Three-dimensional Modeling of Ore-forming Elements and Mineralization Prognosis for the Yechangping Mo Deposit,Henan Province,China

Three-dimensional geochemical modeling of ore-forming elements is crucial for predicting deep mineralization.This approach provides key information for the quantitative prediction of deep mineral localization,three-dimensional fine interpolation,analysis of spatial distribution patterns,and extraction of quantitative mineral-seeking markers.The Yechangping molybdenum(Mo)deposit is a significant and extensive porphyry-skarn deposit in the East Qinling-Dabie Mo polymetallic metallogenic belt at the southern margin of the North China Block.Abundant borehole data on oreforming elements underpin deep geochemical predictions.The methodology includes the following steps:(1)Threedimensional geological modeling of the deposit was established.(2)Correlation,cluster,and factor analyses post delineation of mineralization stages and determination of mineral generation sequence to identify(Cu,Pb,Zn,Ag)and(Mo,W,mfe)assemblages.(3)A three-dimensional geochemical block model was constructed for Mo,W,mfe,Cu,Zn,Pb,and Ag using the ordinary kriging method,and the variational function was developed.(4)Spatial distribution and enrichment characteristics analysis of ore-forming elements are performed to extract geological information,employing the variogram and w(Cu+Pb+Zn+Ag)/w(Mo+W)as predictive indicators.(5)Identifying the western,northwestern,and southwestern areas of the mine with limited mineralization potential,contrasted by the northeastern and southeastern areas favorable for mineral exploration.

Temporal Periods and Duration of Formation of Cu-Mo Porphyry Deposits(Siberia and Mongolia)

Copper-molybdenum porphyry deposits of Russia (Sib eria) and Mongolia were formed within the interaction zone of the Siberian conti nent with Paleo-As ian (Pt 2-Pz 2), Paleo-Tethys (Pz 3) and Mongolo-Okhotsk (Pz 2-Mz) ocean s. Ore-beari ng magmatic (porphyry) complexes, which are closely associated in time and space with Cu-Mo mineralization, are represented by small stocks (up to 1 km 2) and numerous dikes of basic to acid composition. Rb-Sr and 40 Ar/ 39 Ar dating fix three temporal periods of activity o f ore-form ing process within Siberia and Mongolia which resulted in a wide appearance of C u-Mo porphyry mineralization. A series of large-scale deposits was formed at t ha t time: 1) Early Devonian (Mo-porphyry Sora deposit, Kuznetsk-Alatau; Cu-Mo- porp hyry Aksug deposit, Tuva), 2) Triassic (Cu-Mo-porphyry Erdenetuin-Obo, Northe rn Mongolia), 3) Late Jurassic (Cu-Mo-porphyry Zhireken and Shakhtama deposits, Eastern Transbaikalia). The deposits of small size were formed between these periods (Cu-Mo-porphyry Tsagan-Suburga, Cu-porphyry Kharmagtai deposits in Southern Mongolia, etc.). C u- Mo-porphyry deposits within Siberia and Mongolia as a whole were formed with a regular periodicity at 20～30 Ma intervals. Large copper-molybdenum porphyry deposits are characterized by the manifestat ion of multiple ore-forming processes which are related to separate pulses of o r e-bearing magmatism. Three pulses of ore-bearing magmatism are established at th e large scale Erdenetuin-Obo deposit: I-250～240 Ma, II-225～220 Ma, III-225 ～195 M a. Every magmatic pulse is accompanied by ore mineralization. The Erdenet ore di strict includes three deposits of different sizes. Large-scale deposits are in principle multi-stage formations. They are charac terized by the repeated manifestation of ore-bearing magmatism and the ore-for mi ng processes during the long period of geological time within a relatively limit ed space.

秘鲁Morococha斑岩-矽卡岩-浅成低温热液型矿床成矿地质特征与区域找矿方向

秘鲁中部Morococha地区位于中安第斯秘鲁中新世成矿带,是全球最具代表性的世界级斑岩-矽卡岩型和浅成低温热液型成矿系统之一。系统总结了该区斑岩型、矽卡岩型、浅成低温热液型等多种铜钼铅锌银多金属矿化成矿作用特征和最新的研究进展,结合区域岩浆-热液成矿作用过程,提出了下一步找矿方向。Morococha矿区位于秘鲁中部Yali穹隆北段,由中心部位的Toromocho斑岩型铜钼矿床及外围铅锌银金多金属矿脉组成。区内主要构造为北西向Morococha背斜,地层主要为二叠纪—三叠纪Mitu群火山碎屑岩、侏罗纪Pucara群碳酸盐岩、早白垩世Goyllarisquizga群海相碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩。矿区中新世岩浆活动主要为中中新世不含矿的闪长质侵入岩(14.3~14.1 Ma)和晚中新世与成矿有关的花岗闪长岩和长石斑岩岩株(9.4~7.7 Ma)。Morococha岩浆-热液系统(8.5~7.2 Ma)是其形成超大型斑岩型铜矿成矿的原因之一,铅锌银多金属矿化主要发生在斑岩型矿化之后约0.5 Ma,受区域构造控制。矿床在空间上显示出明显的金属分带特征,中心斑岩区域为富铜矿石,而远离斑岩区出现更多的富铅锌银矿石。秘鲁中部中新世成矿带分布着众多具有重要经济价值的脉状热液型铅锌银多金属矿床,总结近年来综合地质调查和研究成果,表明这些多金属矿床都属于斑岩-矽卡岩成矿系统的一部分,因此斑岩-矽卡岩型铜矿床及浅成低温热液型贵金属矿床是秘鲁中部重要的找矿方向。

右江盆地大际山U-(Mo)矿床围岩蚀变特征及微量元素迁移规律——对区域内U、Au成生关系的指示

位于扬子地块西南缘的右江盆地,是全球第二大的卡林型Au矿(共伴生有Sb、Hg、Tl异常/矿化)矿集区,有着滇黔桂“金三角”的美誉。值得注意的是,该区除发育Au(-Sb-Hg-Tl)矿床外,还产有大量赋矿岩性和控矿构造相似的U矿床(点),成矿特色鲜明。前人对该区Au矿开展了大量研究,而U矿研究较少,对U、Au的成生关系尚不清楚。基于此,文章选取右江盆地内典型的U矿床——大际山U-(Mo)矿床为研究对象,通过开展岩矿相学研究和地球化学分析,厘定了矿化的围岩蚀变为硫化、沥青质化、磷铝锶石化、硅化和伊利石化,揭示了矿化过程中Re、Tl、Mo、U、Cd、Ni、Co、As、Sb、MREE的相对富集。蚀变矿物组合及元素迁移规律约束大际山U-(Mo)矿床中成矿物质可能来源于牛蹄塘组,成矿流体应为还原性有机流体与地表-近地表酸性、氧化性流体的混合,矿质沉淀发生在低温、酸性、还原环境中。综合分析认为,右江盆地内U、Au分布特征及矿床成因具有明显差异,二者应是不同成矿事件的产物。

Age and petrogenesis of late Mesozoic intrusions in the Huoluotai porphyry Cu-(Mo)deposit,northeast China:Implications for regional tectonic evolution

Multi-stage igneous rocks developed in the recently discovered Huoluotai Cu-(Mo)deposit provide new insights into the controversial late Mesozoic geodynamic evolution of the northern segment of the Great Xing’an Range(NSGXR).Zircon U-Pb dating suggests that the monzogranite,ore-bearing granodiorite porphyry,diorite porphyry,and granite porphyry in the deposit were emplaced at 179.5±1.6,148.9±0.9,146.1±1.3,and 142.2±1.5 Ma,respectively.The Re-Os dating of molybdenite yielded an isochron age of 146.9±2.3 Ma(MSWD=0.27).The Jurassic adakitic monzogranite and granodiorite porphyry are characterized by high SiO_(2)and Na_(2)O contents,low K_(2)O/Na_(2)O ratios,low Mg O,Cr,and Ni contents,low zirconεHf(t)values relative to depleted mantle,and relatively high Th contents.They were produced by partial melting of a subducted oceanic slab,with involvement of marine sediments in the magma source and limited interaction with mantle peridotites during magma ascent.The Late Jurassic diorite porphyry is characterized by moderate SiO_(2) contents,high Mg O,Cr,and Ni contents,and positive dominatedεHf(t)values,indicating it was produced by partial melting of a subduction-modified lithospheric mantle wedge and underwent limited crustal contamination during magma ascent.The early Early Cretaceous adakitic granite porphyry shows high SiO_(2) and K_(2)O contents and K_(2)O/Na_(2)O ratios,low Mg O,Cr,and Ni contents,enriched Sr-Nd isotopic compositions,and slightly positive zirconεHf(t)values,suggesting it was produced by partial melting of thickened mafic lower crust.The NSGXR experienced a tectonic history that involved flat-slab subduction(200-160 Ma),and tearing and collapse(150-145 Ma)of the Mongol-Okhotsk oceanic lithosphere.The period of magmatic quiescence from ca.160 to 150 Ma was a response to flat-slab subduction of the Mongol-Okhotsk oceanic lithosphere.Crustal thickening in the NSGXR(145-133 Ma)was due to the collision between the Amuria Block and the Siberian Craton.

Re-Os geochronology of Cu and W-Mo deposits in the Balkhash metallogenic belt,Kazakhstan and its geological significance

The Central Asian metallogenic domain （CAMD） is a multi-core metallogenic system controlled by boundary strike-slip fault systems. The Balkhash metallogenic belt in Kazakhstan, in which occur many large and super-large porphyritic Cu--Mo deposits and some quartz vein- and greisen-type W-Mo deposits, is a well-known porphyritic Cu--Mo metallogenic belt in the CAMD. In this paper 11 molybdenite samples from the western segment of the Balkhash metallogenic belt are selected for Re--Os compositional analyses and Re--Os isotopic dating. Molybdenites from the Borly porphyry Cu deposit and the three quartz vein-greisen W--Mo deposits--East Kounrad, Akshatau and Zhanet--all have relatively high Re contents （2712--2772 μg/g for Borly and 2.267--31.50 μg/g for the other three W-Mo deposits）, and lower common Os contents （0.670-2.696 ng/g for Borly and 0.0051--0.056 ng/g for the other three）. The molybdenites from the Borly porphyry Cu--Mo deposit and the East Kounrad, Zhanet, and Akshatau quartz vein- and greisen-type W-Mo deposits give average model Re--Os ages of 315.9 Ma, 298.0 Ma, 295.0 Ma, and 289.3 Ma respectively. Meanwhile, molybde- nites from the East Kounrad, Zhanet, and Akshatan W-Mo deposits give a Re--Os isochron age of 297.9 Ma, with an MSWD value of 0.97. Re--Os dating of the molybdenites indicates that Cu-W-Mo metallogenesis in the western Balkhash metallogeuic belt occurred during Late Carboniferous to Early Permian （315.9--289.3 Ma）, while the porphyry Cu--Mo deposits formed at ~316 Ma, and the quartz vein-greisen W--Mo deposits formed at ~298 Ma. The Re--Os model and isochron ages thus suggest that Late Carboniferous porphyry granitoid and pegmatite magmatism took place during the late Hercy- nian movement. Compared to the Junggar-East Tianshan porphyry Cu metallogenic belt in northwestern China, the formation of the Cu-Mo metallogenesis in the Balkhash rnetallogenic belt occurred between that of the Tuwu-Yandong in East Tianshan and the Baogutu porphyry Cu deposits in West Junggar. Collectively, the large-scale Late Carboniferous porphyry Cu-Mo metallogenesis in the Central Asian metallogenic domain is related to Hercynian tectono-magmatic activities.

Genesis and metallogenic characteristic of Dongnan Cu–Mo deposit associated granitoids:LA-ICP-MS zircon U–Pb dating and isotope constraint from Zijinshan ore field in southeastern China

The Dongnan Cu–Mo deposit,located in the southeast of the Zijinshan ore field(the largest porphyry–epithermal system in Southeast China),represents the complex magmatic and metallogenesis events in the region.The petrogenesis and metallogenesis of granitoids from the deposit are not determined,especially the interactions between ore-bearing(granodiorite porphyry)and barren samples(granodiorite and diorite).In the paper,the whole rock geochemical features shared a similar affinity to the middle-lower content and revealed that they derived from partial melting of the Cathaysian basement with the contribution of mantle materials,even represented that they generated in the plate subduction;LA-ICP-MS zircon U–Pb ages show that these granodiorites,granodioritic porphyry and diorite,were generated during 114–103 Ma.The ore-bearing samples mostly presented ε_(Hf)(t)of negative values(peak value is-4 to-3)with old two-stage Hf model ages(t_(DM)^(2))(peak value is 1.10–1.15 Ga),while the barren sample showed slightly negative ε_(Hf)(t)(peak value is-1 to 0)values with young t_(DM)^(2)(peak value is 1.00–1.05 Ga).The value of zircon Ce^(4+)/Ce^(3+)ratio mostly higher than 450 was first verified for the ore-bearing samples in the Dongnan Cu–Mo deposit,and the values of ore-bearing were found to be higher than those from the barren,which suggests that the ore-bearing formed in more oxidized parental magma with higher oxygen fugacity.Based on the geochemical characteristic of the element and isotope,we concluded that the Early Cretaceous multiphases magmatic activities,low melting temperature and low pressure of pluton,and high oxygen fugacity of zircon,were the favorable conditions for metallogenesis of Dongnan Cu–Mo deposit.

Helium and argon isotope geochemistry of the Tibetan Qulong porphyry Cu-Mo deposit,China

The Qulong porphyry Cu-Mo deposit,generated in the Miocene post-collisional extension environment of the Gangdese Copper(Molybdenum)Metallogenic Belt,is one of the largest porphyry Cu deposits in China.This study reports the noble gas isotopic compositions of volatiles released from fluid inclusion reserved in pyrite from the Qulong deposit.3He/4 He and 40Ar/36Ar ratios range from 0.54 to 1.015 Ra and 300-359,respectively.Concentrations of 4 He and 40Ar range from 1.77 to 2.62×10^(-8)cm^(3)STP and 1.7-34×10^(-8)cm^(3)STP,respectively.The isotopic composition of noble gases indicates that the ore-forming fluids of the Qulong Cu-Mo deposit were a mixture of fluid containing mantle component,which is exsolved from the porphyry magma,and crustal fluid characterized by atmospheric Ar and crustal radiogenic He.Theδ34S values of pyrite and molybdenite range from-0.52‰to 0.31‰,with an average of-0.12‰,indicating a magmatic origin.More mantle components were involved in the Cu-Mo deposit than in the Mo-Cu deposit in the Qulong-Jiama ore-district.

Skarn mineralogy and its geological significance for the Tayuan (Cu-Mo)-Pb-Zn deposit, northern Daxinganling metallogenic belt

The Tayuan(Cu-Mo)-Pb-Zn deposit is located in the northern part of Daxinganling,NE China.Lenticular ore body occurs in the skarn zone.The skarn minerals mainly include garnet,pyroxene,epidote and wollastonite.Electron microprobe analysis shows that the end member of garnet is mainly andradite(Ad_(62-97)Gr_(11-45),the pyroxene is mainly diopside,and epidote is mainly clinozoisite.These characteristics indicate that the Tayuan polymetallic skarn deposit is mainly calcareous skarn.Sometimes the content zonation can be observed in garnets.With one garnet crystal,content is shifty from the core to the rim.In general,the iron content in the core is higher than in the edge.The content in the garnet shows that the garnet in the Tayuan deposit formed from weak oxidation in alkaline environment with the oxygen fugacity increasing,suggesting that the hydrothermal fluid evolved from an acidic to a slight alkaline state.In the Tayuan polymetallic deposit,the ratio of Mn/Fe in pyroxene is about 1.3,and of Mg/Fe,it is about 2.The components of garnet in the Tayuan deposit plot in the field of the typical skarn Zn,Cu,Mo deposits in the world.

Origin of the Newly Discovered Zhunuo Porphyry Cu-Mo-Au Deposit in the Western Part of the Gangdese Porphyry Copper Belt in the Southern Tibetan Plateau,SW China

The newly discovered Zhunuo porphyry Cu-Mo-Au deposit is located in the western part of the Gangdese porphyry copper belt in southern Tibet, SW China. The granitoid plutons in the Zhunuo region are composed of quartz diorite porphyry, diorite porphyry, granodiorite porphyry, biotite monzogranite and quartz porphyry. The quartz diorite porphyry yielded zircon U-Pb ages of 51.9±0.7 Ma（Eocene） using LA-ICP-MS, whereas the diorite porphyry, granodiorite porphyry, biotite monzogranite and quartz porphyry yielded ages ranging from 16.2±0.2 to 14.0±0.2 Ma（Miocene）. CuMo-Au mineralization is mainly hosted in the Miocene granodiorite porphyry. Samples from all granitoid plutons have geochemical compositions consistent with high-K calc-alkaline series magmatism. The samples display highly fractionated light rare-earth element（REE） distributions and heavy REE distributions with weakly negative Eu anomalies on chondrite-normalized REE patterns. The trace element distributions exhibit positive anomalies for large-ion lithophile elements（Rb, K, U, Th and Pb） and negative anomalies for high-field-strength elements（Nb and Ti） relative to primitive mantlenormalized values. The Eocene quartz diorite porphyry yielded εNd（t） values ranging from-3.6 to-5.2,（-（87）Sr/-（86）Sr）i values in the range 0.7046–0.7063 and initial radiogenic Pb isotopic compositions with ranges of 18.599–18.657 -（206）Pb/-（204）Pb, 15.642–15.673 -（207）Pb/-（204）Pb and 38.956–39.199 -（208）Pb/-（204）Pb. In contrast, the Miocene granitoid plutons yielded ε（Nd）（t） values ranging from-6.1 to-7.3 and（87Sr/86Sr）i values in the range 0.7071–0.7078 with similar Pb isotopic compositions to the Eocene quart diorite. The Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic compositions of the rocks are consistent with formation from magma containing a component of remelted ancient crust. Zircon grains from the Eocene quartz diorite have ε（Hf）（t） values ranging from-5.2 to ＋0.9 and two-stage Hf model ages ranging from 1.07 to 1.46 Ga, while zircon grains from the Miocene granitoid plutons have ε（Hf）（t） values from-9.9 to ＋4.2 and two-stage Hf model ages ranging from 1.05–1.73 Ga, indicating that the ancient crustal component likely derives from Paleo- to Mesoproterozoic basement. This source is distinct from that of most porphyry Cu-Mo-Au deposits in the eastern part of the Gangdese porphyry copper belt, which likely originated from juvenile crust. We therefore consider melting of ancient crustal basement to have contributed significantly to the formation Miocene porphyry Cu-Mo-Au deposits in the western part of the Gangdese porphyry copper belt.

Geochemical Characteristics and Significance of Major Elements, Trace Elements and REE in Mineralized Altered Rocks of Large-Scale Tsagaan Suvarga Cu-Mo Porphyry Deposit in Mongolia

The alteration types of the large-scale Tsagaan Suvarga Cu-Mo porphyry deposit mostly comprise stockwork silicification, argillization, quartz-sericite alteration, K-silicate alteration, and propylitization. The mineralized and altered zones from hydrothermal metallogenic center to the outside successively are Cu-bearing stockwork silicification zone, Cu-beating argillized zone, Cu-Mo-bearing quartz-sericite alteration zone, Cu-Mo-bearing K-silicate alteration zone, and pro- pylitization zone. The K-silicate alteration occurred in the early phase, quartz-sericite alteration in the medium phase, and argillization and carbonatization （calcite） in the later phase. Ore-bearing-altered rocks are significantly controlled by the structure and fissure zones of different scales, and NE- and NW-trending fissure zones could probably be the migration pathways of the porphyry hydrothermal system. Results in this study indicated that the less the concentrations of REE, LREE, and HREE and the more the extensive fractionation between LREE and HREE, the closer it is to the center circulatory hydrothermal ore-forming and the more extensive silicification. The exponential relationship between the fractionation of LREE and HREE and the intensity of silicification and K-silicate alteration was found in the Cu-Mo deposit studied. The negative Eu anomaly, normal Eu, positive Eu anomaly and obviously positive Eu anomaly are coincident with the enhancement of Na2O and K2O concentrations gradually, which indicated that Eu anomaly would be significantly controlled by the alkaline metasomatism of the circulatory hydrothermal ore-forming system. Therefore, such characteristics as the positive Eu anomaly, the obvious fractionation between LREE and HREE and their related special alteration lithofacies are suggested to be metallogenic prognostic and exploration indications for Tsagaan Suvarga-style porphyry Cu-Mo deposits in Mongolia and China.

Geochronological Constraints on the Haftcheshmeh Porphyry Cu-Mo-Au Ore Deposit, Central Qaradagh Batholith, Arasbaran Metallogenic Belt, Northwest Iran

The Haftcheshmeh porphyry Cu-Mo-Au deposit in the Arasbaran metallogenic belt （AMB） of NW Iran contains more than 185 Mt of ore, with a grade ranging from 0.3% to 0.4%. It is hosted within a porphyritic diorite to granodiorite intruded into an older gabbro - diorite intrusion. 40Ar/39Ar analyses of primary magmatic hornblende from the granodiorite porphyry and gabbro - diorite show plateau ages of 26.41 ± 0.59 Ma, with an inverse isochron age of 25.9 ± 1.0 Ma and a plateau age of 27.47 ± 0.17 Ma, with an inverse isochron age of 27.48 ± 0.35 Ma for these two rock types, respectively. Comparing these new age data with those from the nearby Sungun （20.69 ± 0.35 Ma） and Kighal porphyry deposits defines a northwest-southeast Cu-Mo-Au mineralization zone extending for 20 km over the time span of-27 to 20 Ma. Geochemically, Haftcheshmeh rocks are calc-alkaline with high potassium affinities with tectonic setting in relation to volcanic arc setting. Large ion lithophile elements （LILE） such as Th, U and K show enrichment on a primitive mantle normalized diagram （specially Pb）, and are depleted in high field strength elements （HFSE） such as Ti and Nb, pointing to a mantle magma source contamination with crustal materials by subducted oceanic crust.

Re-Os isotopic dating and geological significance of molybdenite from Xintian Cu-Mo polymetallic deposit in Yanbian,Jilin

Xintian polymetallic deposit is a hydrothermal vein type Cu-Mo deposit. Analysis on Re-Os isotopic dating for the molybdenite from this deposit is undertaken to determine metallogenic epoch and dynamics setting of the deposit. Re-Os isotopic dating for the molybdenite yields model ages ranging from 123. 9 ± 1. 9 Ma to 124. 7 ± 1. 8 Ma,with a weighted mean age of 123. 4 ± 0. 81 Ma,and an isochron age of 127 ± 16 Ma,MSWD= 0. 25,indicating that the metallization was at late Yanshanian. The content of Re in molybdenite is( 330. 1± 4. 0--367. 9 ± 3. 1) × 10^(-6),which demonstrates mantle derived metallogenic sources. Integrating the regional tectonic evolution and the metallogenic characteristics of other contemporaneous Cu-Mo deposits in the region,it is suggested that the Cu-Mo mineralization of this deposit occurred in an active epicontinental environment under lithospheric extension resulted from the subduction of the Izanagi plate to the Paleo-Asia continental margin at late Yanshanian. The Mantle wedge was partially melted with large amount of metallogenic elements dissolved in it. Under the favorable conditions of crust-mantle interaction,large-scale magmatic activity turns out to be the important mechanism of the mineralization of many Cu-Mo deposits in the Xiaoxingan Range--Zhangguangcai Mountain metallogenic belt,including the Xintian Cu-Mo polymetallic deposit.

冈底斯东段南部第三纪夕卡岩型Cu-Au±Mo矿床地质特征、矿物组合及其深部找矿意义

在冈底斯Cu—Au成矿带东南部的山南地区分布有克鲁、劣布、冲木达和陈坝等中到大型Cu—Au±Mo矿床。与含铜夕卡岩有关的侵入岩形成于20～30Ma之间，为高钾钙碱性中酸性浅成岩，形成于印-亚大陆碰撞晚期构造背景。矿化赋存于岩体外接触带下白垩统比马组的碳酸盐岩和其他钙质岩石内。主要矿化类型为夕卡岩型、热液脉型和斑岩型，构成完整的斑岩-夕卡岩、热液脉状铜-金（钼）多金属成矿体系，矿化组合主要为Cu—Mo、Cu—Au和Cu。外接触带的蚀变以夕卡岩化、角岩化为主，而内接触带上主要为岩体的绢云母化、硅化、绿泥石化等，内夕卡岩不发育。夕卡岩化可分为早期夕卡岩和晚期含水硅酸盐阶段。早期夕卡岩主要为钙铁、钙铝石榴石夕卡岩，含少量透辉石、磁铁矿等，晚期的含水硅酸盐阶段主要是绿泥石-绿帘石、方解石、石英交代石榴石夕卡岩，并伴随含铜硫化物的沉淀，为本区夕卡岩型铜矿形成的主要阶段。含铜硫化物以富含斑铜矿为特征，Au、Ag主要赋存于斑铜矿、硫铋铜矿及黄铜矿等矿物中。山南地区的夕卡岩型铜-金矿床均为浅部夕卡岩，在某些夕卡岩型铜金矿床中显示了斑岩型矿化的存在，可能暗示该区的夕卡岩型矿化与北带相似，具有统一的斑岩型-夕卡岩型成矿系统。因此本区具有在深部寻找斑岩型金矿的可能性，而且找矿潜力较大。

滇西北红山晚白垩世花岗斑岩型Cu-Mo成矿系统及其大地构造学意义

红山铜多金属矿床位于滇西北中甸红山一带，其一直被认为是印支期夕卡岩型矿床。新的研究结果表明红山矿区存在两个成矿系统：①与印支期石英二长斑岩有关的夕卡岩型铜多金属成矿系统，其典型矿床是与石榴子石夕卡岩伴生的含铜磁铁矿体与磁黄铁矿体；②与花岗斑岩有关的斑岩型Cu—Mo～Pb—Zn成矿系统，其包括地表喷溢沉积成因的含铁钙硅质岩、可能为流体通道相的Cu—Mo多金属石英网脉与大脉、充填于岩溶洞穴中的层状Pb—Zn矿体、花岗斑岩内部的浸染状Cu—Mo矿化、及岩体外接触带夕卡岩型多金属矿床。含矿石英脉6个辉钼矿样品Re—Os模式年龄介于75．46～78．46Ma之间，等时线年龄为77Ma，红山矿区花岗斑岩型Cu～Mo矿床形成时代为晚白垩世。红山矿区晚白垩世花岗斑岩及其伴生斑岩型Cu—Mo矿床和大规模流体活动是滇西地区晚白垩世区域构造一流体一成矿体系的一部分，其形成与印度亚洲大陆碰撞有关，据此可推断印度～亚洲大陆的碰撞作用及其伴生的大规模成矿作用在77Ma就已开始。红山矿区晚白垩世斑岩型Cu—Mo矿床成矿系统的厘定对于斑岩型矿床成矿流体结构模型和区域成矿与构造学的研究具重要的启示意义。

青海东昆仑托克妥Cu-Au(Mo)矿床含矿斑岩成因:锆石U-Pb年代学和地球化学约束

东昆仑造山带是我国斑岩型矿床的重要成矿区之一。对东昆仑托克妥Cu-Au（Mo）矿床含矿斑岩利用原位LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年和地球化学分析方法,探讨该地区岩体成因以及岩浆作用与成矿作用的深部约束机制。东昆仑托克妥Cu-Au（Mo）矿床含矿二长花岗斑岩年龄为（232.49±0.93）Ma,花岗闪长斑岩年龄为（232.6±1.2）Ma,处于东昆仑碰撞造山阶段。含矿斑岩为二长花岗斑岩和花岗闪长斑岩,具有富硅（w（SiO2）=63.11%~71.78%）、高钾（w（K2O）=2.62%~3.61%）、高镁（w（MgO）=0.52%~1.89%）、低钛（w（TiO2）=0.26%~0.53%）和偏铝质（A/CNK=1.05~1.10）的特征,富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba、K和Pb等,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti和P,属于高钾钙碱性系列的I型花岗岩。研究认为,托克妥Cu-Au（Mo）矿床形成于大陆动力体制下的伸展背景,与阿尼玛卿洋壳岩石圈北向俯冲碰撞有关的俯冲板片断离有关。

鄂东南地区Cu-Au-Mo-(W)矿床的成矿时代及其成矿地球动力学背景探讨:辉钼矿Re-Os同位素年龄

鄂东南地区Cu-Au-Mo-(W)矿床是长江中下游地区金属成矿带的重要组成部分。本文利用Re-Os同位素定年方法对该地区5个典型矿床(丰山洞铜钼金银多金属矿床、阮家湾钨铜钼矿床、千家湾铜金矿床、铜绿山铜铁金钼多金属矿床和铜山口铜钼矿床)进行了成矿时代的研究,获得其辉钼矿Re-Os同位素年龄分别为(144.0±2.1)Ma、(143.6±1.7)Ma、(137.7±1.7)Ma、(137.8±1.7)^(138.1±1.8)Ma和(143.5±1.7)^(142.3±1.8)Ma,代表各矿床的成矿时代。研究结果表明,鄂东南矿集区内的Cu-Au-Mo-(W)矿床与铜陵、安庆、九瑞矿集区内的矿床几乎是同时形成的,成矿时代可能主要集中于(140±5)Ma,相当于晚侏罗世-早白垩世。在综合已有的岩石学、地球化学和地球物理学资料的基础上,笔者认为,这一成矿事件的深部动力学过程可能是处于中国东部南北向印支期构造域向北东向古太平洋构造域大转折的背景下,与软流圈上涌和玄武质岩浆底侵而导致壳幔同熔有关。

西藏驱龙巨型斑岩Cu-Mo矿床的富S、高氧化性含矿岩浆——来自岩浆成因硬石膏的证据

西藏冈底斯成矿带上的驱龙巨型斑岩Cu-Mo矿床以发育大量的硬石膏为特征。详细的岩相学研究发现:驱龙矿床不仅发育热液脉状的硬石膏,含矿斑岩中还产出岩浆成因硬石膏,这在国内系首次报道。观察表明,在岩浆演化早期的花岗闪长岩、黑云母二长花岗岩中,岩浆硬石膏以矿物包体的形式产于斜长石、石英中;在主成矿期的二长花岗斑岩、花岗闪长斑岩中,岩浆硬石膏以矿物包体产于斜长石斑晶中,局部以斑晶形式产出,并伴有富S的磷灰石(SO3含量为0.11%～0.44%)、磁铁矿发育。后期热液活动也形成了大量的硬石膏±石英+硫化物脉,是矿区主要的矿化类型之一。电子探针分析结果显示,后期的热液硬石膏与岩浆硬石膏相比,在微量成分上明显富集Sr(分别为0.24%和0.03%),可能是由于在岩浆-热液演化过程中,Sr的不相容性或者/以及粘土化蚀变造成的。岩浆硬石膏以及与之共生的富S磷灰石的出现,明确指示驱龙矿床成矿岩浆具有富S、高氧逸度的特征;同时也为研究S在斑岩型矿床岩浆演化过程中的状态、行为,提供了很好的研究对象。

巴尔喀什成矿带Cu-Mo-W矿床的辉钼矿Re-Os同位素年龄测定及其地质意义

巴尔喀什成矿带是世界著名的中亚成矿域斑岩型铜钼成矿带,产出许多斑岩型铜钼矿床和一些石英脉-云英岩型钨钼矿床。中亚成矿域可能是一个多核成矿系统,具有以走滑断裂为边界构成的断裂构造体系并受之控制。本文对巴尔喀什成矿带巴尔喀什—阿克沙套地区11件辉钼矿样品进行了Re-Os同位素分析,得到博尔雷大型斑岩型铜(钼)矿床和东科翁腊德、扎涅特、阿克沙套石英脉-云英岩型钨钼矿床的辉钼矿模式年龄(平均值)分别为315.9Ma、298.0Ma、295.0Ma和289.3Ma;其中,东科温腊德、阿克沙套和扎涅特等3个矿床的Re-Os等时线年龄为297.9-+30..949Ma,MSWD值为0.97。辉钼矿Re-Os年龄说明巴尔喀什成矿带Cu-Mo-W成矿作用发生在315.9～289.3Ma期间,Cu-Mo-W矿床的形成可分为两期:一期为斑岩型铜钼矿床,约形成于315.9Ma;另一期为石英脉-云英岩型钨钼矿床,约形成于297.9Ma。根据辉钼矿模式年龄和等时线年龄,推测该地区花岗斑岩和伟晶岩的形成时代与相应的矿床基本同时,均为晚石炭世,属海西期构造岩浆活动的产物。通过与我国境内西、东准噶尔和东天山斑岩铜矿带的对比表明,巴尔喀什成矿带铜钼成矿作用的年龄介于东天山土屋—延东斑岩铜矿与西准噶尔包古图斑岩铜矿之间。分析表明,中亚成矿域大规模斑岩型铜钼成矿作用集中在晚石炭世,属海西晚期构造-岩浆活动的产物。

熔炼工艺对Cu-10Ni-5Mo合金组织和导热性能的影响

采用真空非自耗电弧熔炼和真空高频感应熔炼喷铸成型2种熔炼工艺,制备Cu-10Ni-5Mo合金,研究了熔炼工艺对合金组织和导热性能的影响。结果表明,电弧熔炼制备的合金试样组织晶粒粗大,相组成为α固溶体和少量MoNi相;高频感应熔炼喷射成型工艺制备的合金试样组织晶粒细小,相组成为单相α固溶体。实验条件下,电弧熔炼工艺制备的合金试样热导率为56.9W/(m.K),高频感应熔炼喷射成型工艺制备的合金试样热导率为35.7W/(m.K),2种工艺制备的合金熔点均有提高,但二者相差不大。