Cu-4Ni-2Sn-Si合金的铸态组织及均匀化退火工艺的研究

采用OM、SEM、EDS及硬度测试等分析方法研究了Cu-4Ni-2Sn-Si合金的铸态显微组织,以及均匀化退火对合金显微组织及性能的影响。结果表明,铸态Cu-4Ni-2Sn-Si合金的显微组织枝晶发达,合金元素分布不均匀,Sn呈反偏析现象,且室温组织由α-Cu和δ-Ni2Si相组成。随着均匀化退火温度的升高及保温时间的延长,合金元素的分布趋于均匀化,Sn的反偏析现象基本被消除,有大量δ-Ni2Si析出且趋于均匀化分布,均匀化退火效果受温度影响较大。由此建议Cu-4Ni-2Sn-Si合金较佳的均匀化退火条件为850℃×4 h,其硬度值为HB99.5,电导率为16.64%IACS。

Al-Nb-B中间合金对Al-12Si-4Cu-2Ni-1Mg合金组织及性能的影响

采用原位生成法制备了Al-Nb-B中间合金,主要研究了Al-Nb-B中间合金的组织,以及Al-Nb-B中间合金对Al-12Si-4Cu-2Ni-1Mg合金的组织和室温拉伸性能的影响。结果表明,Al-Nb-B中间合金主要含有NbB2、Al3Nb两种颗粒。Al-Nb-B中间合金可以细化Al-12Si-4Cu-2Ni-1Mg合金中的α-Al晶粒,并减小二次枝晶间距,进而提高合金的室温拉伸性能。当Al-Nb-B中间合金添加量为2.5wt%时,α-Al晶粒平均尺寸为128.4μm,二次枝晶间距为11.67μm,相较于基体合金分别减小21.5%和32.3%。随着Al-Nb-B中间合金添加量的增加,Al-Si合金的抗拉强度呈逐渐上升的趋势,当Al-Nb-B中间合金添加量为2.5wt%时,Al-12Si-4Cu-2Ni-1Mg合金的抗拉强度为237 MPa,相较于基体合金增加10.7%。通过断口形貌分析可知,Al-Si合金断裂方式为脆性断裂,断裂机理为解理断裂。

Brazeability evaluation of Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni-Co-Mo filler for vacuum brazing TiAl-based alloy

Ti-47Al-2Nb-2Cr-0.15B(mole fraction,%)alloy was vacuum brazed with amorphous and crystalline Ti.25Zr-12.5Cu-12.5Ni-3.0Co-2.0Mo(mass fraction,%)filler alloys,and the melting,spreading and gap filling behaviors of the amorphous and crystalline filler alloys as well as the joints brazed with them were investigated in details.Results showed that the amorphous filler alloy possessed narrower melting temperature interval,lower liquidus temperature and melting active energy compared with the crystalline filler alloy,and it also exhibited better brazeability on the surface of the Ti.47Al.2Nb.2Cr.0.15B alloy.The TiAl joints brazed with crystalline and amorphous filler alloys were composed of two interfacial reaction layers and a central brazed layer.Under the same conditions,the tensile strength of the joint brazed with the amorphous filler alloy was always higher than that with the crystalline filler alloy.The maxmium tensile strength of the joint brazed at 1273 K with the amorphous filler alloy reached 254 MPa.

固溶时效对Cu-4Ni-2Sn-Si合金组织及其性能的影响

采用OM、XRD、导电率和硬度测试等分析方法研究了固溶时效工艺对Cu-4Ni-2Sn-Si合金的显微组织及性能的影响。结果表明,热轧态Cu-4Ni-2Sn-Si合金中未溶解的第二相Ni2Si颗粒随着固溶温度的升高逐渐回溶,且发生再结晶,再结晶晶粒逐渐长大。当温度升高至900℃时,第二相粒子基本回溶到合金基体中。经时效处理后,合金的硬度受到析出相与再结晶的交互作用的影响。当时效温度低于450℃时,硬度值随时效时间的延长呈现先增大后减小的趋势;而时效温度升高至500℃时,合金硬度值随时效时间的延长而逐渐下降。而导电率则随时效时间的延长一直保持增大的趋势。热轧态Cu-4Ni-2Sn-Si合金经900℃×1 h固溶处理+68%冷轧变形+450℃×6 h时效处理后获得较优的综合性能,其硬度值为225 HB,导电率为24.5%IACS。

基于数值模拟的通海阀铜合金铸件工艺优化

针对某船舶通海阀在铸造过程中易产生缩孔、缩松等缺陷问题,以Cu-7Ni-7Al-4Fe-2Mn合金通海阀铸件为研究对象,使用三维制图软件UG构建了铸件3D模型,并结合通海阀铸件的结构特性,设计了底注式浇注系统。利用数值模拟软件模拟了铸件的砂型铸造过程,分析了可能出现缩孔、缩松缺陷的位置,优化了通海阀铸件的浇注系统。研究了浇注温度、浇注时间、铸型预热温度等参数对铸件缩孔、缩松率的影响规律,结合正交试验方法优化出匹配的铸造工艺参数。研究结果表明,工艺参数对通海阀铸件缩孔率的影响程度从大到小依次是浇注时间、铸型预热温度、浇注温度。优化后的工艺参数分别为浇注温度1 200℃,浇注时间30 s,铸型预热温度35℃。通过在铸造缺陷较多的部位增大冒口尺寸,有效减少了缩孔、缩松铸造缺陷的产生。

Cu-1.4Ni-1.2Co-0.6Si合金的析出与再结晶的交互行为

通过对施加30%～70%的冷变形量的Cu-1.4Ni-1.2Co-0.6Si合金时效过程中的显微硬度及导电率规律分析和透射电镜观察,发现固溶合金时效前冷变形可加速时效初期第二相析出,导电率得以快速上升。如合金经过30%形变400℃时效1 h后导电率可达43%IACS,而固溶后直接时效为40.7%IACS。经过冷轧-时效后,沿位错分布着许多细小的析出相,使位错在时效过程中运动困难,同时合金内形成了高密度的位错,析出相弥散细小分布在基体中,故可以获得较高的显微硬度,如经30%形变于400℃时效2 h其显微硬度可达HV223,而未加形变直接时效合金的显微硬度为HV202。形变析出与再结晶过程中再结晶时间tR和时效析出时间tP取决于形变量和时效制度,在一定的形变量和较高的时效温度的条件下,合金内晶粒易发生再结晶。合金70%变形500℃时效2 h,由于基体中产生高密度的位错,会降低再结晶激活能QR,故在显微组织中发现了亚晶粒,从而降低了合金的强化效果,此时其显微硬度为HV206。该合金在450℃时效处理时组织转变主要有两种：一是第二相弥散分布在铜基体中;另一种是析出与再结晶交互作用而产生的不连续析出。

热处理对Cu-0.4Co-0.2Ni-0.2Sn铜合金组织与性能的影响

采用下引式真空连铸法制备了Cu-0. 4Co-0. 2Ni-0. 2Sn铜合金,利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射仪等测试手段,研究了热处理对Cu-0. 4Co-0. 2Ni-0. 2Sn铜合金微观组织、强度和导电率的影响。结果表明,铜合金铸态晶粒粗大,基体由Cu-Sn组成;热处理后由Co、Ni组成的第二相大量析出;随着热处理温度的升高,合金的强度先上升后下降,500℃时达到峰值521 MPa;铜合金的电阻率先降低后略微增加,500℃时达到最小值0. 02 257×10-6Ω·m。

Microstructure and properties of ultra-fine tungsten heavy alloys prepared by mechanical alloying and electric current activated sintering

The microstructure and properties of the 93W-4Ni-2Co-1Fe(mass fraction,%) tungsten heavy alloys prepared by mechanical alloying and electric current activated sintering from mixed elemental powders were investigated.After 15 h milling,the average W grain size in the powders is decreased to 120 nm.For the powders milled for 15 h,the density,hardness and transverse rupture strength of the alloys sintered only by an intensive pulse electric current are the maximum.When the total sintering time keeps constant,the properties of the sintered alloys can be obviously improved by optimizing the sintering time of pulse-and constant-currents.A bulk ultrafine alloy with an average W grain size of about 340 nm can be obtained by sintering 15 h-milled powders in a total sintering time of 6 min.The corresponding sintered density,hardness and transverse rupture strength reach 16.78 g /cm3,HRA84.3 and 968 MPa,respectively.

Effects of Y2O3 on the microstructure and mechanical properties ofspark plasma sintered fine-grained W-Ni-Mn alloy

Fine-grained W-Ni-Mn-YOalloys were fabricated by mechanical alloying-assisted spark plasma sintering(SPS), and the effects of YOcontent on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloys were studied. Fine-grained 90 W-6 Ni-4 Mn-YOalloys with uniform microstructure and excellent properties were prepared by SPS at 1150 ℃. The addition of trace YOinhibited the sintering densification process and refined the W grain size. The average W grain size decreased from 5.5 μm to 2.1 μm.The fracture mode changed from W grain transgranular fracture and W-W interface fracture to W-W and W-Matrix phase interface fracture. The Rockwell hardness and bending strength of alloys initially increased and then decreased with increasing YOcontent. The optimum comprehensive mechanical properties(Rockwell hardness and bending strength) of the alloys were obtained at the same time when the mass fraction of YOwas 0.4%.

Corrosion behavior of Ce-doped Ni-10Cu-11Fe-6Al(wt%) inert anode in molten CaCl_2 salt

In this research the effect of cerium dopingon corrosion behavior of Ni-10 Cu-11 Fe-6 Al(wt%) alloy as a novel inert anode in titanium electrolytic production was investigated. The samples, including un-doped and Ce-doped nickel-based alloys, were prepared using vacuum induction melting(VIM) process and then exposed to the electrolysis in molten calcium chloride at 900C at à1.6 V versus graphite reference electrode for different immersion time. The surface and cross-section of the samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy(SEM), and their electrochemical behavior was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS). The results show that the un-doped samples have greater number of voids and porosities as compared to that of the 0.0064 wt% Ce-doped samples(as the optimum content of cerium in the alloy). Thus, the nickel-based alloy becomes less sensitive to the pitting by addition of cerium. The corrosion penetration depth reaches about 244 mm after 16 h of electrolysis in the un-doped sample, while was approximately 103 mm for the 0.0064 wt% Ce-doped sample, which is an indication that the corrosion penetration depth decreases by adding small amounts of Ce.

基于ProCAST的铜合金舷侧阀体铸造工艺优化

针对Cu-7Ni-7Al-4Fe-2Mn合金电液舷侧阀铸造过程中易产生缩松、缩孔缺陷的情况,基于ProCAST软件模拟了电液舷侧阀阀体的铸造过程,预测原始工艺铸造过程中阀体产生缩松、缩孔等铸造缺陷的区域以及体积。发现大部分缺陷分布于法兰盘处,此时铸件缺陷体积为195.33 cm^(3)。根据模拟结果,提出了增大冒口尺寸以及增设冷铁的优化方案,优化后阀体的缩松、缩孔缺陷体积减小了97.5%。采用优化后的电液舷侧阀铸造工艺进行试验验证,获得了品质较好的铸件,验证了优化方案的合理性。