Influence of Rare Earth Elements on Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Resistance of Cu-15Ni Alloy

In order to improve the mechanical property and Cl- ＋ S2- corrosion resistance of B15 copper.nickel alloy, Cu.15Ni-xRE （x： 0-0.1% by weight） alloy was prepared by adding rare earth （RE） in melted Cu-15Ni alloy using metal mould casting method. Optical microscopy（ OM）, electronic tensile testing machine, X-ray diffraction （ XRD ）, scanning electron microscope （ SEM ）, and electrochemical testing system were used to analyze mechanical property, corrosion resistance property, and surface microstructure of different treatment samples. The results of OM and tensile testing show that the RE addition can effectively deoxidize the alloy melt and the microstructura of the alloy changes from coarse dendrite to small equlaxed grain. By addition of 0.05 % RE, the tensile strength and elongation of Cu-15Ni alloys are improved from 294 MPa to 340 MPa, and 8 % to 33.5 % respectively. The results of electrochemical testing show that the corrosion resistance of Cu-15Ni alloy is greatly improved by adding proper amount of RE, whereas excess addition of RE worsens the corrosion resistance. The optimum RE content was about 0.05 % by weight. In comparison with the alloy without RE, the corrosion potential and corrosion current density of Cu-15Ni alloy containing proper RE decreased by about - 0. 28 V and 70 A/cm2, respectively.

Effect of Shot Peening on Surface Damage Evolution Behavior of Cu-19Ni Alloy

Shot peening is a surface modification technology with the metal surface nano machine(SNC),which can modify the surface microstructure and extend the fatigue life of Cu-19Ni alloy.The hardness,damage evolution and mechanical properties were investigated and characterized by scanning electron microscope(SEM),laser confocal microscope(LSM)and material surface performance tester(CFT).The results showed that the surface roughness and friction coefficient of Cu-19Ni alloy decreased with the increase of shot peening duration and diameter,while the microhardness and strength increased.Moreover,with the increase in shot peening duration and diameter,SEM observation showed that the fracture dimples became smaller,meanwhile,with the increase of small cleavage planes,shear tearing ridges and the thickness of the surface nano layer,the fracture mode gradually evolved from plastic to brittle fracture.The uniaxial tensile test of shot peened Cu-19Ni alloy was carried out by MTS testing machine combined with digital image correlation technology(DIC).The evolution of Cu-19Ni surface damage was analyzed,and the evolution equations describing the damage of large deformation zone and small deformation zone were established.The effect of shot peening on the damage evolution behavior of Cu-19Ni alloy was revealed.

Effect of Si and Ti on dynamic recrystallization of high-performance Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloy during hot deformation

Effect of Si and Ti on dynamic recrystallization(DRX)of Cu-15Ni-8 Sn alloy was studied using hot compression tests over deformation temperature range of 750-950℃and strain rate range of 0.001-10 s^-1.The results show that the dynamic recrystallization behavior during hot deformation is significantly affected by the trace elements of Si and Ti.The addition of Si and Ti promotes the formation of Ni16Si7Ti6 particles during hot deformation,which promotes the nucleation of dynamic recrystallization by accelerating the transition from low-angle boundaries(LABs)to high-angle boundaries(HABs).Ni16Si7Ti6 particles further inhibit the growth of recrystallized grains through the pinning effect.Based on the dynamic recrystallization behavior,a processing map of the alloy is built up to obtain the optimal processing parameters.Guided by the processing map,a hot-extruded Cu-15 Ni-8Sn alloy with a fine-grained microstructure is obtained,which shows excellent elongation of 30%and ultimate tensile strength of 910 MPa.

Age-hardening behavior and microstructure of Cu-15Ni-8Sn-0.3Nb alloy prepared by powder metallurgy and hot extrusion

Cu-15Ni-8Sn-0.3Nb alloy rods were prepared by means of powder metallurgy followed by hot extrusion.Element maps obtained by electron probe micro analyzer(EPMA)showed that Nb-rich phases were formed and distributed within grains and at grain boundaries of the Cu-15Ni-8Sn-0.3Nb alloy.Transmission electron microscope(TEM)results indicated that there was no obvious orientation relationship between these phases and the matrix.Spinodal decomposition and ordering transformation appeared at early stages of aging at400°C and caused significant strengthening.Cu-15Ni-8Sn-0.3Nb alloy exhibited both higher strength(ultimate tensile strength>1030MPa)and higher tensile ductility(elongation>9.1%)than Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloy after aging treatment.The improvement was caused by Nb-rich phases at grain boundaries which led o the refinement of grain size and postponed the growth of discontinuous precipitates during aging.

Wear map for sliding wear behavior of Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloy against bearing steel under oil-lubricated condition

Wear behaviors of a peak-aged Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloy fabricated by powder metallurgy were investigated.The results indicated that the friction coefficients and the wear rates of Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloy within a normal load range of 50−700 N and a sliding speed range of 0.05−2.58 m/s were less than 0.14 and 2.8×10−6 mm3/mm,respectively.Stribeck-like curve and wear map were developed to describe the oil-lubrication mechanism and wear behavior.The equation of the dividing line between zones of safe and unsafe wear life was determined.Lubricating oil was squeezed into micro-cracks under severe wear conditions.In addition,the lubricating oil reacted with Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloy to generate the corresponding sulfides,which hindered the repair of micro-cracks,promoted cracks growth,and led to delamination.This work has established guidelines for the application of the Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloy under oil-lubricated conditions through developing wear map.

Ageing behavior of Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloy prepared by mechanical alloying

The ageing behavior of the mechanically alloyed Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloy has been studied. Compared with the alloys prepared by casting and rapid solidification, the modulation structure developed during ageing process of those prepared by mechanical alloying is finer and much more uniform, which leads to a higher peak hardness. However, their spinodal decomposition temperature are almost the same. Cold deformation prior to ageing not only accelerates the ageing process but also increases the peak hardness of the alloy.

Effect of applied load on transition behavior of wear mechanism in Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloy under oil lubrication

Tribological behavior of Cu-15Ni-8Sn(mass fraction, %) alloy against GCr15 ring under various loads was investigated on a ring-on-block tester in oil lubrication. The results showed that the wear rate increased slowly from 1.7×10^(-7) to 9.8× 10^(-7) mm^3/mm under the load lower than 300 N, and then increased dramatically to the climax of 216×10^(-7) mm^3/mm under the load over 300 N, which indicated the transition of wear mechanism with the increase of applied load. The wear mechanism mainly was plastic deformation and abrasive wear under the load less than 300 N. As the applied load was more than 300 N, the wear mechanism of Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloy primarily was delamination wear. Besides, the transition can also be confirmed from the different morphologies of worn surface, subsurface and wear debris. It is distinctly indicated that the appearance of flaky debris at the applied load over 300 N may be a critical point for the change of wear mechanism.

Microstructures of spinodal phases in Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloy

The microstructures of spinodal phases in Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloy were studied by TEM. It was found that when the alloy is completely in a as-quenched state, spinodal decomposition is quick. Ordering appears after spinodal decomposition. The ordered phase with DO22 structure has three variants obtained from coarsening spinodal structure. The reason of ordering appeared after spinodal decomposition is that the content of solute atoms needed by ordering is higher than the average, which can be reached by the composition fluctuation of spinodal decomposition. It was speculated that the morphology of the ordered phase is needle-like.

Ti-15Cu-15Ni真空钎焊TiAl合金

在钎焊温度950℃,钎焊时间8～30min条件下,对TiAl/Ti-15Cu-15Ni/TiAl进行了真空钎焊试验,借助SEM、EDS分析和三元相图,探讨了界面微观组织结构,并通过拉伸试验评价了接头强度。研究结果表明,界面反应层由柱状两相区、网状析出区、过渡区、残余钎料区组成。在950℃,15min条件下,接头拉伸强度最高达到295MPa,保温时间延长或缩短,强度下降。

Ti-37.5Zr-15Cu-10Ni钎焊钼的钎缝组织分析

采用Ti-37.5Zr-15Cu-10Ni非晶钎料真空钎焊钼,获得Mo/Mo钎焊接头,研究钎焊过程液态钎料与母材的相互作用.结果表明,液态Ti-37.5Zr-15Cu-10Ni钎料与钼发生扩散–溶解,即母材钼向钎料中的溶解和钎料组分向母材的扩散.随钎焊温度的升高,钼向钎料中溶解量增加,凝固后钼主要固溶在Ti基固溶体内;随钎焊温度的升高,发生钎料组分向母材晶间的扩散,当温度为900℃时,发生显著的晶间渗入现象.为得到良好的钎焊接头,避免母材过量溶解和晶间渗入的发生,Ti-37.5Zr-15Cu-10Ni钎料真空钎焊钼温度不宜高于900℃.

稀土Nd对Ti-25Cu-15Ni钎料润湿性及接头剪切强度的影响

采用真空熔炼法在Ti-25Cu-15Ni钎料合金中添加稀土元素Nd,研究了稀土Nd对Ti-25Cu-15Ni钎料润湿性能、接头剪切强度和断口形貌的影响,通过扫描电镜及XRD射线衍射仪分析了稀土Nd对Ti-25Cu-15Ni钎料和接头以及断口的作用机理。结果表明:适量的稀土Nd可以改善Ti-25Cu-15Ni钎料的铺展性能,当稀土Nd超过0.4%,由于稀土氧化物和稀土化合物NdTi_5的作用,钎料的铺展面积会减小。适量稀土Nd能提高接头的剪切强度,当稀土添加量超过0.4%时,由于过多的稀土阻碍了冶金反应,接头的剪切强度降低。随着稀土Nd添加量的增加,断口特征依次为条带状、片层状和沟槽状。

Effect of rare earths on corrosion resistance of Cu-30Ni alloys in simulated seawater

Cu-30Ni-xRE(x=0–0.213 wt.%) alloy was prepared by adding rare earths(RE) in melted Cu-30Ni alloy using metal mould casting method.The effects of RE on corrosion resistance of the alloy in simulated seawater were investigated using optical microscope,scanning electronic microscope with energy-dispersive spectrometer and electrochemical measurement system.The results showed that the corrosion resistance of Cu-30Ni alloy was greatly improved by adding proper amount of RE,whereas excess addition of RE worsened ...

MICROSTRUCTURE OF MARTENSITE IN Cu-14Al-4Ni ALLOY AGED FOR A PROLONGED TIME AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

The microstrueture in shape memory alloy Cu—14Al—4Ni aged for two years at room temper- ature has been studied,and the substructure slow change has been observed.The domains of highly ordered phase and the transition regions appear at grain boundaries,the twin bounda- ries damage.Furthermore,the microstructure also gives the appearance and growth of antiphase domains like rectangular network.The long period antiphuse boundary structures and the antiphase domains have bee.observed first at the single diffracted vector .The con- centration gradient of solute atom Al has heen found from the matrixes to the grain bounda- ries,the matrixe is poor in Al and the grain boundaries are rich in Al.

EFFECT OF INTERGRANULAR CARBIDES ON CREEP RUPTURE PROPERTIES OF Fe-15Cr-25Ni ALLOY

The intergranular carbides may significantly increase rupture life and ductility of the Fe-15Cr-25Ni alloy.This seems due to the grain boundary sliding and diffusion hindered by precipitation of intergranular carbides,so the nucleation and growth rate of cracks or cavities are reduced.

THE MAGNETORESISTANT BEHAVIOR OF Ni_(85)Fe_(15) ALLOY FILM IMPLANTED BYCo^+

Implanting 1 ×1016 to1 ×1017 Co+/cm2 into Ni85 Fe15 alloy film anditschangesof mag netoresistantcharacters were researched . The results show that Co+ is very spectacular on modifying Ni85 Fe15 alloyfilm’s magnetoresistancecharacters. Atlower dose,theanisotrop ic magnetoresistivity ratio( AMR) and thesaturated magnetic field didn’tchange almost. ATmedium dose, the saturated magnetic field does not have great change either, butits AMRisraised from 1 % upto 3% . Thisiscomparabletothebest AMRvalueof permalloy based magnetoresistant material prepared by other methods. But the ion implantation tech niqueisrathersimpler. Whentheimplanting doseishigher,its AMRisalsoenhanced notice ably. However,theincreaseof saturated field saysthe material’sstructurecharacters have changed radically.

TA15合金表面Ni-SiC复合镀层的摩擦磨损性能

采用共沉积法在TA15合金表面制备了Ni-Si C复合镀层,分析了Ni-Si C复合镀层对基体合金硬度和磨擦磨损性能的影响,并对其摩擦磨损机制进行了讨论。结果表明:所制备的Ni-Si C复合镀层组织致密且与基体结合紧密,硬度明显高于TA15合金基体。摩擦磨损实验结果表明,Ni-Si C复合镀层能为TA15合金提供良好的摩擦磨损抗力,在相同的摩擦条件下,Ni-Si C复合镀层的磨损率明显低于TA15合金。TA15合金与GCr15球和Al2O3球对磨的磨损机制均主要为犁削磨损、粘着磨损,同时伴随有氧化磨损和轻微的磨粒磨损;Ni-Si C复合镀层与GCr15磨球对磨的磨损机制主要为镀层组织的拔出及GCr15钢球在其表面上的涂抹,与Al2O3磨球对磨时的磨损机制主要为疲劳磨损和削层磨损。

Mg69Ni15Gd10Ag6非晶合金对甲基紫的光催化降解性能

为研究Mg69Ni15Gd10Ag6非晶合金对甲基紫染料的光催化降解性能的影响,采用紫外-可见光谱法测定光催化降解过程中甲基紫染料的浓度变化,采用XRD和SEM分析晶体合金与非晶合金在光催化降解反应前后的结构和微观形貌的变化。结果表明:与晶体合金对甲基紫染料的光催化降解效果相比,非晶合金具有稳定、高效的特点。非晶合金在降解10 min时就达到97.6%的光催化降解率,并且在30 min时达到99.1%的光催化降解率;而晶体合金在10 min时仅能达到63.3%的光催化降解率,在光催化降解时间为30 min时,仅达到74.5%的光催化降解率。Mg69Ni15Gd10Ag6非晶合金对甲基紫染料的光催化降解过程为:中心碳原子发生羟基化反应,C=C键断裂生成二苯甲酮。

Effects of nanoscale Sn segregation on corrosion behavior of laser powder bed fusion Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloy

Corrosion resistance of laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloys is crucial towards its practical application in marine engineering.In this work,corrosion behavior of LPBF Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloy was com-prehensively investigated.The results suggest that LPBF Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloy exhibits superior corrosion re-sistance than the conventional casting counterpart and their corrosion behavior is highly associated with Sn segregation.Generally,a triple-layer film will be formed on the surface of LPBF Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloy when being exposed to 3.5 wt%NaCl solution.To be more detailed,the abundance of nanoscale Sn-rich precipitates at the molten pool boundaries promotes the initial formation of a thick inner layer,where Ni and Sn tend to be distributed at inner and outer positions of the layer,respectively.In contrast,the inner layer on molten pools is much thinner ascribed to a lower Sn content,facilitating the earlier nucleation and growth of a compact middle layer that is mainly composed of numerous Cu-rich nanoparticles.At the outmost position,CuO,Cu(OH)_(2) and Ni(OH)_(2) constitute the major composition of the loose layer.The results of this study could contribute to the optimal design and processing of additively manufactured Cu-Ni-Sn alloys.

Contribution to a Comparative Study of the Corrosion Inhibiting Effect of Some Azoles, to Protect the Cu70-30Ni Alloy in Aerated NaCl 3% in Presence of Ammonia

Some azoles were tested such as 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (ATA), 3-4’-bitriazole -1,2,4 (BiTA)and 2-Mercaptobenzimidazole (MBI) against Cu-30Ni alloy corrosion in 3%NaCl polluted by ammonia using potentiodynamic measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and non-electrochemical techniques (scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)) studied surface morphology has been used to characterize electrode surface. This study permitted to follow the evolution of the inhibitory effect of some azoles, on Cu-30Ni alloy corrosion in 3%NaCl polluted by ammonia and indicate that the tested inhibitors act as a good mixed-type inhibitor retarding the anodic and cathodic reactions. An increase of the inhibitors concentration leads to a decrease of corrosion rate and inhibition efficiency increase.

Effect of solidification rate on dendrite segregation and mechanical properties of Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloy prepared by directional solidification

The microstructures and mechanical properties of the directionally solidified Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloy were investigated at solidification rates ranging from 100 to 3000μm/s.The results showed that the solidification rate significantly affects the phase distribution of the as-cast Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloy.The primary and secondary dendritic spacing reduces and eventually becomes stable as the solidification rate increases.Meanwhile,the size of the primary phase decreases,and its distribution becomes more uniform.The most severe segregation problem of this alloy has been greatly improved.Upon solidification at 100μm/s,the as-cast Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloy consists of the α-Cu matrix,γ-CuNi_(2)Sn phase,discontinuous precipitation structure,modulated structure,and DO_(22) ordered phases.However,as the solidification rate increases,the discontinuous precipitation structure,modulated structures,and DO_(22) ordered phases decrease and even disappear,reducing hardness.As the solidification rate increases,after homogenization treatment,the composition and microhardness distributions of Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloy become more uniform.The time for homogenization is also shortened.It reduces production energy usage and facilitates further mechanical processing.