Cu(Ⅱ)催化NaOCl氧化碘帕醇的效果和过程解析

本文研究Cu(Ⅱ)催化NaOCl氧化非离子型碘代X射线造影剂—碘帕醇(IPM),对IPM降解过程中Cu的回收和形态进行解析,考察Cu(Ⅱ)、NaOCl浓度和卤素离子对IPM降解效果及碘代消毒副产物-碘仿的生成影响;采用XRD、XPS分析Cu(Ⅱ)反应后的产物晶型和形态变化,结合循环伏安曲线和计时电流表征Cu(Ⅲ)的生成,推测Cu(Ⅱ)催化NaOCl氧化IPM的机理.利用HPLC/MS/MS分析中间产物,推测IPM的降解路径.结果表明,与Co(Ⅱ)、Fe(Ⅱ)、Mn(Ⅱ)相比,Cu(Ⅱ)显著提高了NaOCl的分解率和IPM的氧化效果,25℃、pH=6.71,500r/min,NaOCl和Cu(Ⅱ)浓度分别为0.5和0.05mmol/L,60min,8.0mg/L IPM的降解率达到77.51%;HO·、活性氯自由基和Cu(Ⅲ)都有助于Cu(Ⅱ)/NaOCl氧化IPM,且Cu(Ⅲ)的贡献随pH值升高而增大.NaOCl浓度在0.1~2.5mmol/L范围增加,IPM降解率增加;Cu(Ⅱ)浓度在0.005~0.5mmol/L存在适宜值.HPLC/MS/MS共检测出13种产物,IPM的降解途径主要包括:侧链酰胺键水解和氧化,碘取代、羟基加成.Cl^(−)、Br^(−)和I^(−)(1~5mmol/L)在影响IPM氧化效果的同时,Br^(-)显著促进了CHI_(3)的生成,生成量达到48.28μg/L.

Cu离子分子筛催化材料在去除NO_(x)方面应用的研究进展

控制大气中氮氧化物的排放对环境和人体健康有着至关重要的作用,应用于NO_(x)去除的技术有很多,其中选择性催化还原(NH3-SCR)技术是去除NO_(x)极有效的技术之一,利用CO去除NO_(x)为烟气脱硝(CO-SCR)提供了一种简单且低成本的技术,直接催化分解NO_(x)被认为是去除NO_(x)最理想、最环保的技术。Cu离子分子筛作为去除NO_(x)的高效催化剂,具有宽温度窗口和良好的水热稳定性。本文综述了Cu交换分子筛在去除NO领域的研究进展,讨论了Cu离子分子筛在NH3-SCR、CO-SCR以及直接催化分解NO中的应用,着重总结了Cu离子参与去除NO的反应机理,归纳了分子筛中Cu活性位点对脱硝性能的影响,还讨论了铜离子分子筛的抗H_(2)O和SO_(2)中毒性能,展望了Cu离子分子筛未来可能的发展方向。

高精度X射线荧光光谱法在含铜污泥Cu离子测定中的应用

测量含铜污泥中铜离子(Cu^(2+))的浓度、分布是回收Cu^(2+)的必要步骤。因此,研究高精度X射线荧光光谱法在含铜污泥Cu^(2+)测定中的应用十分重要。利用高精度X射线荧光光谱法对山西中条山洞沟铜矿区含铜污泥Cu^(2+)测定进行了研究,以解决因干扰所导致测定结果偏差问题。脉冲高度分析器(PHA)范围为100~300的测定条件下,利用高精度X射线荧光光谱法测定熔融片中Cu^(2+)浓度并修正。结果表明:基于X射线荧光光谱图,测量出36个采样点样本中,Cu^(2+)浓度范围从最低的8.78 mg/kg到最高的334.98 mg/kg,并通过绘制的Cu^(2+)浓度分布特征图,得出Cu^(2+)浓度在东南方分布最高,之后逐渐向着西北方向递减,显示出含铜污泥中Cu^(2+)浓度的广泛变化。

Cu掺杂P2型Na_(0.67)Ni_(0.33)Mn_(0.67)O_(2)钠离子电池正极材料的制备与性能

通过溶胶-凝胶法制备了一系列形貌规则、表面光滑的Cu掺杂层状P2型Na_(0.67)Ni_(0.33-x)Cu_(x)Mn_(0.67)O_(2)(x=0、0.05、0.10、0.15、0.20、0.25)。采用SEM、XRD、EDS、XPS对材料进行了形貌、结构和成分表征。将材料用作钠离子电池正极材料,采用循环伏安法、恒流充放电法研究了其电化学性能,获得了最佳掺杂比例。研究发现,掺杂未改变材料的层状结构和形貌,通过Cu掺杂引入了高电化学活性的Cu^(2+)作为取代基,增加材料的表面活性储钠位点,材料表现出良好的循环稳定性和倍率性能。在2.0~4.3 V的电压范围和0.1 C的倍率下,Cu掺杂比例x=0.15时Na_(0.67)Ni_(0.18)Cu_(0.15)Mn_(0.67)O_(2)的初始放电比容量为126.74 mAh/g,100次循环后容量保持率为79.10%,与未掺杂材料相比提高了50.92%。材料电化学性能的增强可归因于Cu^(2+)插入过渡金属层,由于Cu^(2+)(0.73A)的半径大于Ni^(2+)(0.69A),过渡金属层间距扩大,为Na+扩散提供了通道,进而提高了Na+扩散速率。当充电到高压时可抑制Na+脱/嵌过程中Na^(+)空位的产生,从而稳定材料的晶体结构并抑制材料发生P2-O2相变,提高了材料的循环稳定性。

静电纺丝法制备SnSbCuFeZn高熵合金/碳纳米纤维复合负极材料

采用静电纺丝技术,结合煅烧工艺,将SnSbCuFeZn高熵合金纳米颗粒均匀地锚定在导电互联的碳纳米纤维中,成功制备了SnSbCuFeZn@CNFs锂离子电池复合负极材料。结果表明,煅烧温度对材料的物相组成和形貌特征有重要影响,且直接影响SnSbCuFeZn高熵合金纳米颗粒的晶相、尺寸和分布,决定SnSbCuFeZn@CNFs电极的电化学性能。其中SnSbCuFeZn@CNFs-900电极展现出优良综合性能:0.1 A/g时,初始放电比容量达1232.8 mA/g,循环200次后可逆放电比容量保持在786.0 mA/g;1.0 A/g时,循环500次后放电比容量仍有433.8 mA/g;2.0 mV/s扫描速度下,赝电容贡献率高达93.37%。

钠离子电池Cu基正极材料的研究

钠离子电池O3型NiFeMn(NFM111)基层状氧化物正极材料因具有优异的容量而被广泛研究,但材料的空气稳定性及成本问题也限制了其产业化的进程。本项工作中,通过引入廉价的Cu元素替代部分Ni元素,不仅降低了成本,还实现了材料的高空气稳定性。材料的结构表征主要通过XRD、SEM来研究,材料的残碱数据主要通过化学分析来研究。试验结果表明,Cu基正极材料(Na_(0.98)Cu_(0.11) Ni_(0.22) Fe_(0.33) Mn_(0.34)O_(2),CNFM)具有极低的表面残碱(Na_(2)CO_(3):2579μg/g,NaOH:108μg/g)和优异的电化学性能,0.1 C充放电克容量分别为135.29、127.24 mAh/g,首次效率高达94.05%,且在1 C的电流密度下容量高达118.84 mAh/g,循环50周后容量保持率高达93.98%。

机械活化重质碳酸钙制备复合碳酸钙及其对溶液中的Cu^(2+)吸附性能

利用机械活化法对重质碳酸钙进行了纳米化表面改性,以聚丙烯酸钠和纳米碳酸钙为改性原料与重质碳酸钙进行混合研磨,成功制备了纳米碳酸钙包覆重质碳酸钙的复合钙,并考察了复合钙对溶液中的Cu^(2+)的吸附性能。研究结果如下:扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪分析证实了纳米碳酸钙包覆在重质碳酸钙表面,傅里叶变换红外光谱分析表明复合碳酸钙表面羟基明显增加,比表面积分析表明复合碳酸钙的比表面积为20.5m^(2)/g,具有介孔结构。复合碳酸钙对Cu^(2+)的最大吸附量为65.5mg/g,去除率可达98%。吸附性能研究表明,复合碳酸钙对Cu^(2+)吸附动力学符合伪二阶动力学模型,等温吸附过程符合Langmuir-Freundich模型,证明吸附过程以离子交换反应为主,该过程为吸热反应。

养殖水体中Cu(Ⅱ)离子去除新型吸附剂的制备和性质测定

为寻找易分离、环保型吸附剂,以海藻酸钠和聚乙烯醇为包埋剂制备小球型固定化海带粉吸附剂,用于处理含铜污染水体。利用氢氧化钠-乙醇和柠檬酸处理粉碎后海带粉末,选出对Cu(Ⅱ)离子吸附效果较好的改性海带粉;利用改性海带粉末制备小球吸附剂,以对Cu(Ⅱ)离子吸附效果和成球性能为考核指标,探究海带粉用量、聚乙烯醇浓度、海藻酸钠浓度、氯化钙浓度、交联时间、交联温度等条件对小球吸附剂制备的影响;最后对小球吸附剂进行红外测定(IR)和养殖水体中Cu(Ⅱ)离子去除应用。试验结果表明:海带粉被15%柠檬酸改性后对Cu(Ⅱ)离子吸附效果较好;当改性海带粉投加量0.25 g(20 mL包埋剂中)、聚乙烯醇浓度6%、海藻酸钠浓度2%、氯化钙浓度1.5%、时间12 h、温度25℃时,制备的小球吸附剂综合性能较好;羟基、羧基在固定化小球吸附Cu(Ⅱ)离子过程中发挥了作用;将其用于淡水虾养殖水体中,Cu(Ⅱ)离子去除后可达到《渔业水质标准》规定。

Effect of Cu^(2+)ions on bioleaching of marmatite

铁闪锌矿的 bioleaching 上的 Cu2+ 离子的效果通过饮料沥滤被调查实验。接种的细菌是 Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans， Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans 和 Lepthospirillum ferrooxidans 的一种混合文化。结果证明那锌有选择地被沥滤，并且 Cu2+ 离子的适当内容的增加在铁闪锌矿的 bioleaching 上有积极效果。沥滤的残余的 SEM 和 EDX 分析表明产品层在矿物质表面上铁硫化物，元素的硫和 jarosite 形式创作了。元素的硫的 biooxidation 被 Cu2+ 离子催化，它消除障碍到铁闪锌矿的 bioleaching 并且使 pH 价值低。与 0.5 个 g/L Cu2+ 离子的增加，最大的锌抽取率在 30 的温度在 23 d 以后到达 73%? 吗？？

Photocatalytic and Photoelectronic Properties of Anatase TiO_2 Modified by Cu Ions Plasma and Its Theoretic Study by the First Principle Study

Highly oxidation. SEM analysis ordered anatase titania nanotube method was used to characterize arrays （TINT） were fabricated by anodic the morphology of the prepared samples. TiNT samples doped with Cu ions were prepared by home-made Metal Vapor Vacuum Arc ions sources （MEVVA, BNU, China） implanter. Photo-electric response and methyl orange decomposition ability of implanted samples under UV and visible light were tested, and the results indicated that the performance of Cu/TiNT enhanced significantly under visible light; it was noteworthy that the photocurrent density of A-Cu/TiNT was 0.102 mA/cm^2, which was 115 times that of pure TINT, and degradation ability of TiNT also strongly enhanced under visible light. In a word, the absorption spectrum of implanted anatase titania shifted to a longer wavelength region. Theoretic study on Cu-doped anatase based on density functional theory was carried out in this paper to validate the experiment results. The calculation results are depicted as follows： Intermittent energy band appeared around the Fermi energy after doping with Cu metal, the width of which was 0.35 eV and the location of valence and conduction bands shifted to the lower energy level by 0.22 eV; more excitation and jump routes were opened for the electrons. The narrowed band gaps allowed the photons with lower energy （at longer wavelength, such as visible light） to be absorbed, which accorded well with the experimental results.

Free cupric ions in contaminated agricultural soils around a copper mine in eastern Nanjing City, China

To determine the environmental free metal ion activity was a recent hot issue. A method to measure low-level free cupric ion activity in soil solution extracted with 0.01 mol/L KNO3 was developed by using cupric ion-selective electrode （ISE） and calibrating with Cu-buffer solution. Three copper buffers including iminodiacetic acid （IDA）, ethylenediamine （EN）, and glycine （Gly） were compared for calibrating the Cu-ISE curves in the range of free cupric ions （pCu^2＋） 7-13. The Cu-EN buffer showed the best electrode response and thus was applied as the calibration buffer. The pCu^2＋ of 39 contaminated agricultural soils around a copper mine was measured, ranging from 5.03 to 9.20. Most Cu in the soil solutions was found to be complexed with dissolved soil organic matters, averaging 98.1%. The proportion of free Cu^2＋ ions in the soil solutions decreased with the increasing of solution pH. Soluble Cu and free Cu^2＋ ions concentrations were analyzed by multiple linear regressions to evaluate the effects of soil properties on metal levels and speciation. The results showed that soil solution pH was the most significant factor influencing pCu^2＋ （with R^2 value of 0.76）, while not important for the soluble Cu concentration.

Comparative TEM investigation on the precipitation behaviors in Cu-15wt% Sn alloy

The decomposition and precipitation behaviors of a quenched Cu-15wt%Sn alloy as a function of aging temperature were investigated using transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. Focused ion beam （FIB） was employed to assist TEM specimen preparation. At 300 ℃, the decomposition of the supersaturated phase occurred at grain boundaries, displaying a cellular morphology. The lamellae were found with and phases, rather than with the equilibrium e and phases. The and phases exhibit a welldefined orientation relationship （OR） as On the other hand, at 320 ℃, only incipient lamellar structures of several micron meters were observed, which were composed of the 6 and phases. At the same time, abundant intragranular precipitation of the e phase in the form of platelets was observed, and OR as （lil）J/ （001）, [110] J/[100] exists between e phase and the ct phase. These contrasting precipitation behaviors are discussed from the viewpoint of crystallographic coherency of these phases.

Atomic Absorption and Vibrational Spectral Magnetic Studies on the Removal of Cu(II) and Co(II) Ions Using Synthetic Nano Adsorbent Fe₃O₄

Adsorption of Cu(II) and Co(II) from aqueous solutions on synthetic nano Fe3O4 has been studied. The effect of experimental parameters such as initial concentration of the metal ions, adsorbent dosage, contact time and pH has been investigated. Optimum removal efficiency of Cu(II) ion was found to be 97.8% with the dose rate of 1.07 g/L in 60 minutes at pH = 5.5 and for Co(II) ion, it was found to be 99.2% with the dose rate of2.57 g/L in 10 minutes at pH = 5.4. The removal of Co(II) ions require only 10 minutes with the efficient removal of 99.2%, whereas Cu(II) ions require 60 minutes with the maximum removal of 97.8%. In order to understand the effective removal of Cu(II) and Co(II) ions on Fe3O4, room temperature magnetic measurement was carried out using Vibrational Spectrum Magnetometer (VSM), before and after adsorption with a maximum applied magnetic field of 20,000 G.

Antibacterial Property of Martensitic Stainless Steel Generated by Cu Ion Implantation

Copper ions were implanted into a AISI420 martensitic stainless steel (SS) by metal vapor vacuum arc (MEVVA) with a dose range 0.2 xlO17 -S.OxlO17 cm"2 at the energy of lOOkeV. The Cu-implanted stainless steel was treated by a special antibacterial treatment subsequently. The phase compositions in the implanted layer were studied by glancing X-ray diffraction ( GXRD) and changes of bacterial appearance on the surface of Cu un-implanted SS and Cu-implanted SS with antibacterial treatment SS were observed by bio-TEM (transmission electron microscopy) separately. The results showed that a suitable amount of Cu-rich phase was dispersed in the implanted layer of Cu-implanted SS that was treated by special antibacterial treatment. So the Cu-implanted martensitic stainless steel with antibacterial treatment reveals excellent antibacterial property against both E. coli and S. aureus.

颗粒13X分子筛复合材料去除水中Cu^(2+)的机理及共存Pb^(2+)、Cd^(2+)、Zn^(2+)的影响研究

制备了颗粒13X分子筛复合材料,将其装填为固定床,探究复合材料去除水中Cu^(2+)的机理及共存重金属离子Pb^(2+)、Cd^(2+)和Zn^(2+)对复合材料固定床去除Cu^(2+)性能的影响。结果表明,在进水流速为150 mL·min^(-1)、Cu^(2+)浓度为100 mg·L^(-1)的条件下,固定床运行23.5 h后,Cu^(2+)达到穿透点,复合材料对Cu^(2+)的饱和富集量为1.58 mmol·g^(-1)(铜含量达10.03%)。颗粒13X分子筛复合材料去除Cu^(2+)的机理主要包括离子交换吸附和表面沉淀。Cu^(2+)-Pb^(2+)、Cu^(2+)-Cd^(2+)和Cu^(2+)-Zn^(2+)二元体系的运行结果表明,Pb^(2+)、Cd^(2+)和Zn^(2+)的共存分别使Cu^(2+)的穿透时间提前了34.0%、40.4%和53.6%,进出水中Cu^(2+)浓度相等时复合材料对Cu^(2+)的富集量分别降低到0.28 mmol·g^(-1)、1.08 mmol·g^(-1)和1.55 mmol·g^(-1),影响强弱顺序为Pb^(2+)>Cd^(2+)>Zn^(2+)。水合离子直径和水合能越小、电负性越大的共存重金属离子,对复合材料去除Cu^(2+)产生的不利影响越强。

Interfacial Electronic Structure of Thin Cu Films Grown on Ar^+-ion Sputter-cleaned α-Al_2O_3 Substrates

The bonding and electronic structure of Cu/(0001)Al2O3 and Cu/(1120)Al2O3 interfaces has been studied experimentally using spatially-resolved transmission electron energy loss spectroscopy. The specimen were prepared by depositing Cu on single-crystal α-AI2O3 substrates, which have been Ar+-ion sputter-cleaned prior to the growth of Cu. For both orientations of the α-Al2O3 substrate, atomically abrupt interfaces formed as determined by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The investigations of the interfacial Cu-L2,3, Al-L2,3 and 0-K energy loss near-edge structures, which are proportional to the site- and angular-momentum-projected unoccupied density of states above the Fermi level, indicate the existence of metallic Cu-AI bonds at the Cu/AI2O3 interface independent of the substrate orientation.

Enhanced adhesion of Cu-W thin films by ion beam assisting bombardment implanting

Cu-W thin film with high W content was deposited by dual-target DC-magnetron co-sputtering technology.Effects of the substrates surface treating technique on the adhesive strength of Cu-W thin films were studied.It is found that the technique of ion beam assisting bombardment implanting of W particles can remarkably improve the adhesive property of Cu-W thin films. Indentation and scratching test show that,the critical load is doubled over than the sample only sputter-cleaned by ion beam.The enhancing mechanism of ion beam assisting bombardment implanting of Cu-W thin films was analyzed.With the help of mid-energy Ar+ion beam,W atoms can diffuse into the Fe-substrate surface layer;Fe atoms in the substrate surface layer and W atoms interlace with one another;and microcosmic mechanical meshing and diffusing combination on atom-scale among the Fe and W atoms through the film/substrate interface can be formed.The wettability and thermal expansion properties of the W atoms diffusion zone containing plentiful W atoms are close to those of pure W or W-based Cu-W film.

Theoretical study on 2s2p^6np Rydberg states of Cu^(19+)ion

We report on the calculations of transition wavelengths and weighted oscillator strengths for 2s22p^6 2s2p^6np （4 〈 n 〈 20） electric dipole （El） transitions of Cu^19＋ ion. The flexible atomic code （FAC） has been adopted for the calculations. Comparisons are made with the experimental data available, showing that the present results for 4 〈 n 〈 6 are more accurate than the previous calculated values. Furthermore, combining the quantum defect theory （QDT） with the transition energies of 2s^22p^62s2p^6np, the quantum defects for 2s2p^6np Rydberg series of Cu^19＋ ion are determined. In addition, the energies of any highly excited states （n 〉 20） for this series can be reliably predicted using the QDT and the given quantum defects. The ionization energies for Cu^19＋ and Cu^20＋ ions are also calculated and they excellently accord with previous experimental and calculated values.

Releasing of Cupric Ion of Three types of Copper-bearing Intrauterine Contraceptive Device in Simulated UterineFluid

Objective To compare the cupric ion releasing in vitro o.f the three IUDs. Methods The stability o.f cupric ion releasing o.f IUDs including TCu 380.4 IUD （TCu 380A）, Multiload Cu375 IUD （MCu 375） and Yuangong 365 copper-bearing indomethacin-releasing IUD （Yuangong 365） by the determination of cupric ion releasing in simulated uterine fluid. The simulated uterine fluid was used for releasing media. Copper ion was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometer. Results The cupric ion releasing of three IUDs were instable at the beginning and tend to be stable gradually. In the stable phase, the average level of cupric ion releasing of TCu380A, MCu375 and Yuangong 365 were 4.25±2.71-7.62±6.42 μg, 4.92±1.23 -8.62±3.08 μg and 2.19±0.40-4.68±1.66 μg, respectively. TCu380A had higher instable releasing level than those of Yuangong 365 （P〈0. 05）. Conclusion TCu 380.4 and MCu 375 showed a ＂burst release＂ during the first few days and the.former was of great significance（P〈0.05）. The initial cupric ion releasing of Yuangong 365 appeared to be the lowest, followed by MCu375 and TCu380A in a releasing order

Indirect Flow Injection Chemiluminescence Method for the Determination of Tetracyclines Using Cu(Ⅱ) as a Probe Ion

This paper reported an indirect flow injection chemiluminescence （FI-CL） method for the determination of the drugs tetracycline （TC）, chlortetracycline （CTC） and oxytetracycline（OTC） using Cu（ Ⅱ ） as a probe ion. The CL reaction was induced on-line and after injection of the sample the negative peaks appeared as a result of complexation. The method was applied to the determination of TCs in pharmaceuticals and human urine with recoveries in the range95-105%.