装策略提高CsPbX_(3)纳米晶稳定性的最新研究进展,并对其未来的重点发展方向进行了展望。

前驱体工程制备高效无机CsPbX_(3)钙钛矿太阳电池

无机CsPbX_(3)钙钛矿材料由于其优异的光电性能、较宽的可调带隙及简单的制备工艺而得到广泛关注。溶液制备无机CsPbX_(3)钙钛矿结晶速率过快,结晶质量不高,所获得的CsPbX_(3)薄膜体相和表面存在大量的缺陷,严重影响了CsPbX_(3)钙钛矿太阳电池(perovskite solar cells,PSCs)的效率和稳定性,因此需要调控CsPbX_(3)薄膜的结晶过程,钝化其缺陷,以便获得高质量的钙钛矿薄膜和高效、稳定的无机CsPbX_(3)PSCs。近年来,前驱体工程已被证明是获得高质量钙钛矿薄膜的有效策略。该文对无机CsPbX_(3)钙钛矿晶体结构、光电性能、制备方法及存在问题等方面进行概述,总结并讨论了基于前驱体工程制备高质量无机CsPbX_(3)钙钛矿薄膜的4种主要方法,包括组分优化、添加剂策略、中间相调控、异质结构筑。其中,组分优化能够有效调控结晶速率和结晶路径;添加剂策略实现对不同类型缺陷的钝化;中间相调控是获得优良的表面形貌和高结晶度钙钛矿薄膜的关键策略;异质结构筑是抑制不利非辐射复合,提高钙钛矿稳定性的有效策略。最后,对无机CsPbX_(3)PSCs研究的发展趋势进行了展望,在未来应该深入探索CsPbX_(3)钙钛矿薄膜结晶机理和缺陷钝化物理机制,以制备高质量钙钛矿薄膜,同时应致力于大面积器件和叠层电池的制备和开发,以实现更高的光电转换效率和商业化应用。

m(ZnO)/m(B_(2)O_(3))质量比对低熔点封接玻璃Bi_(2)O_(3)-B_(2)O_(3)-ZnO结构、性能与润湿性的影响

针对真空玻璃封接的性能要求,本文采用高温熔融法制备了一种针对真空玻璃封接的铋系非晶无铅玻璃粉,通过高温X射线衍射、粉末X射线衍射、拉曼光谱、差式扫描量热仪、热膨胀测试和扫描电子显微镜等测试方法,研究了m(ZnO)/m(B_(2)O_(3))质量比对Bi_(2)O_(3)-B_(2)O_(3)-ZnO玻璃的网络结构、特征温度、热膨胀系数和封接温度的影响。结果表明,增加m(ZnO)/m(B_(2)O_(3))质量比可促进锌氧多面体由[ZnO_(4)]向[ZnO_(6)]转变,导致热膨胀系数降低,特征温度升高。当m(Bi_(2)O_(3))∶m(B_(2)O_(3))∶m(ZnO)质量比为80∶7∶13,玻璃具有较低的玻璃化转变温度T_(g)(371℃)和膨胀软化温度T_(f)(401℃),热膨胀系数为9.3×10^(-6)℃^(-1),封接温度为450℃,可满足真空玻璃封接对低熔点封接玻璃粉的要求。

Pb^(2+)对掺杂硼硅酸盐玻璃中CsPbBr_(3)钙钛矿量子点发光性能的影响

硼硅酸盐玻璃包覆钙钛矿CsPbBr_(3)量子点(PQDs@glass)能够大幅提高PQDs的稳定性,使其在LED照明和显示技术中拥有广泛的应用空间。然而,玻璃包覆的同时也导致了PQDs发光强度与量子产率降低。本工作为提高其发光强度探讨了热诱导温度及Pb^(2+)的含量对PQDs@glass结构的影响,当热诱导温度为460℃,Pb^(2+)浓度为6 mol时,其发光强度最高。研究发现,Pb^(2+)浓度的增加会导致玻璃网状结构的致密化,改变玻璃组分的扩散行为,影响PQDs的析晶过程,导致PQDs@glass发光强度的变化。本工作得到量子产率高达95.6%的PQDs@glass,并实现了硼硅酸盐玻璃基质内PQDs的尺寸可控制备。结果表明,PQDs尺寸分布在10 nm左右,超过86%的颗粒尺寸在6~14 nm内,且具有优越的稳定性,经历10次室温至200℃热循环后,发光强度仍能保持初始强度的98.9%。最后,为了验证其在LED照明及显示领域的应用,将制备的量子点微晶玻璃粉料与二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)混合,得到的LED器件性能优异,色域范围覆盖110%sRGB。本研究为PQDs@glass的大规模制备及其在LED器件领域的应用奠定了基础。

The breakdown of diopside to(Ca,Mg)SiO_(3)perovskite–(Mg,Ca,Fe)SiO_(3)glass–(Mg,Ca)SiO_(3)glass–(Mg,Ca)SiO_(3)majorite in a melt vein the Suizhou L6 chondrite

The Suizhou meteorite is a heavily shocked and melted vein-containing L6 chondrite.It contains a minor amount of diopside with a(Ca_(0.419)Mg_(0.466)Fe_(0.088))SiO_(3)composition,and a shock-metamorphosed diopside grain associated with ringwoodite and lingunite was found in a melt vein of this meteorite.Our electron microprobe,transmission electron microscopic and Raman spectroscopic analyses revealed four silicate phases with different compositions and structures inside this shock-metamorphosed diopside grain,termed phase A,B,C and D in this paper.Phase A is identified as orthorhombic(Ca_(0.663)-Mg_(0.314))SiO_(3)-perovskite which is closely associated with phase B,the vitrified(Mg_(0.642)Ca_(0.290)Fe_(0.098))SiO_(3)perovskite.Phase D is assigned to be(Mg_(0.578)Ca_(0.414))SiO_(3)majorite which is associated with phase C,the vetrified Carich Mg-perovskite with a(Mg_(0.853)Ca_(0.167))SiO_(3)composition.Based on high-pressure and high-temperature experiments,the diopside grain in the melt vein of the Suizhou meteorite would have experienced a P–T regime of 20–24GPa and 1800–>2000℃.Such P–T conditions are high enough for the decomposition of the diopside and the formation of four different silicate phases.The orthorhombic(Ca_(0.663)Mg_(0.314))SiO_(3)perovskite found in the Suizhou L6 chondrite might be considered as the third lower-mantle silicate mineral after bridgmanite and davemaoite after the detailed analyses of its crystal structure and physical properties being completed.

Effect of ZnO,La_(2)O_(3),and YF_(3)on Crystallization and Rehological Behavior of Y_(2)O_(3)-Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)Glass

The effect of substitution La_(2)O_(3)and YF_(3)as network modifiers respectively for Y_(2)O_(3),and ZnO as intermediate oxide for Al_(2)O_(3)on crystallization and viscous behavior of Y_(2)O_(3)-Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)glass was studied.La_(2)O_(3)and YF_(3)substitution for Y_(2)O_(3)decreases the melting temperature of studied glass from 1402 to 1346 and 1379℃,and the activation energy of viscous flow decreases from 340 to 250 and 265 kJ/mol.Meanwhile,ZnO substitution for Al_(2)O_(3)decreases the melting temperature to 1379℃while increases the activation energy of viscous flow to 542 kJ/mol,due to their different role in glass structure.Substitution ZnO for Al_(2)O_(3)refines and homogenizes the crystals size and lowers crystallinity because the nucleation and crystal growth are depressed by higher activation energy of crystallization and change of crystallization mechanism from bulk crystallization to surface crystallization.Replacement of Y_(2)O_(3)by La_(2)O_(3)and YF_(3)respectively also decreases the crystallinity of Y_(2)O_(3)-Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)glass ceramic due to competitive and hindering effect on the rearranged atoms,structural units and groups required by precipitated two crystals.Besides,y-Y2Si2O7,precipitation of Y4.67(SiO4)3O,ZnAl_(2)O_(4),and Y3Si3O10F were observed respectively due to incorporation of La_(2)O_(3),ZnO,and YF_(3).

Fe_(2)O_(3)对含铈钙钛矿玻璃陶瓷物相结构及化学稳定性的影响

本文以典型SiO_(2)-B_(2)O_(3)-CaO-Na_(2)O-TiO_(2)硼硅酸盐玻璃为基础玻璃,采用热处理析晶法制备含铈钙钛矿玻璃陶瓷固化体。通过DSC、XRD、FTIR、SEM-EDS、ICP等测试方法研究了不同Fe_(2)O_(3)含量对该固化体物相结构及化学稳定性的影响。结果表明,随着Fe_(2)O_(3)的掺入,CeO_(2)晶体衍射峰强度逐渐减弱,钙钛矿(CaTiO_(3))晶粒分布的均匀程度呈先升高后降低的趋势,所有元素的归一化浸出率呈先降低后升高的趋势。当Fe_(2)O_(3)含量为6%(质量分数)时,CeO_(2)晶体消失,晶粒的分布最为均匀,所有元素的归一化浸出率最低。28 d后,所有样品中元素的归一化浸出率(g·m^(-2)·d^(-1))均低于10^(-3)数量级,这表明所制备的玻璃陶瓷固化体具有优异的化学稳定性。本研究为采用钙钛矿玻璃陶瓷固化体处理高放核废液提供了理论支撑和实验指导。

Preparation of B_(2)O_(3)-ZnO-SiO_(2)Glass and Sintering Densification of Copper Terminal Electrode Applied in Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors

B_(2)O_(3)-Zn O-SiO_(2)(BZS)glass containing Cu O with excellent acid resistance,wetting properties,and high-temperature sintering density was prepared by high temperature melting method and then applied in copper terminal electrode for multilayer ceramic capacitors(MLCC)applications.The structure and property characterization of B_(2)O_(3)-Zn O-SiO_(2)glass,including X-ray diffraction,FTIR,scanning electron microscopy,high-temperature microscopy,and differential scanning calorimetry,indicated that the addition of CuO improved the glass’s acid resistance and glass-forming ability.The wettability and acid resistance of this glass were found to be excellent when CuO content was 1.50 wt%.Compared to BZS glass,the CuO-added glass exhibited excellent wettability to copper powder and corrosion resistance to the plating solution.The sintered copper electrode films prepared using the glass with CuO addition had better densification and lower sintering temperature of 750℃.Further analysis of the sintering mechanism reveals that the flowability and wettability of the glass significantly impact the sintering densification of the copper terminal electrodes.

Si_(3)N_(4)和BN对铕掺杂硼硅酸盐玻璃发光性能的影响

铕离子在自然界中通常以Eu^(3+)存在,然而,铕离子单掺发光材料只有当Eu^(2+)和Eu^(3+)以合适浓度共存时才能实现白光发射。在还原气氛中制备铕掺杂硼硅酸盐玻璃时,很容易使得Eu^(3+)全部还原为Eu^(2+),因而很难获得Eu^(2+)和Eu^(3+)共存的发光材料。在空气氛围的烧成条件下对比研究了还原剂Si_(3)N_(4)和BN对铕掺杂硼硅酸盐玻璃发光性能的影响。结果表明,Si_(3)N_(4)和BN都能够在空气氛围下实现硼硅酸盐玻璃中铕离子的部分还原,且Si_(3)N_(4)的还原能力比BN更强。当Si_(3)N_(4)替代达到5 mol%,铕掺杂硼硅酸盐玻璃样品中Eu^(2+)浓度占优势,其CIE坐标为(x=0.29,y=0.34),表明以Si_(3)N_(4)还原铕掺杂硼硅酸盐玻璃在白光照明用荧光材料领域具有显著的应用潜力。

CaO-B_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)微晶玻璃的制备及介电性能

低介电常数、低介电损耗的微晶玻璃是制造低温共烧陶瓷基板的重要材料。本文采用熔融水淬法制备了CaO-B_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)(CBS)微晶玻璃,重点研究了m(CaO)/m(SiO_(2))质量比、B_(2)O_(3)含量对CBS微晶玻璃介电性能的影响。结果表明:CBS微晶玻璃的主要晶相有Ca_(3)Si_(3)O_(9)、Ca_(2)B_(2)O_(5)、CaB_(2)O_(4)、SiO_(2)和Ca_(2)SiO_(4)。随着m(CaO)/m(SiO_(2))质量比的增加,介电常数增加,介电损耗先降低后增加;硅灰石相的增多使介电损耗从2.87×10^(-3)降到1.36×10^(-3),介电损耗随着SiO_(2)、Ca_(2)B_(2)O_(5)和CaB_(2)O_(4)含量的增加而增大。随着B_(2)O_(3)含量的增加,介电常数先增加后减少,而介电损耗则相反。当m(CaO)/m(SiO_(2))质量比为0.89、B_(2)O_(3)含量为15%(质量分数)时,在900℃烧结3 h,CBS微晶玻璃的热膨胀系数为7.16×10^(-6)℃^(-1),介电常数为5.85,介电损耗为1.37×10^(-3)(10 GHz)。

CuO掺量对ZnO-B_(2)O_(3)-Bi_(2)O_(3)玻璃结构与热性能的影响

为了降低硼酸盐无铅封接玻璃的软化温度,研究了CuO掺量(0~15%,质量分数,下同)对40ZnO-30B_(2)O_(3)-30Bi_(2)O_(3)玻璃结构及热性能的影响。结果表明,在950℃保温2 h的熔制工艺条件下,试验组成范围内均能形成均质玻璃。随着CuO掺量增加,ZnO-B_(2)O_(3)-Bi_(2)O_(3)玻璃中的[BO_(3)]/[BO_(4)]结构单元比例先增大后减小,在CuO掺量为8%时达到最大值,此时[BO_(3)]结构单元含量相对较多。当CuO掺量进一步增加,部分[BO_(3)]逐渐向[BO_(4)]转变。此外,随CuO掺量增加,玻璃化转变温度及析晶温度逐渐降低,在400~850℃范围质量损失速率逐渐减小,但15%高掺量时呈现质量增加的趋势。玻璃的平均线热膨胀系数(25~450℃)随CuO增多无明显变化,保持在7.10×10^(-6)℃^(-1)左右。玻璃的软化温度和半球温度呈先降低后升高的趋势,当CuO掺量为8%时,软化温度和半球温度最低。

Chromosome-level genome assembly of the glass catfish(Kryptopterus vitreolus)reveals molecular clues to its transparent phenotype

Glass catfish(Kryptopterus vitreolus)are notable in the aquarium trade for their highly transparent body pattern.This transparency is due to the loss of most reflective iridophores and light-absorbing melanophores in the main body,although certain black and silver pigments remain in the face and head.To date,however,the molecular mechanisms underlying this transparent phenotype remain largely unknown.To explore the genetic basis of this transparency,we constructed a chromosome-level haplotypic genome assembly for the glass catfish,encompassing 32 chromosomes and 23344 protein-coding genes,using PacBio and Hi-C sequencing technologies and standard assembly and annotation pipelines.Analysis revealed a premature stop codon in the putative albinism-related tyrp1b gene,encoding tyrosinase-related protein 1,rendering it a nonfunctional pseudogene.Notably,a synteny comparison with over 30 other fish species identified the loss of the endothelin-3(edn3b)gene in the glass catfish genome.To investigate the role of edn3b,we generated edn3b^(−/−)mutant zebrafish,which exhibited a remarkable reduction in black pigments in body surface stripes compared to wild-type zebrafish.These findings indicate that edn3b loss contributes to the transparent phenotype of the glass catfish.Our high-quality chromosome-scale genome assembly and identification of key genes provide important molecular insights into the transparent phenotype of glass catfish.These findings not only enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying transparency in glass catfish,but also offer a valuable genetic resource for further research on pigmentation in various animal species.

ρ-Al_(2)O_(3)复合铝酸钙水泥烧结助剂对多孔碳化硅陶瓷性能的影响

为了提高多孔碳化硅陶瓷的性能,以绿碳化硅为主原料,石墨为造孔剂,用铝酸钙水泥(CAC)和水合氧化铝(ρ-Al_(2)O_(3))配制成复合烧结助剂(ρ-Al_(2)O_(3)-CAC),经1450℃保温3 h,制备多孔碳化硅陶瓷。研究了ρ-Al_(2)O_(3)-CAC加入量(加入质量分数为2.5%~20%)对多孔碳化硅陶瓷物相组成、显微结构和性能的影响。结果表明:1)ρ-Al_(2)O_(3)-CAC能促进碳化硅的氧化,并与碳化硅氧化生成的SiO_(2)发生原位反应,形成玻璃-莫来石复相结合,同时还在结合相中引入气泡,气泡会随ρ-Al_(2)O_(3)-CAC加入量的增加而长大;2)当ρ-Al_(2)O_(3)-CAC的加入量为12.5%(w)时,制得的多孔碳化硅陶瓷综合性能最佳,其显气孔率为39.1%,室温弯曲强度为39.3 MPa,透气度为26.74 m^(3)·h^(-1)·kPa^(-1)·m^(-2),抗热震性最优。

B_(2)O_(3)含量对磷酸盐玻璃结构和性能的影响及其成纤工艺初探

采用熔融冷却法制备不同B_(2)O_(3)含量的P_(2)O_(5)-CaO-B_(2)O_(3)(PCB)系磷酸盐玻璃,研究B_(2)O_(3)含量对结构以及热稳定性的影响,选取单位表面积失重量最大的玻璃样品,通过高温黏度与差示扫描量热(DSC)测试分析,初探该玻璃的成纤工艺。结果表明,B_(2)O_(3)质量分数为3%时,P-O-P键被破坏;B_(2)O_(3)质量分数达到12%时,B^(3+)参与形成键强较大的P-O-B键,此时玻璃的热稳定性达到最佳;B_(2)O_(3)质量分数达到18%时,[BO_(3)]、[BO_(4)]单独存在并参与玻璃网络结构的形成,说明PCB三元系统磷酸盐玻璃具有成纤的可能性,并发现低拉丝速率会造成纤维表面存在缺陷。研究结果可为后续功能性PCB玻纤的研究提供参考。

Novel sandwich structured glass fiber Cloth/Poly(ethylene oxide)-MXene composite electrolyte

Recently,poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO)-based solid polymer electrolytes have been attracting great attention,and efforts are currently underway to develop PEO-based composite electrolytes for next generation high performance all-solid-state lithium metal batteries.In this article,a novel sandwich structured solid-state PEO composite electrolyte is developed for high performance all-solid-state lithium metal batteries.The PEO-based composite electrolyte is fabricated by hot-pressing PEO,LiTFSI and Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) MXene nanosheets into glass fiber cloth(GFC).The as-prepared GFC@PEO-MXene electrolyte shows high mechanical properties,good electrochemical stability,and high lithium-ion migration number,which indicates an obvious synergistic effect from the microscale GFC and the nanoscale MXene.Such as,the GFC@PEO-1 wt%MXene electrolyte shows a high tensile strength of 43.43 MPa and an impressive Young's modulus of 496 MPa,which are increased by 1205%and 6048%over those of PEO.Meanwhile,the ionic conductivity of GFC@PEO-1 wt%MXene at 60℃ reaches 5.01×10^(-2) S m^(-1),which is increased by around 200%compared with that of GFC@PEO electrolyte.In addition,the Li/Li symmetric battery based on GFC@PEO-1 wt%MXene electrolyte shows an excellent cycling stability over 800 h(0.3 mA cm^(-2),0.3 mAh cm^(-2)),which is obviously longer than that based on PEO and GFC@PEO electrolytes due to the better compatibility of GFC@PEO-1 wt%MXene electrolyte with Li anode.Furthermore,the solid-state Li/LiFePO_(4) battery with GFC@PEO-1 wt%MXene as electrolyte demonstrates a high capacity of 110.2–166.1 mAh g^(-1) in a wide temperature range of 25–60C,and an excellent capacity retention rate.The developed sandwich structured GFC@PEO-1 wt%MXene electrolyte with the excellent overall performance is promising for next generation high performance all-solid-state lithium metal batteries.

Gd^(3+)/Ce^(3+)对Tb^(3+)掺杂氟氧化物玻璃发光敏化作用的影响

本文采用高温熔融法制备了Gd/Tb、Gd/Ce、Gd/Ce/Tb掺杂的SiO_(2)-B_(2)O_(3)-BaF_(2)组分氟氧化物玻璃,通过测试X射线衍射光谱确定了其物相,通过测试其不同波段激发下的荧光光谱研究了不同Gd_(2)O_(3)掺量下Tb^(3+)的发光性能,并确定了Gd_(2)O_(3)更精确的最佳掺量范围。此外,文中通过改变气氛制备了Gd/Ce/Tb共掺杂氟氧化物玻璃,对比研究了Gd^(3+)和Ce^(3+)对Tb^(3+)的敏化作用。结果表明,本文所制备的氟氧化物玻璃都呈稳定的玻璃态;Gd^(3+)和Ce^(3+)对Tb^(3+)的发光都具有敏化作用,且Gd_(2)O_(3)掺量为7%(摩尔分数,下同)时敏化效果相较于其他掺量最为显著,超出7%则造成猝灭;Ce_(2)O_(3)掺入玻璃后以Ce^(3+)和Ce^(4+)两种价态共存,在还原气氛下掺入相较于空气气氛下掺入更容易保持Ce^(3+)状态,而且Ce^(3+)对Tb^(3+)的发光具有敏化作用,Ce^(4+)会抑制Tb^(3+)的发光。

n(Bi_(2)O_(3))/n(SiO_(2))对Bi_(2)O_(3)-B2O_(3)-SiO_(2)系光伏玻璃背板油墨微观结构和反射率的影响

随着光伏发射极和背面钝化电池双面双玻组件产业的兴起,光伏玻璃背板用光伏油墨的需求量逐年递增。光伏油墨制备成涂层后,其致密程度将直接影响自身的反射率,进而对光伏电池的光电转化效率产生影响。本文通过改变n(Bi_(2)O_(3))/n(SiO_(2)),探究玻璃熔剂析晶和其对Bi_(2)O_(3)-B_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)系玻璃熔剂所制备光伏油墨的影响。采用DSC和Raman对玻璃熔剂的特征行为进行了表征,采用XRD、SEM、色度仪对不同光伏油墨涂层的微观结构和反射率进行了研究,并提出了光伏油墨涂层的光反射增强机制。研究表明,n(Bi_(2)O_(3))/n(SiO_(2))的升高会使[BiO_(3)]和[BiO_(6)]基团含量增多,破坏[SiO_(4)]玻璃网络的能力增强,玻璃熔剂的转变温度和析晶峰温度逐渐降低,玻璃熔剂的析晶能力逐渐增大。在短时间内烤制后的玻璃熔剂涂层中会逐渐析出大量的片状Bi_(2)SiO_(5)晶粒,将其制备成光伏油墨涂层后,涂层的反射率会随着n(Bi_(2)O_(3))/n(SiO_(2))的升高而逐渐升高。当n(Bi_(2)O_(3))/n(SiO_(2))为30∶60时,光伏油墨涂层的反射率在近红外波长范围内可提升到82.66%。这主要是因为油墨涂层中的孔隙和空洞作为异相界面,可促使Bi_(2)SiO_(5)晶粒析出并填充在光伏油墨涂层的孔隙和空洞中,使油墨涂层的致密度提高,从而增强光伏油墨涂层对光线的反射能力。

超短脉冲激光在掺Er^(3+)磷酸盐玻璃中制备光波导的实验研究

超短脉冲激光通过非线性吸收调制光学材料折射率提供了一种高效制备集成三维光子器件的途径.掺Er^(3+)磷酸盐玻璃由于其优异的特性以及在1.55μm通信波段附近的发射光谱,成为了集成光学主动增益材料中的研究热点.实验采用重复频率1 kHz,中心波长800 nm,脉冲宽度120 fs的钛宝石飞秒激光放大系统作为制备波导的光源,系统研究了加工参数对激光写入形貌、波导形成及光学特性的影响.实验结果表明,在狭缝整形辅助短焦物镜横向刻写条件下,写入脉冲能量为1.8μJ时,光波导可以在写入速度为10μm/s-160μm的较宽范围内形成;写入速度为40μm/s时,光波导写入脉冲能量参数窗口为1.6μJ-2.0μJ;波导写入深度在125μm-200μm范围时,波导横截面对称性较好且折射率修改明显;近场强度测量结果显示所制备波导近场强度分布对称,导光特性良好.通过有限差分法反推波导区域折射率修改分布,结果显示最大折射率修改为Δn=6.6×10^(-4).截断传输损耗测量结果显示所制备波导的传输损耗低至0.91 dB/cm.

蓝光激发的KMgF_(3)∶Cr^(3+)/Ni^(2+)基透明微晶玻璃超宽带近红外发光

近红外光谱技术在食品科学、信息安全、生物医疗等重大国计民生领域的应用对近红外光源提出了越来越高的要求。研发具有高效超宽带发射的近红外光源因此成为一项重要且迫切的研究课题。本文采用熔融淬火法在氟硅酸盐玻璃体系SiO_(2)-K_(2)CO_(3)-KF·2H_(2)O-MgF_(2)中成功析出了钙钛矿型KMgF_(3)纳米晶体。通过改变玻璃组分和热处理温度可以调控氟化物纳米晶相的析出,得到析晶和透明度最佳的微晶玻璃样品。玻璃中KMgF_(3)纳米晶体为Cr^(3+)和Ni^(2+)提供了稳定的八面体配位和低声子能量发光环境,在450 nm蓝光激发下,基于Cr^(3+)到Ni^(2+)的能量传递实现了Cr^(3+)(700~1200 nm)和Ni^(2+)(1400~1700 nm)双宽带近红外发射,并且双宽带近红外发光强度随离子掺杂浓度而可调变化。荧光光谱和荧光衰减曲线表征证明了Cr^(3+)到Ni^(2+)的能量传递过程,对应的能量传递效率为52.2%,能量传递机制为电子偶极-四极相互作用。研究结果不仅可以为系统掌握透明光学材料的超宽带发光规律提供基础数据,同时有助于设计开发低成本、高效率的近红外宽带光源。

ZrO_(2)/P_(2)O_(5)复合晶核剂对LiO_(2)-Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)玻璃微晶化和力学性能影响

为提高LiO_(2)-Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)系玻璃的性能,采用熔融法制备了ZrO_(2)/P_(2)O_(5)复合晶核剂的LiO_(2)-Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)系玻璃,通过扫描电镜(SEM),差热分析(DSC),X射线衍射(XRD)等测试方法研究了不同晶核剂对LiO_(2)-Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)系玻璃微晶化和力学性能的影响。研究表明采用复合晶核剂玻璃可降低析晶活化能,促进晶化,抗弯强度更高,玻璃可见光透过率超过80%;采用复合晶核剂样品晶粒尺寸小于100纳米,晶粒组织更细,同时成核效率高;复合晶核剂微晶玻璃的透过率、硬度和抗弯强度分别为85.4%、521 HV和79.37 MPa,比单一晶核剂玻璃性能更优。