Recent progress on fabrication, spectroscopy properties, and device applications in Sn-doped CdS micro-nano structures

One-dimensional semiconductor materials possess excellent photoelectric properties and potential for the construction of integrated nanodevices. Among them, Sn-doped CdS has different micro-nano structures, including nanoribbons,nanowires, comb-like structures, and superlattices, with rich optical microcavity modes, excellent optical properties, and a wide range of application fields. This article reviews the research progress of various micrometer structures of Sn-doped CdS, systematically elaborates the effects of different growth conditions on the preparation of Sn-doped CdS micro-nano structures, as well as the spectral characteristics of these structures and their potential applications in certain fields. With the continuous progress of nanotechnology, it is expected that Sn-doped CdS micro-nano structures will achieve more breakthroughs in the field of optoelectronics and form cross-integration with other fields, jointly promoting scientific, technological, and social development.

Effect of brazing temperature on microstructure and tensile strength ofγ-TiAl joint vacuum brazed with micro-nano Ti−Cu−Ni−Nb−Al−Hf filler

A novel micro-nano Ti−10Cu−10Ni−8Al−8Nb−4Zr−1.5Hf filler was used to vacuum braze Ti−47Al−2Nb−2Cr−0.15B alloy at 1160−1220℃ for 30 min.The interfacial microstructure and formation mechanism of TiAl joints and the relationships among brazing temperature,interfacial microstructure and joint strength were emphatically investigated.Results show that the TiAl joints brazed at 1160 and 1180℃ possess three interfacial layers and mainly consist of α_(2)-Ti_(3)Al,τ_(3)-Al_(3)NiTi_(2) and Ti_(2)Ni,but the brazing seams are no longer layered and Ti_(2)Ni is completely replaced by the uniformly distributed τ_(3)-Al_(3)NiTi_(2) at 1200 and 1220℃ due to the destruction of α_(2)-Ti_(3)Al barrier layer.This transformation at 1200℃ obviously improves the tensile strength of the joint and obtains a maximum of 343 MPa.Notably,the outward diffusion of Al atoms from the dissolution of TiAl substrate dominates the microstructure evolution and tensile strength of the TiAl joint at different brazing temperatures.

Effect of Micro-electrolysis and Micro-nano Bubbles Coupled with Peroxymonosulfate Treatment of Rural Domestic Sewage

With the continuous deepening of rural revitalization strategy and the increasingly strict sewage discharge standards,rural domestic sewage treatment technology is facing higher challenges and requirements.The combined process of micro-electrolysis+micro-nano bubbles coupled with peroxymonosulfate was constructed in this study,and the treatment effect and application value of this technology were explored with the actual rural domestic sewage as the treatment object.The experimental results showed that under the conditions of HRT of 120 min,PMS dosage of 0.15 mmol/L,pH=7,MBs air intake of 15 ml/min,current intensity of 15 A,and Fe/C mass ratio of 1:1,the removal rates of COD,ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus can reach 88.55%,77.18%and 74.67%,respectively.Under the condition that the pH value of sewage was not adjusted,the non-biochemical simultaneous decarbonization,denitrification and phosphorus removal of rural domestic sewage can be achieved by micro-electrolysis and micro-nano bubbles coupled with peroxymonosulfate.The concentrations of effluent COD,ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus met the requirements of the first level standard of the Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Rural Domestic Sewage Treatment Facilities(DB45T2413-2021).And the comprehensive operating cost was about 1.15 yuan/m 3.

Synergistic Treatment of Low-concentration Organic Waste Gas by Micro-nano Bubble Coordinated with Peroxymonosulfate

Continuous dynamic experiment was conducted for the treatment of low-concentration organic waste gas with xylene as a representative, using micro-nano bubble and peroxymonosulfate working in synergy. The degradation rule of xylene under different conditions such as the ORP value of the spray liquid, pH value of the spray liquid, liquid-gas ratio of the spray liquid, residence time of xylene, and initial concentration of xylene was investigated. The results showed that at a low concentration, the pH value of the spray liquid had little effect on the degradation rate of xylene. The degradation rate of xylene rose with the increase of the ORP value of the spray liquid, the liquid-gas ratio of the spray liquid, the residence time of xylene, and the initial concentration of xylene.

Cu-In双金属电极催化烯丙基氯电羧化

以烯丙基氯和CO_(2)为原料、Cu-In复合材料为工作电极、Mg为牺牲阳极,在一室型电解池中常温常压恒电流下电解合成3-丁烯酸。其中,Cu-In复合材料采用电镀方法制备,并利用XRD、SEM和EDX表征。为提高目标产物3-丁烯酸的产率,本文分析了阴极材料电镀时间、溶剂、支持电解质、电流密度、通电量和温度等因素对烯丙基氯电羧化反应的影响。在25℃反应温度、90 min Cu-In复合材料电镀时间、MeCN溶剂、四乙基碘化铵(TEAI)支持盐、3.0 F/mol电解电量、8 mA·cm^(2)电流密度的优化条件下,3-丁烯酸的产率可达56%。此外,在优化条件下还考察了烯丙基溴、肉桂基氯、肉桂基溴、3-氯-2-甲基丙烯等烯丙基卤代物的电羧化反应,结果表明均可得到相应的羧酸,意味着Cu-In双金属电极对催化烯丙基卤代物电羧化反应具一定的普适性。

Cu-In合金的制备和表征

使用感应熔炼法制备Cu-In合金,并尝试使用单辊甩带法制备连续均匀的Cu-In合金薄带,利用XRD,SEM和EDS对制得的Cu-In合金进行表征。结果表明:Cu-In合金凝固过程存在偏析现象,合金内部呈现出不连续的富Cu区域和连续的富In区域,并且在富In区域中心部位存在着许多细小裂纹,单质In仅存在于裂纹周围。感应熔炼的Cu-In合金具有Cu11In9和In混合物相结构,它为研究CuInSe2薄膜太阳电池提供了一种新材料;但使用单辊甩带法无法制备In含量为55%(摩尔分数)的连续均匀Cu-In合金薄带。

Cu-In体系的热力学优化

评估了Cu-In体系的相平衡和热力学实验结果,并对体系进行了热力学优化。采用替代模型描述体系的液相和富铜固溶体相,双亚晶格模型描述线性化合物相,三亚晶格模型描述非线性化合物相,结合选取合理的实验数据,优化得到Cu-In体系各相的热力学参数,用优化结果计算的相图以及热力学性质与实验结果吻合。

CIS薄膜太阳能电池Cu-In前驱膜结构相变研究

为考察CIS薄膜太阳能电池Cu-In前驱膜结构相变规律,采用电沉积法制备Cu-In前驱膜,并对前驱膜进行真空退火热处理。采用SEM和EDS观察并分析了薄膜的表面形貌和成分,采用XRD表征薄膜组织结构。结果表明,Cu-In前驱膜以CuIn,CuIn2和Cu混合相存在;157℃真空退火10min,发生第一次相变生成Cu11In9相;310℃真空退火10min,发生第二次相变生成Cu7In3相。富Cu的Cu-In前驱膜结构相变受动力学边界条件所控制。

超声电沉积制备Cu-In合金膜

采用超声电沉积-热处理两步法和超声共沉积一步法在钼基底上制备了致密的Cu-In合金薄膜。分别用SEM,EDS和XRD分析了Cu/In双层膜以及Cu-In合金膜的表面形貌、成分及相组成。结果表明:采用不同的电沉积工艺参数可以调节合金膜的Cu/In比率;超声电沉积可以得到晶粒细小、均匀致密的Cu,In以及Cu-In合金薄膜;两步法中超声电沉积得到的双层膜为CuIn和Cu或In相,经过热处理后转变为Cu11In9和Cu或In相;一步法超声共沉积得到的合金膜主要为CuIn相,根据Cu/In比率的不同,还会含有少量的Cu11In9或In相。

共溅射法制备Cu-In合金膜及电学性能分析

采用共溅射方法制备了 Cu-In合金膜 ,并讨论了 Cu-In合金膜的结构、电学性能以及溅射时间对 Cu-In合金膜的结构及电学性能的影响 .结果显示 ,Cu-In合金膜仅有单峰 ,多晶晶面间距不随着膜厚的增加而改变 .用费 -桑理论对 Cu-In合金薄膜的电学性质进行了分析 ,临界厚度的讨论结果表明 ,溅射 3～ 4min是面电阻的转变点 。

Advances in memristor based artificial neuron fabrication-materials,models,and applications

Spiking neural network(SNN),widely known as the third-generation neural network,has been frequently investigated due to its excellent spatiotemporal information processing capability,high biological plausibility,and low energy consumption characteristics.Analogous to the working mechanism of human brain,the SNN system transmits information through the spiking action of neurons.Therefore,artificial neurons are critical building blocks for constructing SNN in hardware.Memristors are drawing growing attention due to low consumption,high speed,and nonlinearity characteristics,which are recently introduced to mimic the functions of biological neurons.Researchers have proposed multifarious memristive materials including organic materials,inorganic materials,or even two-dimensional materials.Taking advantage of the unique electrical behavior of these materials,several neuron models are successfully implemented,such as Hodgkin–Huxley model,leaky integrate-and-fire model and integrate-and-fire model.In this review,the recent reports of artificial neurons based on memristive devices are discussed.In addition,we highlight the models and applications through combining artificial neuronal devices with sensors or other electronic devices.Finally,the future challenges and outlooks of memristor-based artificial neurons are discussed,and the development of hardware implementation of brain-like intelligence system based on SNN is also prospected.

硫化对Cu-In预制膜微结构的影响

采用电沉积-硫化法制备了CuInS2薄膜,考察了硫源温度对CuInS2薄膜微结构的影响,并分析了硫化过程中的反应动力学。采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和能谱仪（EDS）观察并分析了薄膜的表面形貌和组分,采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）表征了薄膜的组织结构。结果表明,硫化过程的生长动力学不同于硒化过程,CuInS2薄膜的生长遵循扩散机制,当硫源温度在300～340℃之间,均可制得单一黄铜矿相结构且沿（112）面择优取向生长的CuInS2薄膜,且硫源温度为340℃制备的CuInS2薄膜均匀、致密,晶粒尺寸约为1μm,适合于制备CIS薄膜太阳能电池吸收层。

Modification of Nano-α-Al2O3 and Its Influence on the Surface Properties of Waterborne Polyurethane Resin Composite Passivation Films

Silane coupling agent KH560 was used to modify the surface of nano-α-Al2O3 in ethanol-aqueous solution with different proportions. The particle size of nano-α-Al2O3 was determined by nano-particle size analyzer, and the effects of nano-α-Al2O3 content, ethanol-aqueous solution ratio and KH560 dosage on the dispersion and particle size of nano-α-Al2O3 were investigated. The material structure before and after modification was determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Aqueous polyurethane resin and inorganic components are combined with modified nano-α-Al2O3 dispersion to form chromium-free passivation solution. The solution is coated on the galvanized sheet, the adhesion and surface hardness are tested, the bonding strength of the coating and the surface hardness of the substrate are discussed. The corrosion resistance and surface morphology of the matrix were investigated by electrochemical test, neutral salt spray test and scanning electron microscope test. The chromium-free passivation film formed after the modification of nano-α-Al2O3 increases the surface hardness of galvanized sheet by about 85%. The corrosion resistance of the film is better than that of a single polyurethane film. The results show that the surface hardness and corrosion resistance of polyurethane resin composite passivation film are significantly improved by the introduction of nano-α-Al2O3.

Cu-In系中Cu_(11)In_9相的生长动力学研究

采用电沉积方法在Cu基底上制备一层In薄膜得到Cu-In扩散偶。将扩散偶在T=453K、503K和553K时分别进行t=20min、40min、60min和90min的热处理。实验结果表明,在Cu-In扩散偶界面形成了不同厚度的金属间化合物层Cu_(11)In_9相;将Cu_(11)In_9相的厚度与热处理时间的关系按经验公式进行拟合,得到比例常数k和生长速率时间指数n;k和n值的大小表明,金属间化合物Cu_(11)In_9相层的生长速率受扩散和固态铜在液态铟中的溶解共同控制。

硒化共溅射Cu-In合金法制备CuInSe_2多晶薄膜

用共溅射方法和固态源硒化法 ,分别合成了 Cu- In合金膜和 Cu In Se2 (CIS)多晶薄膜 ,并用XRD,SEM和霍尔效应测量技术 ,分别测量了两种薄膜的结构、表面形貌及其电学性质 .分析结果显示 ,Cu- In合金膜仅有单峰 ,晶面间距约 2 .13A,CIS薄膜的几个主峰与 PDF卡中的数据对应得很好 ,并且 (112 )峰有择优取向 .CIS样品的电学参数随着 Cu/ In比例和基片种类的不同而变化 ,面电阻从几个到几十个 Ω/□ ,面载流子浓度达 10 18/ cm2数量级 ,迁移率在 0 .1～ 3.0 cm2 / V.s之间 .并讨论了 Cu/ In比例对两种薄膜性质的影响 ,分析结果显示 ,In占总溅射面积的 3%是 Cu/In比例的转折点 .此时 ,CIS薄膜的结构、PN导电类型都有明显变化 。

Micro-nanostructural designs of bifunctional electrocatalysts for metal-air batteries

Water-based rechargeable metal-air batteries play an important role in the storage and conversion of renewable electric energy.However,the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)have limited the practical application of rechargeable metal-air batteries.Most of reviews were focused on single functional electrocatalysts while few on bifunctional electrocatalysts.It is indispensable but challenging to design a bifunctional electrocatalyst that is active and stable to the two reactions.Recently,attempts to develop high active bifunctional electrocatalysts for both ORR and OER increase rapidly.Much work is focused on the micro-nano design of advanced structures to improve the performance of bifunctional electrocatalyst.Transition-metal materials,carbon materials and composite materials,and the methods developed to prepare micro-nano structures,such as electrochemical methods,chemical vapor deposition,hydrothermal methods and template methods are reported in literatures.Additionally,many strategies,such as adjustments of electronic structures,oxygen defects,metal-oxygen bonds,interfacial strain,nano composites,heteroatom doping etc.,have been used extensively to design bifunctional electrocatalysts.To well understand the achievements in the recent literatures,this review focuses on the micro-nano structural design of materials,and the related methods and strategies are classed into two groups for the improvement of intrinsic and apparent activities.The fine adjustment of nano structures and an in-depth understanding of the reaction mechanism are also discussed briefly.

Adsorption of phenol from aqueous solution by a hierarchical micro-nano porous carbon material

A hierarchical micro-nano porous carbon material (MNC) was prepared using expanded graphite (EG), sucrose, and phosphoric acid as raw materials, followed by sucrose-phosphoric acid solution impregnation, solidification, carbonization and activation. Nitrogen adsorption and mercury porosimetry show that mixed nanopores and micropores coexist in MNC with a high specific surface area of 1978 m2·g-1 and a total pore volume of 0.99 cm3·g-1. In addition, the MNC is found to consist of EG and activated carbon with the latter deposited on the interior and the exterior surfaces of the EG pores. The thickness of the activated carbon layer is calculated to be about one hundred nanometers and is further confirmed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission election microscope (TEM). A maximum static phenol adsorption of 241.2 mg·g-1 was obtained by using MNC, slightly higher than that of 220.4 mg·g-1 by using commercial activated carbon (CAC). The phenol adsorption kinetics were investigated and the data fitted well to a pseudo-second-order model. Also, an intra-particle diffusion mechanism was proposed. Furthermore, it is found that the dynamic adsorption capacity of MNC is nearly three times that of CAC. The results suggest that the MNC is a more efficient adsorbent than CAC for the removal of phenol from aqueous solution.

Superamphiphobic, light-trapping FeSe2 particles with a micro-nano hierarchical structure obtained by an improved solvothermal method

Wettability and the light-trapping effect of FeSe2 particles with a micro-nano hierarchical structure have been inves- tigated. Particles are synthesized by an improved solvothermal method, wherein hexadecyl trimetbyl ammonium bromide （CTAB） is employed as a surfactant. After modifying the particles with heptadecafluorodecyltrimethoxy-silane （HTMS）, we find that the water contact angle （WCA） of the FeSe2 particles increases by 6.1~ and the water sliding angle （WSA） decreases by 2.5~ respectively, and the diffuse reflectivity decreases 29.4% compared with similar FeSe2 particles synthe- sized by the conventional method. The growth process of the particles is analyzed and a growth scenario is given. Upon altering the PH values of the water, we observe that the superhydrophobic property is maintained quite consistently across a wide PH range of 1-14. Moreover, the modified particles were also found to be superoleophobic. To the best of our knowledge, there is no systematic research on the wettability of FeSe2 particles, so our research provides a reference for other researchers.

Perforated nitrogen-rich graphene-like carbon nanolayers supported Cu-In catalyst for boosting CO_(2) electroreduction to CO

The combination of a powerful CO_(2)-enriching carrier and robust active component provides a new idea for the construction of efficient catalysts for electrocatalytic CO_(2)reduction.Herein,novel perforated nitrogen-rich graphene-like carbon nanolayers(PNGC)are prepared from biomass derivatives,which promotes the oriented deposition of In-doped Cu_(2)(OH)_(3)(NO_(3))nanosheet patches.A robust Cu-In/PNGC composite catalyst is then obtained via simple in-situ electrochemical reduction.Unsurprisingly,CuIn/PNGC exhibits a CO Faradaic efficiency(FECO)of 91.3%and a remarkable CO partial current density(jCO)of 136.4 m A cm^(-2)at a moderate overpotential of 0.59 V for electrocatalytic CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR).DFT calculations and experimental studies indicate that the strong carrier effect of PNGC makes PNGC carried Cu-In nanosheets improved the adsorption capacity of CO_(2)gas,reconfigured electronic structure,and reduced free energy of key intermediate formation,thereby the CO_(2)activation and conversion are promoted.

Boosted Storage Kinetics in Thick Hierarchical Micro-Nano Carbon Architectures for High Areal Capacity Li-Ion Batteries

A practical and effective approach to increase the energy storage capacity of lithium ion batteries(LIBs)is to boost their areal capacity.Developing thick electrodes is one of the most crucial ways to achieve high areal capacity but limited by sluggish ion/electron transport,poor mechanical stability,and high-cost manufacturing strategies.Here we address these constraints by engineering a unique hierarchical-networked 10 mm thick all-carbon electrode,providing a scalable strategy to produce high areal capacity LIB electrodes.The hierarchical-networked structure utilizes micrometer-sized carbon fibers(MCFs)as building blocks,nano-sized carbon nanotubes(CNTs)as good continuous network with excellent electrical conductivity,and pyrolytic carbon as the binder and active material with excellent storage capacity.The combination of the above features endows our HNT-MCF/CNT/PC electrode with excellent performance including high reversible capacity of 15.44 mAh cm^(-2) at 2.0 mA cm^(-2) and exhibits excellent rate capability of 2.50 mAh cm^(-2) under 10.0 mA cm^(-2) current density.The Li-ion storage mechanism in HNT-MCF/CNT/PC involves dual-storage mechanism including intercalation and surface adsorption(pseudocapacitance)confirmed by the cyclic voltammetry and symmetric cell analysis.This work provides insights into the construction of high mechanical stability thick electrode for the next generation high areal capacity LIBs and beyond.