使用AAS法和ICP-AES法,测定玉米不同生育期土壤中各形态和玉米中各部位铜含量,探究炭基有机肥与木醋液对污灌区土壤中铜形态的转化及玉米对铜吸收、富集、转移的影响。结果表明,不同用量炭基有机肥配施菌糠木醋液后提高了土壤中pH值,铜...使用AAS法和ICP-AES法,测定玉米不同生育期土壤中各形态和玉米中各部位铜含量,探究炭基有机肥与木醋液对污灌区土壤中铜形态的转化及玉米对铜吸收、富集、转移的影响。结果表明,不同用量炭基有机肥配施菌糠木醋液后提高了土壤中pH值,铜各种形态的含量和比例发生了变化,促进了可交换态、铁锰氧化态和有机结合态向碳酸盐结合态和残渣态的转化,与对照相比,100 g炭基有机肥(CF)和100 g CF+木醋液处理的可交换态铜含量分别显著下降了18.78%,25.11%,残渣态含量分别显著增加了46.04%,47.97%。随着炭基有机肥施用量的增加,玉米地上部(茎、叶、穗)铜的含量下降,地下部上升;配施菌糠木醋液后降低了各部位铜的含量。各处理对各部位富集系数与对各部位铜含量影响一致,300 g CF和300 g CF+木醋液处理的转移系数分别降低了26.79%,35.17%,很好地抑制了Cu从根部向地上部的转移。施用适量炭基有机肥可以有效降低土壤中可交换态铜的含量及铜的生物有效性,配施木醋液后效果更好,因此,炭基有机肥配施菌糠木醋液可作为铜污染土壤的优质改良剂。展开更多
The exposure of Al-5Cu alloy to an external stress with normal aging was carried out. The effects of external stress-aging on the morphology and precipitation behavior of θ＂ phase were investigated by transmission e...The exposure of Al-5Cu alloy to an external stress with normal aging was carried out. The effects of external stress-aging on the morphology and precipitation behavior of θ＂ phase were investigated by transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） and first principle calculation. The size of the θ＂ phase precipitated plates in stress-aging （453 K, 6 h, 50 MPa） is 19.83 nm, which is smaller than that of those present （28.79 nm） in stress-flee aging （453 K, 6 h）. The precipitation process of θ＂ phase is accelerated by loading external stress aging according to the analysis of DSC results. The apparent activation energy for the external stress-aging is 10% lower than the stress-free one. The first principle calculation results show that the external stress makes a decrease of 6% in the interface energy. The effects of the stress on aging process of the alloy are discussed on the basis of the classical theory. The external stress changes the morphology and precipitation behavior of θ＂ phase because the critical nucleation energy is decreased by 19% under stress aging.展开更多
In order to study the hot fractures in relation to the semi-solid processing, the tensile tests of an extruded 7075 aluminum alloy which is based on Al?Zn?Mg?Cu system were carried out in the high temperature solid an...In order to study the hot fractures in relation to the semi-solid processing, the tensile tests of an extruded 7075 aluminum alloy which is based on Al?Zn?Mg?Cu system were carried out in the high temperature solid and semi-solid states at different strain rates. The results show that the tensile behavior can be divided into three regimes with increasing the liquid fraction. The alloy first behaves in a ductile character, and as the temperature increases, the fracture mechanism changes from ductile to brittle which is determined by both of liquid and solid, and lastly the fracture mechanism is brittle which is totally dominated by liquid. At strain rates of 1×10?4, 1×10?3 and 1×10?2 s?1, the brittle temperature ranges are 515?526, 519?550 and 540?580 °C, respectively. Two equations which are critical for tensile behavior are proposed.展开更多
The high-temperature deformation behavior of Cu-Ni-Si-P alloy was investigated by using the hot compression test in the temperature range of 600-800 ℃ and strain rate of 0.01-5 s-1. The hot deformation activation ene...The high-temperature deformation behavior of Cu-Ni-Si-P alloy was investigated by using the hot compression test in the temperature range of 600-800 ℃ and strain rate of 0.01-5 s-1. The hot deformation activation energy, Q, was calculated and the hot compression constitutive equation was established. The processing maps of the alloy were constructed based on the experiment data and the forging process parameters were then optimized based on the generated maps for forging process determination. The flow behavior and the microstructural mechanism of the alloy were studied. The flow stress of the Cu-Ni-Si-P alloy increases with increasing strain rate and decreasing deformation temperature, and the dynamic recrystallization temperature of alloy is around 700 ℃. The hot deformation activation energy for dynamic recrystallization is determined as 485.6 kJ/mol. The processing maps for the alloy obtained at strains of 0.3 and 0.5 were used to predict the instability regimes occurring at the strain rate more than 1 s-1 and low temperature （〈650 ℃）. The optimum range for the alloy hot deformation processing in the safe domain obtained from the processing map is 750-800 ℃ at the strain rate of 0.01-0.1 s i The characteristic microstructures predicted from the processing map agree well with the results of microstructural observations.展开更多
Cu2O particles with different shapes were prepared via reducing Cu（II） in alkaline system by glucose at 50℃. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and tr...Cu2O particles with different shapes were prepared via reducing Cu（II） in alkaline system by glucose at 50℃. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. It is found that the shape of Cu2O particles changes with the change of concentration of NaOH. The different shapes of Cu2O particles are due to the absorption of OH- ions on Cu2O particles, which arise the variety of growth mode of Cu2O, and then influence the morphology of Cu2O particles.展开更多
The mechanical properties of Ti−Cu alloys processed via thixoforming were evaluated.Ti−Cu(25,27,and 29 wt.%Cu)ingots were produced via arc melting,homogenization at 950℃ for 24 h,and hot-forging at 900℃,followed by ...The mechanical properties of Ti−Cu alloys processed via thixoforming were evaluated.Ti−Cu(25,27,and 29 wt.%Cu)ingots were produced via arc melting,homogenization at 950℃ for 24 h,and hot-forging at 900℃,followed by thixoforming at a speed of 8 mm/s after isothermal heat treatment at 1035℃ for 300 s.The thixoformed alloys exhibited good mechanical strength,limited plasticity under tensile loading,and reasonable plasticity under compressive loading.The mechanical strength and plasticity decreased as the Cu content increased as a result of the increasing volume fraction of the peritectic Ti_(2)Cu phase(transformed liquid),which exhibited a lower strength and plasticity than theα+Ti_(2)Cu regions(transformed solid).These findings indicated that the trade-off between the mechanical properties and semisolid processability is largely governed by the Cu content.展开更多
文摘使用AAS法和ICP-AES法,测定玉米不同生育期土壤中各形态和玉米中各部位铜含量,探究炭基有机肥与木醋液对污灌区土壤中铜形态的转化及玉米对铜吸收、富集、转移的影响。结果表明,不同用量炭基有机肥配施菌糠木醋液后提高了土壤中pH值,铜各种形态的含量和比例发生了变化,促进了可交换态、铁锰氧化态和有机结合态向碳酸盐结合态和残渣态的转化,与对照相比,100 g炭基有机肥(CF)和100 g CF+木醋液处理的可交换态铜含量分别显著下降了18.78%,25.11%,残渣态含量分别显著增加了46.04%,47.97%。随着炭基有机肥施用量的增加,玉米地上部(茎、叶、穗)铜的含量下降,地下部上升;配施菌糠木醋液后降低了各部位铜的含量。各处理对各部位富集系数与对各部位铜含量影响一致,300 g CF和300 g CF+木醋液处理的转移系数分别降低了26.79%,35.17%,很好地抑制了Cu从根部向地上部的转移。施用适量炭基有机肥可以有效降低土壤中可交换态铜的含量及铜的生物有效性,配施木醋液后效果更好,因此,炭基有机肥配施菌糠木醋液可作为铜污染土壤的优质改良剂。
基金Project(2012CB619506)supported by the National Basic Research Program of ChinaProject(51071177)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The exposure of Al-5Cu alloy to an external stress with normal aging was carried out. The effects of external stress-aging on the morphology and precipitation behavior of θ＂ phase were investigated by transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） and first principle calculation. The size of the θ＂ phase precipitated plates in stress-aging （453 K, 6 h, 50 MPa） is 19.83 nm, which is smaller than that of those present （28.79 nm） in stress-flee aging （453 K, 6 h）. The precipitation process of θ＂ phase is accelerated by loading external stress aging according to the analysis of DSC results. The apparent activation energy for the external stress-aging is 10% lower than the stress-free one. The first principle calculation results show that the external stress makes a decrease of 6% in the interface energy. The effects of the stress on aging process of the alloy are discussed on the basis of the classical theory. The external stress changes the morphology and precipitation behavior of θ＂ phase because the critical nucleation energy is decreased by 19% under stress aging.
基金Project(51405100)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2014M551233)supported by the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China+1 种基金Project(2014-HT-HGD12)supported by the Astronautical Supporting Technology Foundation of ChinaProject(2015GGX102023)supported by the Plan of Science and Technology Development in Shandong Province,China
文摘In order to study the hot fractures in relation to the semi-solid processing, the tensile tests of an extruded 7075 aluminum alloy which is based on Al?Zn?Mg?Cu system were carried out in the high temperature solid and semi-solid states at different strain rates. The results show that the tensile behavior can be divided into three regimes with increasing the liquid fraction. The alloy first behaves in a ductile character, and as the temperature increases, the fracture mechanism changes from ductile to brittle which is determined by both of liquid and solid, and lastly the fracture mechanism is brittle which is totally dominated by liquid. At strain rates of 1×10?4, 1×10?3 and 1×10?2 s?1, the brittle temperature ranges are 515?526, 519?550 and 540?580 °C, respectively. Two equations which are critical for tensile behavior are proposed.
基金Project(51101052) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The high-temperature deformation behavior of Cu-Ni-Si-P alloy was investigated by using the hot compression test in the temperature range of 600-800 ℃ and strain rate of 0.01-5 s-1. The hot deformation activation energy, Q, was calculated and the hot compression constitutive equation was established. The processing maps of the alloy were constructed based on the experiment data and the forging process parameters were then optimized based on the generated maps for forging process determination. The flow behavior and the microstructural mechanism of the alloy were studied. The flow stress of the Cu-Ni-Si-P alloy increases with increasing strain rate and decreasing deformation temperature, and the dynamic recrystallization temperature of alloy is around 700 ℃. The hot deformation activation energy for dynamic recrystallization is determined as 485.6 kJ/mol. The processing maps for the alloy obtained at strains of 0.3 and 0.5 were used to predict the instability regimes occurring at the strain rate more than 1 s-1 and low temperature （〈650 ℃）. The optimum range for the alloy hot deformation processing in the safe domain obtained from the processing map is 750-800 ℃ at the strain rate of 0.01-0.1 s i The characteristic microstructures predicted from the processing map agree well with the results of microstructural observations.
基金Project(50674100) supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China
文摘Cu2O particles with different shapes were prepared via reducing Cu（II） in alkaline system by glucose at 50℃. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. It is found that the shape of Cu2O particles changes with the change of concentration of NaOH. The different shapes of Cu2O particles are due to the absorption of OH- ions on Cu2O particles, which arise the variety of growth mode of Cu2O, and then influence the morphology of Cu2O particles.
基金the Brazilian research funding agencies FAPESP(São Paulo Research Foundation)under the grant numbers 2013/24786-3 and 2017/07040-9CAPES(Federal Agency for the Support and Improvement of Higher Education).
文摘The mechanical properties of Ti−Cu alloys processed via thixoforming were evaluated.Ti−Cu(25,27,and 29 wt.%Cu)ingots were produced via arc melting,homogenization at 950℃ for 24 h,and hot-forging at 900℃,followed by thixoforming at a speed of 8 mm/s after isothermal heat treatment at 1035℃ for 300 s.The thixoformed alloys exhibited good mechanical strength,limited plasticity under tensile loading,and reasonable plasticity under compressive loading.The mechanical strength and plasticity decreased as the Cu content increased as a result of the increasing volume fraction of the peritectic Ti_(2)Cu phase(transformed liquid),which exhibited a lower strength and plasticity than theα+Ti_(2)Cu regions(transformed solid).These findings indicated that the trade-off between the mechanical properties and semisolid processability is largely governed by the Cu content.
