Fine quantitative characterization of high-H2S gas reservoirs under the influence of liquid sulfur deposition and adsorption

In order to clarify the influence of liquid sulfur deposition and adsorption to high-H2S gas reservoirs,three types of natural cores with typical carbonate pore structures were selected for high-temperature and high-pressure core displacement experiments.Fine quantitative characterization of the cores in three steady states(original,after sulfur injection,and after gas flooding)was carried out using the nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)transverse relaxation time spectrum and imaging,X-ray computer tomography(CT)of full-diameter cores,basic physical property testing,and field emission scanning electron microscopy imaging.The loss of pore volume caused by sulfur deposition and adsorption mainly comes from the medium and large pores with sizes bigger than 1000μm.Liquid sulfur has a stronger adsorption and deposition ability in smaller pore spaces,and causes greater damage to reservoirs with poor original pore structures.The pore structure of the three types of carbonate reservoirs shows multiple fractal characteristics.The worse the pore structure,the greater the change of internal pore distribution caused by liquid sulfur deposition and adsorption,and the stronger the heterogeneity.Liquid sulfur deposition and adsorption change the pore size distribution,pore connectivity,and heterogeneity of the rock,which further changes the physical properties of the reservoir.After sulfur injection and gas flooding,the permeability of TypeⅠreservoirs with good physical properties decreased by 16%,and that of TypesⅡandⅢreservoirs with poor physical properties decreased by 90%or more,suggesting an extremely high damage.This indicates that the worse the initial physical properties,the greater the damage of liquid sulfur deposition and adsorption.Liquid sulfur is adsorbed and deposited in different types of pore space in the forms of flocculence,cobweb,or retinitis,causing different changes in the pore structure and physical property of the reservoir.

Study of the reaction mechanism for preparing powdered activated coke with SO_(2)adsorption capability via one-step rapid activation method under flue gas atmosphere

In this study,the impact of different reaction times on the preparation of powdered activated carbon(PAC)using a one-step rapid activation method under flue gas atmosphere is investigated,and the underlying reaction mechanism is summarized.Results indicate that the reaction process of this method can be divided into three stages:stage I is the rapid release of volatiles and the rapid consumption of O_(2),primarily occurring within a reaction time range of 0-0.5 s;stage II is mainly the continuous release and diffusion of volatiles,which is the carbonization and activation coupling reaction stage,and the carbonization process is the main in this stage.This stage mainly occurs at the reaction time range of 0.5 -2.0 s when SL-coal is used as material,and that is 0.5-3.0 s when JJ-coal is used as material;stage III is mainly the activation stage,during which activated components diffuse to both the surface and interior of particles.This stage mainly involves the reaction stage of CO_(2)and H2O(g)activation,and it mainly occurs at the reaction time range of 2.0-4.0 s when SL-coal is used as material,and that is 3.0-4.0 s when JJ-coal is used as material.Besides,the main function of the first two stages is to provide more diffusion channels and contact surfaces/activation sites for the diffusion and activation of the activated components in the third stage.Mastering the reaction mechanism would serve as a crucial reference and foundation for designing the structure,size of the reactor,and optimal positioning of the activator nozzle in PAC preparation.

A functionalized activated carbon adsorbent prepared from waste amidoxime resin by modifying with H_(3)PO_(4) and ZnCl_(2) and its excellent Cr(Ⅵ)adsorption

With the application of resins in various fields, numerous waste resins that are difficult to treat have been produced. The industrial wastewater containing Cr(Ⅵ) has severely polluted soil and groundwater environments, thereby endangering human health. Therefore, in this paper, a novel functionalized mesoporous adsorbent PPR-Z was synthesized from waste amidoxime resin for adsorbing Cr(Ⅵ). The waste amidoxime resin was first modified with H3PO4 and ZnCl_(2), and subsequently, it was carbonized through slow thermal decomposition. The static adsorption of PPR-Z conforms to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm, indicating that the Cr(Ⅵ) adsorption by PPR-Z is mostly chemical adsorption and exhibits single-layer adsorption. The saturated adsorption capacity of the adsorbent for Cr(Ⅵ) could reach 255.86 mg/g. The adsorbent could effectively reduce Cr(Ⅵ) to Cr(Ⅲ) and decrease the toxicity of Cr(Ⅵ) during adsorption. PPR-Z exhibited Cr(Ⅵ) selectivity in electroplating wastewater. The main mechanisms involved in the Cr(Ⅵ) adsorption are the chemical reduction of Cr(Ⅵ) into Cr(Ⅲ) and electrostatic and coordination interactions. Preparation of PPR-Z not only solves the problem of waste resin treatment but also effectively controls Cr(Ⅵ) pollution and realizes the concept of “treating waste with waste”.

功能化氮杂环卡宾聚合树脂对Cu^(2+)的吸附研究

该研究制备了功能化氮杂环卡宾聚合树脂(PNO),旨在去除废水中Cu^(2+);基于静态和动态吸附实验,研究了PNO对废水中Cu^(2+)的吸附效果。结果表明:PNO对Cu^(2+)的最佳吸附条件为吸附剂投加量100 mg、吸附时间30 min、pH值4.0~5.9、温度298 K、转速150 r/min,最大吸附量为51.55 mg/g。PNO对Cu^(2+)的吸附过程符合Langmuir、Freundlich等温吸附模型和准二级动力学模型。动态吸附量随柱高增加、流速降低和进水Cu^(2+)浓度增加而增大。使用Thomas和Bohart-Adams模型拟合,相关系数R^(2)均大于0.92,预测值与实验值相符。经过5次静态吸附-解吸和3次动态循环再生后,PNO对Cu^(2+)的去除率仍达到第一次循环的96%以上,去除效果和再生性能良好。PNO对含铜废水高效处理具有广泛的应用前景。

磁性三乙烯四胺/单宁树脂对Cu^(2+)、Pb^(2+)的吸附性能研究

利用曼尼希反应将三乙烯四胺(TETA)固化到单宁(TA)基体表面,热溶剂法制得磁性单宁基树脂(MTETA-TA)。通过红外光谱、扫描电镜、比表面积及孔隙度分析仪、振动样品磁强计对M-TETA-TA进行表征,表明M-TETA-TA具有疏水性强、比表面积大的优势,Fe_(3)O_(4)的成功引入有效解决吸附剂回收难的问题。对含Cu^(^(2+))、Pb^(2+)废水溶液进行了静态吸附实验,探讨了其对金属的吸附性能。在pH为5的酸性条件下,吸附效果较好;Cu^(^(2+))和Pb^(2+)吸附动力学均符合准二级反应动力学模型,主要为化学吸附;Cu^(^(2+))的吸附等温线符合Langmuir模型,属单层吸附,理论吸附最大值为173.33 mg·g^(-1);Pb^(2+)的吸附等温线符合Sips模型,属多层吸附,理论吸附最大值为217.14 mg·g^(-1)。推测M-TETA-TA对Pb^(2+)的吸附除了螯合、氧化还原等化学反应,还存在静电和离子交换作用,氨基和酚羟基为主要参与官能团。循环再生5次后,仍有较高的吸附性能和磁性强度。

ZIF-8/PEO杂化泡沫对TC和Cu^(2+)吸附研究

以提高金属有机骨架ZIF-8水处理中可回收性为目标,利用聚氧化乙烯PEO作为致孔剂,采用冰模板-冷冻干燥法制备金属有机骨架杂化泡沫ZIF-8/PEO,利用XRD、SEM、TG-DSC和N2吸附-脱附等表征手段,分析ZIF-8/PEO杂化泡沫的理化性能,研究ZIF-8/PEO对四环素TC和铜离子Cu^(2+)吸附性能及吸附机理。试验结果表明:ZIF-8/PEO形成了更加规则的网状结构且具有良好的机械强度和吸附性能。在吸附时间12 h,pH 7,吸附剂投加量40 mg,TC和Cu^(2+)初始浓度均为30 mg/L的最佳条件下,ZIF-8/PEO对TC和Cu^(2+)的吸附容量为107.55 mg/g和107.81 mg/g;等温吸附过程符合Langmuir模型,动力学过程符合拟二级动力学模型,ZIF-8/PEO吸附TC,Cu^(2+)属于自发、放热、趋于有序的过程。在循环吸附7次后,ZIF-8/PEO吸附剂对TC和Cu^(2+)的去除率仍在70%以上。

钠化污泥生物炭复合凹凸棒石对水体中Cu^(2+)的吸附效果研究

含铜废水严重威胁人体健康和环境安全,利用废弃污泥和凹凸棒石制备了钠化污泥生物炭复合凹凸棒石材料,并将其用于含Cu^(2+)废水的处理。利用SEM、XRD及FT-IR对材料的结构和表面性质进行了分析表征,复合材料表面的含氧官能团的络合或C=C键的Π电子作用是吸附重金属的主要机制。研究了复合材料对Cu^(2+)的吸附效果和机理,结果表明,污泥/凹凸棒石质量比2∶1,pH=5,添加量为1.5 g/L,Cu^(2+)初始浓度4 mg/L条件下,材料对Cu^(2+)有最大的吸附容量为3.339 mg/g。吸附过程更好地拟合了准二级动力学模型和Langmuir吸附等温式,表明材料对Cu^(2+)的吸附是单分子层化学吸附。利用响应面分析法预测,pH值为5.04,吸附剂添加量1.16 g/L,Cu^(2+)初始浓度3.60 mg/L是最佳吸附条件。钠化污泥生物炭复合凹凸棒石在实际含铜废水处理中是一种极具潜力的吸附剂。

用于吸附养殖尾水中Cu^(2+)的温度敏感型淀粉基水凝胶制备及性能分析

为了快速移除水产养殖尾水中的铜离子(Cu^(2+)),合成了一种新型温度敏感多糖基水凝胶,以具有结构和性能优势的2-羟基-3-异丙氧基丙基淀粉醚(HIPS)和羧甲基淀粉钠(CMS)为原料,以乙二醇二缩水甘油醚(EDGE)和CaCl 2为交联剂,通过形成共价键和离子键的混合交联方式制备具有温度敏感性能的HIPS/CMS复合凝胶,利用傅里叶转换红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)对复合凝胶的结构和内部形貌进行表征,研究复合凝胶的温度敏感性能,并探究了复合凝胶对水产养殖尾水中Cu^(2+)的吸附效果。结果表明:HIPS/CMS复合凝胶具有优异的温度敏感性能,当温度高于其体积相转变温度(VPTT,34.1℃)时,复合凝胶体积明显收缩,溶胀率从62.1倍下降至33.6倍;HIPS/CMS复合凝胶对水产养殖尾水中Cu^(2+)具有良好的吸附性能,最大吸附量可达25.2 mg/g;复合凝胶对Cu^(2+)吸附过程符合Langmuir吸附模型,属于单分子层化学吸附;利用该复合凝胶的温度敏感性能,可实现HIPS/CMS复合凝胶的回收再利用,并且经5次吸附-解吸循环后吸附量仍可达15.1 mg/g。研究表明,本研究制备的HIPS/CMS复合凝胶对养殖尾水中的Cu^(2+)的去除效果较好且绿色环保,可以重复使用。

Fe^(2+)、Cu^(2+)诱导工艺对柞木表板颜色变化规律的影响

木材中的木质素、抽提物等物质具有能与金属盐溶液产生颜色反应的特性。利用这一特性以硫酸亚铁、硫酸铜溶液作为诱导剂,通过正交试验得到色差最大时的工艺参数,探究金属Fe^(2+)、Cu^(2+)的诱导剂质量分数、诱导时间、干燥时间、干燥温度对实木复合地板柞木表板颜色变化的影响。结果表明:Fe^(2+)、Cu^(2+)的诱导剂质量分数对柞木表板色彩色调的影响极为显著(F值分别为20.4453、8.8442);柞木表板的明度色品指数(L^(*))、红绿轴色品指数(a^(*))、黄蓝轴色品指数(b^(*))均随着Fe^(2+)、Cu^(2+)的诱导剂质量分数、诱导时间、干燥时间的增加而逐渐减少,总色差(ΔE^(*))逐渐增大,最大为31.53、9.90,表板色调逐渐偏暗、偏绿、偏蓝;随着干燥温度的增加,Fe^(2+)、Cu^(2+)诱导时的柞木表板总色差都逐渐减小。

UiO-66-NH_(2)的改性及其吸附Cu^(2+)性能

通过溶剂热法合成了锆基金属有机框架材料中的UiO-66-NH_(2),用多巴胺(DA)对其进行后合成改性,制备了UiO-66-NH_(2)/PDA复合材料,用于去除重金属Cu^(2+)。探究了pH、初始ρ(Cu^(2+))、接触时间和温度对吸附过程的影响,结果表明,Cu^(2+)的吸附动力学和等温线数据分别符合准二级和Langmuir模型,吸附过程为自发吸热反应;初始ρ(Cu^(2+))=50 mg/L,pH=5.5,t<30 min,Cu^(2+)去除率为93%。

不同质量浓度Cu^(2+)和Ag^(+)对大麦成熟胚组培特性的影响

【目的】探究不同质量浓度Cu^(2+)和Ag^(+)对大麦成熟胚组培特性的影响。【方法】以Bowman、北青7号和光头大麦的成熟胚为材料,研究不同质量浓度Cu^(2+)和Ag^(+)对大麦成熟胚愈伤诱导率、长根率、长芽率、褐化率、绿化率、再分化率和愈伤湿质量的影响。【结果】Bowman、北青7号和光头大麦成熟胚的7种组培特性间存在不同程度差异。与对照相比,0.75 mg/L Cu^(2+)可减少10.43%的成熟胚长根、7.48%的成熟胚长芽、8.24%的愈伤组织褐化、20.74 mg的愈伤湿质量;4.00 mg/L Ag^(+)可提高6.47%的愈伤组织诱导率,可减少9.08%的成熟胚长根、7.96%的成熟胚长芽和9.67%的愈伤褐化;0.75 mg/L Cu^(2+)和4.00 mg/L Ag^(+)对愈伤细胞转绿、愈伤增殖和再分化均无抑制。【结论】适宜质量浓度的Cu^(2+)和Ag^(+)可有效抑制大麦成熟胚长根、长芽和愈伤组织褐化,Ag+还可有效提高愈伤诱导率;在基于MS培养基的大麦成熟胚愈伤组织诱导和再分化培养中,Cu^(2+)和Ag^(+)的适宜质量浓度分别为0.75和4.00 mg/L。研究结果可为构建大麦成熟胚的愈伤诱导及其再分化技术体系提供理论支持。

Adsorption of Cu^(2+) from aqueous solution by modified biomass material

Cu2+ adsorption from simulated aqueous solution was investigated using a modified spent shiitake substrate (MSSS). The results showed that the MSSS has a high adsorption efficiency and removal performance. The Cu2+removal rate of the MSSS reached above 95%. Compared with spent shiitake substrate (SSS), the specific surface area, electronegativity and surface functional groups of the MSSS were all improved, resulting in a high adsorption capacity. The Cu2+ adsorption of MSSS reached equilibrium after 0.75 h and was an exothermic reaction. The SEM and EDS analyses of the MSSS before and after Cu2+ adsorption showed that the pores on the surface of the MSSS were occupied after adsorption and the Cu content increased but the Na content decreased.

Cu^(2+)污染原状黄土的物化及结构特性

为制定环境保护和土壤污染防治和修复策略,以及为污染场地工程建设提供理论支撑,该文研究了Cu^(2+)对原状黄土物化特性及结构特性的影响。通过制备不同掺量的Cu^(2+)污染黄土试样,进行了粒径分布、CaCO_(3)含量和pH值的测定。利用扫描电镜和激光粒度仪获得试样的SEM图像和粉粒各粒径含量,并借助分形理论深入分析了Cu^(2+)对原状黄土微观结构的影响机理。对Cu^(2+)污染的原状黄土试样进行了压缩试验,并对试样的综合结构势进行了分析。结果表明,随着Cu^(2+)掺量的增大,黏粒含量表现为先增后减,再增再减的趋势,粉粒含量则表现为先减后增,再减再增,砂粒含量保持不变;CaCO_(3)的含量呈线性减小;pH值先迅速减小,后保持不变;污染黄土试样的综合结构势先增大后减小,之后再增大再减小。总体而言,重金属Cu^(2+)的掺入,导致土壤pH值降低,主要胶结物质碳酸钙被溶解,而又因黏粒之间的静电引力和范德华力,黏粒聚集体的形态和成分发生变化,从而影响了土体的密实度和结构强度。

两种磁性生物炭耦合Diaphorobacter sp.DFA4去除2,4-DFA和Cu^(2+)的特性

以橘子皮为原料,氯化铁、镍锰铁氧体为磁性介质,制备了氯化铁和镍锰铁氧体改性生物炭(分别记为FBC和MBC),重点考察FBC和MBC介导Diaphorobacter sp.DFA4耦合体系去除2,4-二氟苯胺(2,4-DFA)和Cu^(2+)的特性。结果表明:在0.5~2.0 g/L FBC/MBC的介导作用下,Diaphorobacter sp.DFA4对2,4-DFA和Cu^(2+)的去除效果明显提升。当2,4-DFA初始质量浓度为100~900 mg/L时,相比纯菌Diaphorobacter sp.DFA4培养体系,FBC和MBC介导耦合体系对2,4-DFA的降解强化倍数分别为2.24~4.04倍和1.96~4.71倍,Cu^(2+)去除率则分别由59.70%~69.95%提升至88.57%~93.20%和82.12%~88.20%。当pH为6.0~8.0时,较纯菌Diaphorobacter sp.DFA4培养体系,MBC、FBC介导耦合体系对2,4-DFA的去除率分别提高了15.35%~36.32%和22.43%~37.42%,对Cu^(2+)的去除率则分别提高了37.63%~42.34%和43.61%~47.83%;当盐度由0提高至4%时,两个耦合体系对2,4-DFA的去除率基本保持在85%及以上,而纯菌Diaphorobacter sp.DFA4培养体系对2,4-DFA的去除率则由77.98%降至55.19%。机理分析发现,耦合体系可诱导分泌更多的腐殖酸,且在偏碱条件下,FBC更有利于促使腐殖酸的分泌。

粉煤灰基P型沸石吸附水中Cu^(2+)和Cd^(2+)

以粉煤灰(FA)为原料经水热反应合成了P型沸石(Z-P).采用X射线荧光光谱仪、X射线衍射仪、场发射环境扫描电子显微镜、比表面孔径分析仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪和X射线光电子能谱对Z-P进行表征,并研究了其对Cu^(2+)和Cd^(2+)的吸附性能.结果表明,Z-P的BET比表面积和孔隙体积分别为38.46m^(2)/g和0.2180cm^(3)/g,均高于FA的1.273m^(2)/g和0.0120cm^(3)/g.FA、Z-P对Cu^(2+)和Cd^(2+)的吸附更符合拟二级动力学模型和Langmuir等温线模型.Z-P对Cu^(2+)和Cd^(2+)的最大吸附量分别为157.48,131.57mg/g,远高于于FA的30.88,25.47mg/g.Z-P对Cd^(2+)的循环再生吸附效果好,但对Cu^(2+)的循环再生吸附效果较差.离子强度对Z-P吸附Cu^(2+)和Cd^(2+)分别起促进和抑制作用.表明Z-P可以作为有效且廉价的Cu^(2+)、Cd^(2+)吸附剂,为FA的资源化利用和含Cu^(2+)、Cd^(2+)重金属离子废水吸附剂的开发提供了一种方法.

纳米SiO_(2)粒子表面接枝共聚合物微球的制备及其吸附Cu^(2+)性能

采用KH570对纳米SiO_(2)进行改性,将其作为Pickering乳液的稳定剂;利用反相(Pickering)乳液聚合法制备SiO_(2)@丙烯酰胺(AM)-丙烯酸(AA)共聚物复合微球,并对改性前后纳米SiO_(2)以及复合微球的结构、形貌及质量损失进行了表征;探究pH值、温度和单体比例对复合微球吸附Cu^(2+)效果影响,并对吸附过程进行动力学和吸附等温线拟合。结果表明,改性后的纳米SiO_(2)亲油性增强,提高稳定乳液的能力;Cu^(2+)吸附实验表明,复合微球吸附的最佳pH值为6,且吸附量随着AA用量增加而增大;复合微球吸附Cu^(2+)的过程符合准二级动力学模型和Langmuir模型。

5-磷酸吡哆醛缩合罗丹明B席夫碱合成及对Cu^(2+)的识别研究

合成了吡哆醛-5-磷酸罗丹明B席夫碱.通过紫外-可见光光谱法研究了该化合物对Cu^(2+)的识别能力:在丙酮-水(体积比1∶1)混合体系中,加入Cu^(2+)后,在526 nm处出现了一个新的吸收峰,并且随着Cu^(2+)的加入,吸收强度逐渐增强.在(0.25~10)×10^(-6) mol/L的浓度范围内,检测结果呈现出良好的线性关系(R^(2)=0.9993),检测限为2.30×10^(-7) mol/L.

Insights into carbon dioxide sequestration into coal seams through coupled gas flow-adsorption-deformation modelling

Injecting carbon dioxide(CO_(2))into coal seams may unlock substantial carbon sequestration potential.Since the coal acts like a carbon filter,it can preferentially absorb significant amounts of CO_(2).To explore this further,desorption of the adsorbed gas due to pressure drop is investigated in this paper,to achieve an improved understanding of the long-term fate of injected CO_(2) during post-injection period.This paper presents a dual porosity model coupling gas flow,adsorption and geomechanics for studying coupled processes and effectiveness of CO_(2) sequestration in coals.A new adsorption?desorption model derived based on thermodynamics is incorporated,particularly,the desorption hysteresis is considered.The reliability of the proposed adsorption-desorption isotherm is examined via validation tests.It is indicated that occurrence of desorption hysteresis is attributed to the adsorption-induced pore deformation.After injection ceases,the injected gas continues to propagate further from the injection well,while the pressure in the vicinity of the injection well experiences a significant drop.Although the adsorbed gas near the well also decreases,this decrease is less compared to that in pressure because of desorption hysteresis.The unceasing spread of CO_(2) and drops of pressure and adsorbed gas depend on the degree of desorption hysteresis and heterogeneity of coals,which should be considered when designing CO_(2) sequestration into coal seams.

苔草溶解性有机质对土壤吸附Cu^(2+)影响研究

该文以苔草为研究对象,利用红外光谱、紫外吸收光谱、三维荧光光谱分析了苔草溶解性有机质(DOM)的光谱特性,通过等温吸附平衡试验和吸附动力学试验研究了苔草DOM对土壤吸附Cu^(2+)的影响,分析了苔草DOM与Cu^(2+)反应前后成分变化。研究表明,苔草DOM具有羟基、羧基、羰基、甲基等官能团,由富里酸、类富里酸、类腐殖酸和类色氨酸4种组分组成,以相对分子质量较大的胡敏酸为主。加入苔草DOM会降低土壤对Cu^(2+)的最大吸附量、吸附平衡速率以及吸附亲和力。苔草DOM中的紫外区类富里酸物质和类腐殖酸物质可以通过羧基、羟基等官能团与Cu^(2+)产生络合作用,反应过后苔草DOM不饱和共轭双键结构数量、腐殖化水平、芳香环上取代基中的羰基、羧基、羟基和酯类含量均显著下降。研究结果可为苔草DOM的组成和结构提供基础数据,同时为解决DOM对重金属活性影响争议提供科学依据。

Double plasma molecular adsorption system for Stevens–Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis:A case report

BACKGROUND Stevens–Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis(SJS/TEN)are very serious skin allergies,with an etiology related to infections and medication.Since the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 has also been considered to cause SJS/TEN.CASE SUMMARY We report the case of a woman in her thirties who took acetaminophen after contracting COVID-19.After 3 d of fever relief,she experienced high fever and presented with SJS/TEN symptoms,accompanied by intrahepatic cholestasis.Three days of corticosteroid treatment did not alleviate the skin damage;therefore,double plasma molecular adsorption system(DPMAS)therapy was initiated,with treatment intervals of 48 h.Her skin symptoms improved gradually and were resolved after seven DPMAS treatments.CONCLUSION DPMAS therapy is beneficial for abrogating SJS/TEN because plasma adsorption and perfusion techniques reduce the inflammatory mediators(e.g.,tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-10 and-12)speculated to be involved in the pathology of the skin conditions.