Enhanced ionic conductivity in a novel composite electrolyte based on Gd-doped SnO_(2) nanotubes for ultra-long-life all-solid-state lithium metal batteries

All-solid-state electrolytes are exceedingly attractive because of the outstanding inherent safety and energy density compared to liquid electrolytes.Whereas,it is still formidable to simultaneously design solid electrolytes with favorable electrode/electrolyte interface compatibility and high ionic conductivity in a simple and scalable manner.Hence,the oxygen-vacancy-rich Gd-doped SnO_(2) nanotubes(GDS NTs)are innovatively prepared and applied to the electrolyte of all-solid-state lithium metal batteries for the first time.The addition of GDS NTs can validly construct long-range co ntinuous ion transport networks in the poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO)-based system and greatly improve the mechanical properties of the electrolyte.Compared to the PEO-based electrolyte,the composite electrolyte displays a higher lithium ion conductivity of 2.41×10^(-4) S cm^(-1) at 30℃,a higher lithium ion transference number up to 0.62 and a wider electrochemical window of 5 V at 50℃.In addition,the composite electrolyte manifests outstanding compatibility with high-voltage LiNi_(0.8)Mn_(0.1)Co_(0.1)O_(2)(NMC811)cathode,LiFePO4 cathode and lithium metal anode.The assembled Li/Li symmetric battery exhibits stable Li plating/stripping cycling performance,which can cycle steadily for 1500 h at a capacity of 0.3 mA h cm^(-2).And Li/LiFePO4 battery still maintains a high capacity of 131.54 mA h g^(-1) at 0.5C after 800 cycles,which has a superior capacity retention rate of 93.2%.The obtained novel composite electrolyte has promising application prospects in the field of all-solid-state lithium metal cells.

Complex Impedance Spectra Analysis of SnO_2-glaze Composites

SnO2-glaze composites were prepared by Sb-doped SnO2 and SiO2-CaO-Al2O3-B2O3 glaze. The composites changed from an electrical insulator to a conductor as the SnO2 content increased from Owt% to 90 wt% . The complex impedance spectra of the fabricated composites were investigated in the frequency range of 100Hz-40 MHz and three kinds of typical shape of complex impedance spectra were recorded and analyzed. The ,spectrum is quite close to the model of conduction via nonohmic contactiug when the SnO2 content is relatively low, In high loading region, the spectrum shows the conduction pattern through ohmic contact chains . In the moderate loading region, the model is a mixture of the above two models. Equivalent circuit of the composite changes from resistor-capacitor circuit to resistor-inductor circuit as the content of SnO2 increases.

Preparation and characterization of SnO_2-Li_4Ti_5O_(12) composite by sol-gel technique

SnO2-Li4Ti5O12 was prepared by sol-gel method using tin tetrachloride,lithium acetate,tetrabutylorthotitanate and aqueous ammonia as starting materials.The composite was characterized by thermogravimertric(TG)analysis and differential thermal analysis(DTA),X-ray diffractometry(XRD)and transmission electron microscopy(TEM)combined with electrochemical tests.The results show that SnO2-Li4Ti5O12 composite derived by sol-gel technique is a nanocomposite with core-shell structure, and the amorphous Li4Ti5O12 layer with 20?40 nm in thickness is coated on the surface of SnO2 particles.Electrochemical tests show that SnO2-Li4Ti5O12 composite delivers a reversible capacity of 688.7 mA·h/g at 0.1C and 93.4%of that is retained after 60 cycles at 0.2C.The amorphous Li4Ti5O12 in composite can accommodate the volume change of SnO2 electrode and prevent the small and active Sn particles from aggregating into larger and inactive Sn clusters during the cycling effectively,and enhance the cycling stability of SnO2 electrode significantly.

Preparation and electrocatalytic property of Au-Pt/SnO_2/GC composite electrode

Au-Pt/SnO2/GC composite electrode was prepared by self-assembling Au-Pt nanoparticles on SnO2 film, which was deposited on actived glassy carbon （GC）. Atomic force microscopy （AFM） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM） images revealed that dense and uniform Au-Pt particles with 25-nm diameter were dispersed on SnO2 film. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） results proved that there was an interaction between Au-Pt nanoparticles and SnO2 support. Electrochemical experiments showed that Au-Pt/SnOz/GC composite electrode had a good electrocatalytic activity to the oxidation of methanol

Tensile Properties of an Aluminum Matrix Composite Reinforced by SnO_2-coated Al_(18)B_4O_(33) Whisker

Al18B4O33 whisker was coated by SnO2 particles using a chemical precipitation method, and an aluminum matrix composite reinforced by the coated whisker was fabricated by squeeze casting technique. It is found that the SnO2 coating can react with aluminum matrix during squeeze casting process, and Sn particles are induced near the interface between Al18B4O33 whisker and matrix. The tensile test at room temperature indicated that the tensile strength of Al18B4O33 whisker reinforced aluminum matrix composite can be enhanced by suitable content of SnO2 coating. The composites with various whisker coating contents exhibit maximum tensile plasticity at about 300 ℃, and the composite with a suitable whisker coating content could enhance its tensile plasticity evidently, which suggest that an Al18B4O33 whisker-Al composite with both high strength at room temperature and high formability at elevated temperature can be designed.

Composite Electrode SnO_2/TiO_2 for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Composite nanoporous electrode SnO2/TiO2 was fabricated for the dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) with N3 (Cis-Ru). After introducing of TiO2, the open-circuit photovoltage (Voc) was higher than that of the pure SnO2 electrode, while short-circuit photocurrent (Isc) was varied with the ratio of the TiO2. Appropriate content of the TiO2 can be beneficial to the efficiency of the solar cell, and it gives negative impact on the composite electrode when the content of TiO2 is higher.

Preparation and Characterization of Tetracomponent ZnO/SiO₂/SnO₂/TiO₂Composite Nanofibers by Electrospinning

[Zn(CH3COO)2 + PVP]/[C2H5O)4Si + PVP]/[SnCl4 + PVP]/[Ti(OC4H9)4 + CH3COOH + PVP] precursor composite fibers have been fabricated through self-made electrospinning equipment via electrospinning tech-nique. ZnO/SiO2/SnO2/TiO2 composite nanofibers were obtained by calcination of the relevant precursor composite fibers. The samples were characterized by thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). TG-DTA analysis reveals that solvents, organic compounds and inorganic in the precursor composite fibers are decomposed and volatilized totally, and the mass of the samples kept constant when sintering temperature was above 900?C, and the total mass loss percentage is 88%. XRD results show that the precursor composite fibers are amorphous in structure, and pure phase ZnO/SiO2/SnO2/TiO2 com-posite nanofibers are obtained by calcination of the relevant precursor composite fibers. FTIR analysis manifests that pure inorganic oxides are formed. SEM analysis indicates that the width of the precursor composite fibers is ca. 1.485 ± 0.043 μm. The width of the ZnO/SiO2/SnO2/TiO2 composite nanofibers is ca. 1145.098 ± 68.093 nm.

SnO/Nd_(2)O_(3)复合材料的制备及可见光催化性能

通过超声反应制备了SnO/Nd_(2)O_(3)复合材料,评估了复合材料在可见光下降解甲基橙的光降解性能。结果表明,Nd_(2)O_(3)能很好地与SnO复合。SnO/Nd_(2)O_(3)复合材料在可见光区的吸收比SnO样品强。其中,SnO/2%Nd_(2)O_(3)复合材料表现出最高的光催化性能,在60 min内可以降解99.6%的甲基橙。

Cu^2+离子掺杂SnO2固溶体催化剂的晶格容量效应:NH3选择性还原NOx反应性能提高的本质原因

NOx排放给人类健康和环境带来了严重的危害,目前已发展了多种消除其污染的方法.其中氨选择性催化还原(NH3-SCR)技术是固定源和移动源柴油机排放NOx的有效消除方法之一.非贵金属氧化物催化剂由于廉价、且原料来源丰富,用于NH3-SCR反应在过去几十年一直备受人们关注.由于晶格畸变和不等价取代等原因,与单组分氧化物催化剂相比,替代型金属氧化物固溶体催化剂通常具有更优异的物理化学性能.其中典型的例子是已被广泛用作汽车尾气净化转化器储氧材料的铈锆固溶体.与纯CeO2相比, Zr^4+离子溶入立方萤石CeO2晶格形成固溶体结构后,显著提高了其稳定性和储氧能力.近八年来,我们以四方金红石型SnO2为溶剂,系统地研究了系列金属阳离子在其晶格中的溶解行为,并考察了其催化反应性能.为深入理解固溶体催化剂的结构与反应性能之间的关系,我们首次创建了简单易行的XRD外推法定量金属氧化物固溶体中溶质阳离子的晶格容量.结果表明,其它离子掺杂形成SnO2基固溶体可显著增加其表面缺位氧和Lewis酸性位点的数量,且可使缺位氧在较高温度下保持稳定,显著提高了所得催化剂的反应性能.另外我们还发现,当溶质离子含量为晶格容量时可得到最大量的纯相固溶体,此时催化剂通常具有最优的性能,具有明显的阈值效应.很多研究表明,含CuO的一些催化材料通常对NOx选择还原具有良好的低温活性和选择性,但把Cu^2+离子溶入SnO2晶格构建固溶体催化剂用于NH3-SCR反应迄今未见报道.因此,为获得性能优良的催化剂,本文采用共沉淀法制备了系列不同Cu^2+离子含量的Sn-Cu复合氧化物固溶体催化剂,并采用XRD外推法测定了Cu^2+离子在SnO2中的晶格容量,为0.10 g CuO/gSnO2,相当于Sn/Cu摩尔比为84/16.Raman结果表明, Cu^2+离子含量低于晶格容量时,随其含量增加,表面氧缺位数量增加,且在晶格容量时达到最大.H2-TPR, O2-TPD和NH3-TPD结果表明,随着Cu^2+离子含量增加,催化剂表面活性氧物种和表面酸中心的数量均增加;在Cu^2+离子含量接近晶格容量时,催化剂中形成最大量的纯固溶体相,上述活性中心均可达到最大量.此时,催化剂具有最佳的NH3-SCR反应性能.因此, Cu^2+离子溶入SnO2晶格形成固溶体催化剂,在结构和反应性能上均具有明显的晶格容量阈值效应.通过将Cu^2+离子含量调控在晶格容量,可获得反应性能最好的Sn-Cu复合氧化物固溶体催化剂.

Cu^2+/SnO2复合纳米光催化剂的制备及其对海洋柴油污染物的降解

采用化学沉淀法成功制备了Cu^2+/SnO2复合纳米光催化剂,采用XRD、SEM等测试手段对复合纳米光催化剂的粒径、形态等进行表征。在紫外光条件下,分别改变催化剂掺杂比、催化剂煅烧温度、催化剂投加量、柴油初始含量和光照时间等单因素,探究不同条件对Cu^2+/SnO2复合纳米光催化剂降解海洋柴油污染物的影响。结果表明,自制复合纳米光催化剂可以有效降解海水中的柴油污染物,在紫外光作用下,于400℃下煅烧Cu/Sn掺杂比为0.03的Cu^2+/SnO2复合纳米光催化剂、投加量为0.2 g/dm^3、柴油初始含量为0.15 g/dm^3、H2O2溶液含量为0.2 g/dm^3、溶液的pH为7、光照时间3 h时效果最好,海水中柴油的去除率最高,达到86.98%。Cu^2+/SnO2复合纳米光催化剂用聚丙烯纳米球负载后可以实际应用于海洋中,便于回收。

SnO_2的复合方式对TiO_2晶型转变的影响

TiO 2 nanoparticles were obtained from industrial TiOSO 4 by hydrolysis method. SnO 2/TiO 2 and SnO 2-TiO 2 composite powders were prepared by stepwise precipitation method and coating method, respectively. The phase transformation of TiO 2 and the effect of composite mode of SnO 2 on phase transformation of TiO 2 have been investigated by TG-DTA and XRD. The phase transform of pure TiO 2 from anatase to rutile begins at 750 ℃ and the presence of SnO 2 markedly reduces the transform temperature: for coated SnO 2-TiO 2 composite with ω(SnO 2)=20% it was 400 ℃. The SnO 2/TiO 2 composite prepared by precipitation method and followed by calcination at 400 ℃ for 30 min possesses 55% rutile TiO 2. The formation of SnO 2-TiO 2 solid- solution occurrs mainly due to the substitution of Ti 4+ crystal lattice sites by Sn 4+ ions of SnO 2.

SnO_2-SnS_2复合纳米粒子的制备及光电性质研究

采用离子交换法制备了ＳｎＯ２－ＳｎＳ２复合纳米粒子．用ＸＲＤ、ＴＥＭ和Ｘ－ＥＤＡＳ测定了样品的组成、结构、形貌和尺寸，结果表明，样品为ＳｎＳ２部分包覆ＳｎＯ２的球形复合纳米粒子，其平均粒径为５ｎｍ．研究了该复合纳米粒子的紫外－可见漫反射光谱和光电化学性质，观察到ＳｎＯ２－ＳｎＳ２复合纳米粒子的光吸收比ＳｎＯ２的明显向长波区扩展；

复合纳米粒子SnO_2/CdS的制备及性能研究

由湿化学方法制备了包覆型SnO2 /CdS复合纳米粒子 .用ICP、XRD及TEM测定了样品的组成和平均晶粒尺寸 ,并通过HRTEM直接观察到样品的包覆结构 .与纯SnO2 纳米粒子相比较 ,SnO2 /CdS复合纳米粒子在波长为 36 0 - 5 80nm范围内有更强的吸收 ;由该复合纳米粒子制得的电极呈现出良好的光电转换特性 ,其最大IPCE值达 40 .9% ,远大于纯SnO2 纳米电极的IPCE( 0 .6 5 % ) ,而且光响应范围也从纯SnO2 的 30 0 - 4 0 0nm拓展到 30 0 - 5 5 0nm .

Microstructure and properties of Ag/SnO2 functional material manufactured by selective laser melting

Ag/SnO2,as a promising and environment-friendly electrical contact material,is widely applied in low-voltage apparatus.But the properties of Ag/SnO2 composites is difficult to improve due to the poor distribution phases and difficult component design.In this work,the Ag/SnO2 composites are prepared by selective laser melting.To get better performance,Ag/SnO2 composites with different energy density were studied.The microstructure was observed by field emission scanning electron microscope.In addition,reinforced SnO2 phase was characterized by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope.The results indicated that the microstructure,relative density and hardness of are influenced by energy density,while Ag/SnO2 composites with homogeneous microstructure,high relative density,higher hardness and lower electrical resistivity can be obtained by proper energy density(E?68 J/mm^3).

CuO-SnO2花状结构复合材料的制备及气敏特性研究

采用简单的一步水热合成路线制备了CuO-SnO 2花状结构复合材料,通过SEM,XRD,XPS对相应的微观结构进行了分析表征。结果显示:所制备的花状结构由形状、大小相似的纳米片组装而成,直径为2~5μm,CuO的含量对SnO 2花状结构没有影响。将制得的花状结构复合材料构筑旁热式气敏元件,并采用静态配气法测试了气敏元件对三甲胺气体的敏感特性。结果表明:相比于纯SnO 2元件,CuO-SnO 2元件对三甲胺气体表现出灵敏度高、检测下限低、选择性好、响应和恢复迅速等优点,其气敏性能的提高归因于SnO 2与CuO接触面p-n异质结的构筑及CuO的催化特性。

三维SnO2/C/rGO复合纤维膜电极制备及储锂性能

三维(3D)纳米纤维复合膜电极结构设计,避免了电极片制备过程中导电剂、黏结剂的添加,增强了电解液的浸润能力,对改善锂离子电池容量及倍率性能具有重要的价值和意义.采用同步静电纺丝和静电喷雾技术,结合氩气煅烧技术,制备了3D网络结构SnO2/C/rGO复合纤维薄膜电极.这种由一维(1D)SnO2/C纳米线组合二维(2D)石墨片构成3D纳米复合纤维薄膜电极,一方面通过碳纤维连续包覆SnO2颗粒,有利于缓解SnO2充放电过程中剧烈的体积变化,增强其稳定性;另一方面通过碳纤维与二维石墨烯复合构成3D网络结构,有利于改善纤维膜电极的导电性,进而提高其倍率性能.研究表明,制备的SnO2/C/rGO复合纤维膜电极展示了其优良的放电容量、倍率性能及循环稳定性.于电流密度为0.4、0.8、1.6、2.4和4A·g^-1时,10次循环后放电容量分别达到797、659、626、534和468mAh·g^-1,且当电流密度回落至0.4A·g^-1时放电容量可恢复到709mAh·g^-1;4A·g^-1充放电540次电极容量仍可达457mAh·g^-1,库伦效率接近100%.

Preparation and gas-sensing performance of SnO2/NiO composite oxide synthesized by microwave-assisted liquid phase deposition

We synthesized SnO2/NiO composite oxides by microwave-assisted liquid phase deposition to improve their surface physico-chemical properties and gas-sensing selectivity,and we investigated how the molar ratio of Ni^2+to Sn^4+and the microwave power affected their gas-sensing performance.The microstructure,surface physico-chemical states,and morphology of the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,and scanning electron microscopy,respectively.Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms were used to characterize the specific surface areas of the samples.Our results showed that microwave-assisted liquid phase deposition increased the surface-adsorbed oxygen content and the specific surface area of the SnO2/NiO composite oxide from about 22to 120m2/g.When the molar ratio of Ni^2+to Sn^4+was 0.1,the gas response to 1000ppm ethanol gas reached 84.7at a lower working voltage of 3.5V.However,the optimum working voltages for methanol and acetone gas were 4.5and 4.0V,respectively.Thus,a new method was found to improve the selectivity of the gas sensor.Moreover,at a working voltage of 4.0V,the gas response of a SnO2/NiO gas sensor synthesized by microwave-assisted liquid phase deposition with the optimum radiation power of 450W to 1000ppm acetone gas was 49.7,twice that of a sensor synthesized by traditional liquid phase deposition.

Effects of Cu^2＋ Counter Ions on the Actuation Performance of Flexible Ionic Polymer Metal Composite Actuators

The resistance of Ionic Polymer Metal Composite （IPMC） electrodes plays an important role in the actuation performance of IPMC actuators. Owing to crack formation on the surface of platinum electrode, the surface resistance of the electrode increases, which greatly limits its actuating performance. In this paper, we proposed a new method of dynamic self-repair electrodes by ex- changing Cu2＋ into the IPMC basement membrane. IPMC actuators with Cu2＋ were prepared and the actuation performance in the air was subsequently measured. Compared with conventional IPMC actuators containing Li＋ counter ions, those containing Cu2＋ counter ions exhibited 2 times - 3 times larger displacement and 2 times -3 times bigger blocking force. In the morphology observation, we found that many small copper particles scattered in the middle of cracks after several bending cycles, which leads to an obvious decrease in electrode resistance. In the Cyclic Voltammetry （CV） scan measurement, we observed that the oxidation reaction of copper alternates with reduction reaction of copper ions with the change of voltage polarity, which was a dynamic process. Based on these analyses, it is concluded that the presence of Cu2＋ can repair the damaged electrodes and induce lower electrode resistance, thus leading to the performance improvement of actuation.

SnO_2/Fe_2O_3 纳米复合粉的制备与表征

用共沉淀法制备了ＳｎＯ２／ＦｅＯ３ 纳米复合粉体，用Ｘ 射线衍射（ＸＲＤ） 、Ｍｓｓｂａｕｅｒ 谱研究了它的物相、晶粒度及变化过程。结果表明，煅烧温度在７００ ℃以下时，它可能是以四方ＳｎＯ２ 纳米晶为主体（ 其平均粒径为３－０ｎｍ） ，α－ Ｆｅ２Ｏ３ 纳米晶包裹在ＳｎＯ２ 晶界的复合相，其中α－ Ｆｅ２Ｏ３ 结晶很不充分，５４－７ ％ 聚集于晶界。这种复合相的结构阻碍了ＳｎＯ２ 晶粒的长大，有利于煅烧后保持纳米晶结构。

机械合金化工艺对银基陶瓷颗粒复合材料的作用

利用机械合金化工艺 (MA)制备Ag -SnO2 金属基陶瓷颗粒复合材料。MA工艺对陶瓷粒度、颗粒分布、力学性能等均有影响。通过工艺调整 ,可以制备出粒度不同、颗粒分布不同、组织均匀性不同、以及性能各异的MMC材料。同时 ,研究了MA工艺的作用机理 ,第一阶段以颗粒破碎为主 ,第二阶段以颗粒分布均匀为主。MMC材料性能除与颗粒的粒度、体积有关外 。