Effects of strain rates on dynamic deformation behavior of Cu-20Ag alloy

Copper alloy is widely used in high-speed railway,aerospace and other fields due to its excellent electrical conductivity and mechanical properties.High speed deformation and dynamic loading under impact load is a complex service condition,which widely exists in the field of national defense,military and industrial application.Therefore,the dynamic deformation behavior of the Cu-20Ag alloy was investigated by Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar(SHPB)with the strain rates of 1000-25000 s^(-1),high-speed hydraulic servo material testing machine with the strain rates of 1-500 s^(-1).The effect of strain rate on flow stress and adiabatic shear sensitivity was analyzed.The results show that the increase of strain rate will increase the flow stress and critical strain,that is to say,the increase of strain rate will reduce the adiabatic shear sensitivity of the Cu-20Ag alloy.The Cu-Ag interface has obvious orientation relationship with;(111)_(Cu)//(111)_(Ag):(^(-)111)_(Cu)//(^(-)111)_(Ag):(^(-)200)_(Cu)//(^(-)200)_(Ag) and [0^(-)11]_(Cu)//[0^(-)11]_(Ag) with the increase of strain rate.The increase of strain rate promotes the precipitation of Ag and increases the number of interfaces in the microstructure,which hinders the movement of dislocations and improves the stress and yield strength of the Cu-20Ag alloy.The concentration and distribution density of dislocations and the precipitation of Ag were the main reasons improve the flow stress and yield strength of the Cu-20Ag alloy.

Influence of Li addition on mechanical property and aging precipitation behavior of A1-3.5Cu-1.5Mg alloy

The influence of Li addition on mechanical property and aging precipitation behavior of Al-3.5Cu-1.5Mg alloy was investigated by tensile test,scanning electron microscopy（SEM）,transmission electron microscopy（TEM） and high resolution transmission electron microscopy（HRTEM）.The results show that the tensile strength can be significantly improved with the slightly decreased ductility and the form of fracture morphology is converted from ductile fracture into ductile/britde mixed fracture by adding 1.0%Li.Besides,the peak aging time at 185 ℃ is delayed from 12 to 24 h and the main precipitation phase S（Al2CuMg） is converted into S＇（Al2CuMg）＋δ（Al3Li）,while the formation of S＇（Al2CuMg） is delayed.

Cu-20Ag合金线材多道次连续拉拔成形及组织演变

为获得合理的Cu-20Ag合金线材连续拉拔工艺及综合性能更为优异的线材质量,基于Deform有限元软件对Cu-20Ag合金线材多道次连续拉拔过程进行了数值模拟研究,获得了等效应力和等效应变的分布信息,利用点追踪功能分析了多道次连续拉拔过程中线材芯部沿径向到圆周表层的应力和应变的变化情况。并对通过多道次连续拉拔实验制备得到的线材进行了显微组织和断口形貌分析,获得了合金的组织演变规律。结果表明:Cu-20Ag线材表层金属的变形程度比芯部更为剧烈,且随着拉拔道次的增加,线材纵截面各处的等效应力和等效应变值都不断增大。经过多道次连续拉拔,线材纵截面的连续纤维组织近似完全平行于轴向,组织间距逐渐变小且越来越密集,线材组织的细化和均匀化程度也得到了明显增加。

冷拉拔变形量对Cu-20 mass%Ag合金线材组织性能的影响

采用三室真空冷型竖引连铸+多道次冷拉拔变形工艺制备了不同线径的Cu-20 mass%Ag合金线材,测试了合金线材在不同变形量下的导电率和抗拉强度,分析了其显微组织的演变规律。结果表明:铸态Cu-20 mass%Ag合金杆坯(ϕ7.84 mm)的导电率为80.3%IACS,抗拉强度为263 MPa;当拉拔变形量达到98.4%(ϕ1 mm),线材的导电率为69.6%IACS,抗拉强度达到889 MPa。铸态Cu-20 mass%Ag合金杆坯的共晶组织在横截面上呈现为连续的网状结构,在纵截面上呈现为鱼骨状。随着变形量的增加,Cu-20 mass%Ag合金的共晶组织沿拉拔方向形成长纤维并沿轴向排列,纤维间距逐渐减小。在拉拔变形过程中,Cu-20 mass%Ag合金的主要强化机制是位错强化和细晶强化。

Cu-20%Ag合金冷拉拔变形过程导电特性研究

通过定向凝固+冷拉拔变形工艺制备了不同线径的Cu-20%Ag(质量分数)合金微细丝线材。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了不同线径的Cu-20%Ag合金线材的微观组织演变,发现在拉拔变形过程中,Cu-20%Ag合金线材内部晶粒不断细化,共晶区域较之铜基体区域更为明显,当真应变为8.13时线材内部的共晶纤维细化至平均宽度500 nm左右。研究了Cu-20%Ag合金冷拉拔变形过程中组织性能的演变规律,探明了其组织演变对导电率变化的影响机理。Cu-20%Ag合金在拉拔变形过程中晶粒的细化和破碎导致的晶界面积增加是导电率降低的主要原因。

Age-hardening behavior and microstructure of Cu-15Ni-8Sn-0.3Nb alloy prepared by powder metallurgy and hot extrusion

Cu-15Ni-8Sn-0.3Nb alloy rods were prepared by means of powder metallurgy followed by hot extrusion.Element maps obtained by electron probe micro analyzer(EPMA)showed that Nb-rich phases were formed and distributed within grains and at grain boundaries of the Cu-15Ni-8Sn-0.3Nb alloy.Transmission electron microscope(TEM)results indicated that there was no obvious orientation relationship between these phases and the matrix.Spinodal decomposition and ordering transformation appeared at early stages of aging at400°C and caused significant strengthening.Cu-15Ni-8Sn-0.3Nb alloy exhibited both higher strength(ultimate tensile strength>1030MPa)and higher tensile ductility(elongation>9.1%)than Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloy after aging treatment.The improvement was caused by Nb-rich phases at grain boundaries which led o the refinement of grain size and postponed the growth of discontinuous precipitates during aging.

Ageing behavior of Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloy prepared by mechanical alloying

The ageing behavior of the mechanically alloyed Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloy has been studied. Compared with the alloys prepared by casting and rapid solidification, the modulation structure developed during ageing process of those prepared by mechanical alloying is finer and much more uniform, which leads to a higher peak hardness. However, their spinodal decomposition temperature are almost the same. Cold deformation prior to ageing not only accelerates the ageing process but also increases the peak hardness of the alloy.

MICROSTRUCTURE OF MARTENSITE IN Cu-14Al-4Ni ALLOY AGED FOR A PROLONGED TIME AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

The microstrueture in shape memory alloy Cu—14Al—4Ni aged for two years at room temper- ature has been studied,and the substructure slow change has been observed.The domains of highly ordered phase and the transition regions appear at grain boundaries,the twin bounda- ries damage.Furthermore,the microstructure also gives the appearance and growth of antiphase domains like rectangular network.The long period antiphuse boundary structures and the antiphase domains have bee.observed first at the single diffracted vector .The con- centration gradient of solute atom Al has heen found from the matrixes to the grain bounda- ries,the matrixe is poor in Al and the grain boundaries are rich in Al.

Effect of T6-treatments on microstructure and mechanical properties of forged Al-4.4Cu-0.7Mg-0.6Si alloy

Transmission electron microscopy(TEM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),hardness tests and tensile tests were performed to investigate the effect of aging on microstructure and mechanical properties of forged Al-4.4Cu-0.7Mg-0.6Si alloy.The results show that the alloy exhibits splendid mechanical properties with an ultimate tensile strength of504MPa and an elongation of10.1%after aging at170°C for16h.With tensile testing temperature increasing to150°C,the strength of the alloy declines slightly to483MPa.Then,the strength drops quickly when temperature reaches over200°C.The high strength of the alloy in peak-aged condition is caused by a considerable amount ofθ'and AlMgSiCu(Q)precipitates.The relatively stable mechanical properties tested below150°C are mainly ascribed to the stability ofθ'precipitates.The growth ofθ'and Q precipitates and the generation ofθphase lead to a rapid drop of the strength when temperature is over150°C.

Cu-20Ag合金冷型竖引连铸结晶器设计

为获得近似轴线方向的凝固组织,对Cu-20Ag合金制定了新型连铸工艺,设计了带保温隔热垫的结晶器,对新型结晶器结构下铸坯的温度场进行有限元模拟及试验验证。结果表明,新型结晶器可实现Cu-20Ag合金的固液界面呈凹型,凝固后铸坯的温度场分布为径向温度梯度沿杆坯长度方向逐渐减小,直到径向温度梯度接近0,此时易形成近似于轴向的柱状晶,模拟结果与试验相符合。

Precipitation Behavior of Cu-1.9Be-0.3Ni-0.15Co Alloy During Aging

In this paper,the evolutions of microstructure and mechanical properties of Cu-l.9Be-0.3Ni-0.15Co alloy were studied.The alloys in the condition of the solution treated（soft state） and 37% cold rolled（hard state） were aged at 320 ℃for different time,respectively.The mechanical properties,electrical conductivity and microstructure of the alloy aged for different time were analyzed.Additionally,the precipitation kinetics of Cu-1.9Be-0.3Ni-0.15Co alloys was investigated.X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy results reveal that both continuous precipitation and discontinuous precipitation existed in the hard-state Cu-l.9Be-0.3Ni-0.15Co alloy during the whole aging process;the sequence of continuous precipitation is G.P.zone →γ″→γ′→γ.Furthermore,the precipitation transformation mechanism of softstate alloy is homogeneous nucleation,while hard-state alloy shows the heterogeneous nucleation（interface nucleation）with the nucleation rate of both states decaying rapidly to zero during aging at 320 ℃.

Tensile Properties and Deformation Behaviors of a New Aluminum Alloy for High Pressure Die Casting

Effects of natural aging and test temperature on the tensile behaviors have been studied for a highperformance cast aluminum alloy Al–10Si–1.2Cu–0.7Mn. Based on self-strengthening mechanism and spheroidization microstructures, the alloy tested at room temperature（RT） exhibits higher 0.2% proof stress（YS） of 206 MPa, ultimate tensile strength（UTS） of 331 MPa and elongation of 10%. Increasing aging time improves the YS and UTS and reduces the ductility of the alloy. Further increasing aging time beyond72 h does not signi？cantly increase the tensile strengths. Increasing test temperature significantly decreases the tensile strengths and increases the ductility of the alloy. The UTS of the alloy can be estimated by using the hardness. The Portevin–Le Chatelier effect occurs at RT due to the interactions between solid solution atoms and dislocations. Similar behaviors occurring at 250℃ are attributed to dynamic strain aging mechanism. Increasing aging time leads to decrease in the strain-hardening exponent（n） value and increase in the strain-hardening coeficient（k） value. Increasing test temperature apparently decreases the n and k values. Eutectic phase particles cracking and debonding determine the fracture mechanism of the alloy. Final failure of the alloy mainly depends on the global instability（high temperature, necking） and local instability（RT, shearing）. Different tensile behaviors of the alloy are mainly attributed to different matrix strengths, phase particle strengths and damage rate.