The objective of the study was to compare the efficacy of one topical insecticide-acaricide (Frontline Tri-Act?) and of one collar (Seresto?) against fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) and ticks (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) ...The objective of the study was to compare the efficacy of one topical insecticide-acaricide (Frontline Tri-Act?) and of one collar (Seresto?) against fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) and ticks (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) on dogs exposed to bi-weekly water showering. Twenty four (24) dogs were enrolled in the study. A first set of 16 dogs were acclimatised to their cages from Day 1 to 7 and a second set of 8 dogs from Day 163 to Day 169. The 24 dogs were randomly allocated to three groups (1 to 3). Dogs assigned to Group 1 were not treated and served as negative controls. Dogs assigned to Group 2 received the Seresto? collar on Day 0 and dogs in Group 3 received Frontline Tri-Act? on Days 170 and 198. The dogs were observed hourly for four hours after treatment administration for possible adverse reactions. Dogs in Groups 1 and 2 underwent water showering on Days 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, 84, 98, 112, 126, 143 and 157. Dogs in all groups underwent water showering on Days 173, 185, 199 and 213. Dogs were infested with approximately 100 (±4) adult, unfed C. felis fleas only on Days 177, 190, 203, and 217, in alternance with infestations with 50 adult unfed R. sanguineus on Days 182, 196, 210, and 224, to assess sustained efficacy. Fleas and ticks were removed and counted on 24 and 48 hours ± 2 hours after each infestation, respectively. Frontline Tri-Act? was >99% effective against C. felis following an initial and a second monthly administration on dogs that were water showered bi-weekly. The Seresto? collar was from 68.3% to 92.9% effective against C. felis Days 178 to 218 after collar administration. Frontline Tri-Act? was effective from 87.8% to 100% against ticks whereas Seresto collar was effective from 82.2% to 94.2% from Day 184 to Day 226.展开更多
The mating behavior of cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis (Bouche) was studied on an artificial feeding device. Male and female can mate repeatedly with same partner or different ones. In the situation of male: femal...The mating behavior of cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis (Bouche) was studied on an artificial feeding device. Male and female can mate repeatedly with same partner or different ones. In the situation of male: female ratio of 1:5, each mating lasted an average of 6.6 min, with a mean interval between matings at 2.5 min., compared to 11.1 min and 12.1 min respectively in a cell with 5 males and 1 female. As many as 48 mating events were observed for one male during an 8 h period. One female mated 27 times in 7 h with 5 males in the same cell. Newly emerged males and females can not mate before blood meal and about 24 h blood feeding is required for successful mating. Newly emerged males can not mate with fed females (fed for 48 h), but fed males can mate with newly emerged females who are feeding the blood. Significantly more male contacts and male male mating attempts were observed after the paper treated with female extract was introduced into the cell. The paper contacts and mating attempts were 16.75-32.25 times and 15.75-31.38 times, respectively, on average during a period of 20 min when different doses (FE) of extract were provided.展开更多
文摘The objective of the study was to compare the efficacy of one topical insecticide-acaricide (Frontline Tri-Act?) and of one collar (Seresto?) against fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) and ticks (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) on dogs exposed to bi-weekly water showering. Twenty four (24) dogs were enrolled in the study. A first set of 16 dogs were acclimatised to their cages from Day 1 to 7 and a second set of 8 dogs from Day 163 to Day 169. The 24 dogs were randomly allocated to three groups (1 to 3). Dogs assigned to Group 1 were not treated and served as negative controls. Dogs assigned to Group 2 received the Seresto? collar on Day 0 and dogs in Group 3 received Frontline Tri-Act? on Days 170 and 198. The dogs were observed hourly for four hours after treatment administration for possible adverse reactions. Dogs in Groups 1 and 2 underwent water showering on Days 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, 84, 98, 112, 126, 143 and 157. Dogs in all groups underwent water showering on Days 173, 185, 199 and 213. Dogs were infested with approximately 100 (±4) adult, unfed C. felis fleas only on Days 177, 190, 203, and 217, in alternance with infestations with 50 adult unfed R. sanguineus on Days 182, 196, 210, and 224, to assess sustained efficacy. Fleas and ticks were removed and counted on 24 and 48 hours ± 2 hours after each infestation, respectively. Frontline Tri-Act? was >99% effective against C. felis following an initial and a second monthly administration on dogs that were water showered bi-weekly. The Seresto? collar was from 68.3% to 92.9% effective against C. felis Days 178 to 218 after collar administration. Frontline Tri-Act? was effective from 87.8% to 100% against ticks whereas Seresto collar was effective from 82.2% to 94.2% from Day 184 to Day 226.
文摘The mating behavior of cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis (Bouche) was studied on an artificial feeding device. Male and female can mate repeatedly with same partner or different ones. In the situation of male: female ratio of 1:5, each mating lasted an average of 6.6 min, with a mean interval between matings at 2.5 min., compared to 11.1 min and 12.1 min respectively in a cell with 5 males and 1 female. As many as 48 mating events were observed for one male during an 8 h period. One female mated 27 times in 7 h with 5 males in the same cell. Newly emerged males and females can not mate before blood meal and about 24 h blood feeding is required for successful mating. Newly emerged males can not mate with fed females (fed for 48 h), but fed males can mate with newly emerged females who are feeding the blood. Significantly more male contacts and male male mating attempts were observed after the paper treated with female extract was introduced into the cell. The paper contacts and mating attempts were 16.75-32.25 times and 15.75-31.38 times, respectively, on average during a period of 20 min when different doses (FE) of extract were provided.
