Higher Chilling-Tolerance of Grafted-Cucumber Seedling Leaves upon Exposure to Chilling Stress

The roots of figleaf gourd （Cucurbita ficifolia, as rootstock） could improve the resistance of cucumber plants （Cucumis sativus L. cv. Jinyan 4, as scion） to low temperature. In this experiment, the root activity and photosynthetic activity of photosystems in the own-rooted and grafted-cucumber plants were studied at chilling temperature （4℃） under low irradiance （100 μmol m^2 s^-1 PFD）. Compared with dark adaptation seedlings, the chlorophyll a fluorescence transient curve and the oxidizable P700 （P700＋） of both the own-rooted and grafted seedlings decreased, and PS2 and PS1 of the own-rooted seedling leaves were more inhibited than that of grafted ones at the end of chilling stress. The reduced triphenyltetrazolium chloride （TTC）, which was used to reflect the root activity, kept stable in grafted seedling roots at the end of chilling stress, while it decreased noticeably in the own-rooted seedling roots. These results implied that the root system activity of the grafted seedling roots was higher than that of the own-rooted ones. Superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity was higher in both the grafted seedling roots and leaves than that in own-rooted seedlings at both room temperature and chilling temperature. Upon exposure to chilling stress, the malondialdehyde （MDA） content, which reflects the degree of lipid peroxidation, increased markedly in the own-rooted seedling roots and leaves and kept stable in the grafted-cucumber seedlings.

Melatonin treatment induces chilling tolerance by regulating the contents of polyamine,γ-aminobutyric acid,and proline in cucumber fruit

The mechanism of melatonin(MT)induced chilling tolerance in harvested cucumber fruit was investigated at commercial maturity.In this study,cucumber fruits were treated with 100μmol L^(-1) MT at 4℃ and 90% relative humidity for 15 d of storage.In comparison with the control,cucumber treatment with MT resulted in reduced chilling injury(CI),decreased electrolyte leakage and enhanced firmness.The fruits treated with MT showed higher chlorophyll contents in storage conditions with suppressed chlorophyllase enzyme activity.MT treatment increased arginine decarboxylase(ADC)and ornithine decarboxylase(ODC)enzyme activities.Moreover,enhanced expression of the Cucumis sativus ADC(CsADC)and C.sativus ODC(CsODC)genes resulted in the accumulation of polyamine contents.Similarly,proline levels exhibited higher levels among treated fruits.Meanwhile,the proline synthesizing enzymes △1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate syntheses(P5CS)and ornithine aminotransferase(OAT)were significantly increased,while a catabolic enzyme of proline dehydrogenase(PDH)activity was inhibited by treatment.In addition,MT induced expression of C.sativus OAT(CsOAT)and C.sativus P5CS(CsP5CS)genes.Cucumber fruits treated with MT also exhibited higher γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA)content by enhanced GABA transaminase(GABA-T)and glutamate decarboxylase(GAD)enzyme activities and a higher C.sativus GAD(CsGAD)gene expression.To sum up,the results show that MT treatment enhanced chilling tolerance,which was associated with the regulation of polyamines,as well as proline and γ-aminobutyric acid.

Chilling Tolerance of Cucumber During Germination is Related to Expression of Lysine Decarboxylase Gene

Using cDNA-AFLP technique, a specific fragment was isolated from cucumber cultivar Changchun mici possessing chilling tolerance induced at low temperature （15℃）. This fragment, named cctr 132, could not be induced in the chilling sensitive cucumber cultivar Beijing jietou. After recovering the fragment, sequencing and translating, the results of blastx and blastp in GenBank of NCBI indicated that CCTR132 had 88.37% identities and 100% positives with Oryza sativa putative lysine decarboxylase-like protein respectively, and PGGXGTXXE, the putative conserved domain of lysine decarboxylase family, was detected from CCTR132, suggesting the cucumber chilling tolerance during germination is related to the expression of the lysine decarboxylase gene.

Exogenous melatonin improves the chilling tolerance and preharvest fruit shelf life in eggplant by affecting ROS-and senescence-related processes

Low temperature is the most common abiotic stress factors during the eggplant cultivation in solar greenhouses.Melatonin plays important roles in plant resistance to low temperature.However,the role of melatonin in regulating chilling tolerance and extending the preharvest shelf life of eggplant fruits is still unknown.In this study,we investigated the effects of exogenous melatonin on eggplant plants and fruits in response to low temperature.Under simulated low-temperature conditions,exogenous melatonin significantly relieved the chilling symptoms of seedlings by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and relative leakage rates.These reductions were caused by higher superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities and increased endogenous polyamine and melatonin levels compared with those in untreated seedlings.Notably,the expression levels of SOD,CAT1/2,and polyamine synthesis genes (ADC and ODC) were also increased by 100μmol·L~(-1)melatonin,as well as those of genes involved in melatonin synthesis (TDC,T5H,SNAT,ASMT,and COMT) and cold regulation (COR1,CBFa/b,and ZAT2/6/12).To further investigate the effects of melatonin on eggplant leaves and fruits under natural low temperature conditions,100μmol·L~(-1)melatonin was sprayed on the functional leaves at three days before commodity maturation.Melatonin significantly alleviated chilling injury in the leaves and pericarp and extended the preharvest shelf life of the fruit by increasing the expression of COR1,CBF,ZAT2/6/12,and API5 and decreasing the expression of senescence-related genes (NCED1/2 and SAG12).Therefore,100μmol·L~(-1)melatonin improved chilling tolerance and fruit shelf life by upregulating ZAT2/6/12 to affect ROS-and senescence-related processes,which provides a reference for alleviating cold stress and extending the preharvest fruit shelf life in eggplant.

Effect of Polyamine Priming on Chilling Tolerance of Lolium perenne during Seed Imbibition

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effect of potyamine priming on physiological and biochemical variations of Lolium perenne embryos and seed germination. [Method] With annual Lolium perenne （Diamond T and Grazing-8000） as experimental materials, after priming with 0.5 mmol/L putrescine （Put）, spermidine （Spd） and spermine （Spm） for 24 h and chilling imbibition at 5 ℃ for 12, 24, 36 and 48 h, the effect of Put, Spd and Spm priming on chilling tolerance and germination ability of annual Lolium perenne seeds during imbibition was investigated. [Result] Put, Spd and Spm priming improved the activities of peroxidase （POD）, catalase （CAT）, superoxide dismutase （SOD） and ascorbate peroxidase （APX） and content of soluble protein content under low temperature stress, significantly in-creased the germination rate, and shortened the average germination duration. After chilling imbibition for 48 h, compared with the control, the average germination rate of annual Lolium perenne seeds was improved by 15.5% and 12.0% after Put, Spd and Spm priming, and the average germination duration was shortened by 1.21 and 1.14 d. During seed imbibition, the chilling tolerance of Grazing-8000 was stronger than that of Diamond T. Overall, Put, Spd and Spm treatment could increase the chilling tolerance of annual Lolium perenne seeds during imbibition, and improve the germination ability of seeds under low temperature stress. [Conclusion] Results of this study provided theoretical basis for the application of seed priming technology in the production of annual ryegrass.

Analysis and Evaluation Indicator Selection of Chilling Tolerance of Different Cotton Genotypes

[Objectivc] This study aimed to investigate the chilling tolerance of seedlings of different cotton genotypes and screen appropriate indicators for assess- ing chilling tolerance, to establish reliable mathematical evaluation model for chilling tolerance of cotton, thus providing theoretical basis for breeding and promoting new chilling-tolerant cotton germplasms and large-scale evaluation of chilling tolerance of cotton varieties. [Method] Fifteen cotton varieties （lines） were used as experimental materials. The photosynthetic gas exchange parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence ki- netic parameters, chlorophyll content, relative soluble sugar content, malonaldehyde content, relative proiine content, relative conductivity and other 12 physiological indi- cators of seedling leaves under low temperature treatment （5 ℃, 12 h） and recovery treatment （25 ℃. 24 h） were determined; based on the chilling tolerance coefficient （CTC） of various individual indicators, the comprehensive evaluation of chilling toler- ance was conducled by using principal component analysis, hierarchical cluster anal- ysis and stepwise regression analysis. [Result] The results showed that the 12 indi- vidual physiological indicators could be classified into 7 independent comprehensive components by principal component analysis; 15 cotton varieties （lines） were clus- tered into three categories by using membership function method and hierarchical cluster analysis; the mathematical model for evaluating chilling tolerance of cotton seedlings was established： D =0.275 -0.244Fo1 ＋0.206Fv/Fm1＋0.326g,%-0.056SS ＋ 0.225MDA＋O.O38REC （FF=0.995）, and the evaluation accuracy of the equation was higher than 94.25%,0. Six identification indicators closely related to chilling tolerance were screened, including Fo,, Fv/Fm1, Seedling leaves of cotton varieties （lines） gs2, SS, MDA, and REC. [Conclusion] with high chilling tolerance are less dam- aged under low temperature stress, and are able to maintain relatively high photo- synthetic electron transport capacity and high stomatal conductance after recovery treatment, which is contributed to gas exchange and recovery of photosynthetic ca- pacity. Determination of the six indicators under the same stress condition can be adopted for rapid identification and prediction of the chilling tolerance of other cotton varieties, which provides basis for the breeding, promotion, identification and screen- ing of chilling tolerant germplasms.

Exogenous Hydrogen Sulfide Enhanced Antioxidant Capacity, Amylase Activities and Salt Tolerance of Cucumber Hypocotyls and Radicles

In the present experiment, effects of sodium hydrosulfide （NariS）, a H2S donor, on the oxidative damage, antioxidant capacity and the growth of cucumber hypocotyls and radicles were studied under 100 mmol L^-1 NaCl stress. NaCl treatment significantly induced accumulation of H2O2 and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances （TBARS） in cucumber hypocotyls and radicles, and application of NariS dramatically reduced the accumulation of H/O2 and lipid peroxidation. However, the alleviating effects greatly depended on the concentrations of NariS, and 400 ~tmol L-1 NariS treatment showed the most significant effects. Corresponding to the change of lipid peroxidation, higher activities of antioxidant enzymes as well as the antioxidant capacity indicated as DPPH scavenging ac＇tivity, chelating activity of ferrous ions and hydroxyl radical （.OH） scavenging activity were induced by Naris treatment under NaCI stress, especially by 400 Ixmol L-I Naris treatment. With the alleviating lipid peroxidation, the amylase activities in cotyledons were increased, and the length of cucumber hypocotyls and radicles were significantly promoted by NariS treatment under NaCI stress. Unlike the effects of NariS, pretreatment with other sodium salts including Na2S, NazSO4, NaHSO4, Na2SO3, NaHSO3 and NaAc did not show significant effects on the growth of cucumber hypocotyls and radicles. These salts do not release H2S. Based on above results, it can be concluded that the effects of NariS in the experiment depended on the H2S rather than other compounds derived from NariS, and the alleviating effects might related with its function in modulating antioxidant capacity and amylase activities.

Ectopic expression of antifreeze protein gene from Ammopiptanthus nanus confers chilling tolerance in maize

Improved chilling tolerance is important for maize production. Previous efforts in transgenics and marker-assisted breeding have not achieved practical results. In this study, the antifreeze protein(AnAFP) from the super-xerophyte Ammopiptanthus nanus was aligned to KnS-type dehydrins.Phosphorylation in vitro and subcellular localization showed that AnAFP was phosphorylated by maize casein kinase II and translocated from nucleus to cytoplasm under chilling stress. AnAFP also increased lactate dehydrogenase activity. A parent line of commercial maize hybrids was transformed with the AnAFP gene. Based on thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR, one hemizygous and two homozygous integration sites were identified in one T_(1) line. Ectopic expression of AnAFP in transgenic lines was confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR, RNA-seq, and Western blotting. After chilling treatment, the transgenic lines showed significantly improved phenotype, higher kernel production, survival rate and biomass, and lower relative electrolyte leakage and superoxide dismutation than the untransformed line. Thus, ectopic expression of AnAFP gene improved chilling tolerance in the transgenic lines, which could be used to apply for further safety assessment for commercial breeding.

Effect of Exogenous Salicylic Acid on Physiological Parameters of Cucumber and Tomato Fruits During Chilling Injury Temperature Storage

Harvested tomato(Lycopersicum esculentum Mill)and cucumber (Cucumis Sativus L.)were immersed in 0, 0.01 g/L, 0.05 g/L, 0.1 g/L or 0 g/L, 0.001 g/L, 0.01 g/L, 0.05 g/L, 0.1 g/L salicylic acid solutions for 15 min, respectively. Some of physiological parameters of the fruits related to chilling injury were measured during cold storage (2℃±1℃ ). It showed that the cell membrane electrolyte leakage, MDA content and free proline content in tomato with 0.01 g/L and 0.1 g/L SA were lower than those of control to a various extent. The immersion in 0.001 g/L SA could significantly decrease the cell membrane electrolyte leakage and MDA content of cucumber stored at chilling injury temperature as well as decrease free proline content to some extent.

Heterologous expression of Lolium perenne antifreeze protein confers chilling tolerance in tomato

Antifreeze proteins（AFP） are produced by certain plants, animals, fungi and bacteria that enable them to survive upon extremely low temperature. Perennial rye grass, Lolium perenne, was reported to possess AFP which protects them from cold environments. In the present investigation, we isolated AFP gene from L. perenne and expressed it in tomato plants to elucidate its role upon chilling stress. The T1 transgenic tomato lines were selected and subjected to molecular, biochemical and physiological analyses. Stable integration and transcription of Lp AFP in transgenic tomato plants was confirmed by Southern blot hybridization and RT-PCR, respectively. Physiological analyses under chilling conditions showed that the chilling stress induced physiological damage in wild type（WT） plants, while the transgenic plants remained healthy. Total sugar content increased gradually in both WT and transgenic plants throughout the chilling treatment. Interestingly, transgenic plants exhibited remarkable alterations in terms of relative water content（RWC） and electrolyte leakage index（ELI） than those of WT. RWC increased significantly by 3-fold and the electrolyte leakage was reduced by 2.6-fold in transgenic plants comparing with WT. Overall, this report proved that Lp AFP gene confers chilling tolerance in transgenic tomato plants and it could be a potential candidate to extrapolate the chilling tolerance on other chilling-sensitive food crops.

Effect of Maturity Stage on the Gene Expression of Antioxidative Enzymes in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Fruits Under Chilling Stress

The gene expression pattems of antioxidative enzymes in cucumber （Cucumis sativus L.） fruits at four different maturity stages, immature （3-8 d after anthesis （DAA）, mature （9-16 DAA）, breaker （17-22 DAA）, and yellow （35-40 DAA）, were determined before and after cold storage at 2℃ for 9 d and after subsequent rewarming at 20℃ for 2 d. The electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde content in cucumber fruits were increased after cold storage and subsequent rewarming. Increased expressions of peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase （APX）, and monodehydroascorbate reductase after cold storage played an important role in cucumber fruits to cope with chilling injury. The elevated cyt-superoxide dismutase, catalase, APX and dehydroascorbate reductase after subsequent rewarming in cucumber fruits facilitated the recovery from chilling stress. The highest expression levels of all the seven antioxidative enzyme genes in yellow fruits might be responsible for the enhanced chilling tolerance. Cucumber fruits at earlier developmental stages was more susceptible to chilling stress than those at later stages. The relative higher gene expressions of antioxidative enzymes genes at earlier developmental stages may be the responses to the sever oxidative stress caused by chilling injury.

The Relationship Between Heat-induced Chilling Tolerance and Endogenous ABA Levels in Mangoes

Heating 'Zhihua' mangoes (Mangifera indica L. cv. Zhihua) in hot air at 38℃ for 12hours significantly reduced the development of chilling injury following storage for 12days at 2t. Prolonging the heating up to 72hours acquired similar results. During the 12 days' storage at 2℃ following heating for 72hours, the membrane leakage of the mango peels showed little change, while it increased with time for the control fruits, and the endogenous ABA levels in the heated fruits were higher than that in the control. These results indicated that higher ABA rates were linked with stronger chilling tolerance in mangoes.

Chilling Tolerance and Physiological Parameters as Influenced by Grafting in Watermelon Seedlings

The influences of different rootstocks on chilling tolerance and physiological parameters in watermelon seedlings have been studied. The results showed that grafting improved the chilling tolerance. Compared with own-rooted watermelon seedlings, the grafted watermelon seedlings had lower chilling injury index, lower electrolytic leakage (%), lower malondialdehyde (MDA) content, higher chlorophyll and proline content, and higher activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (AsA-POD) and dehydroascorbate reductase (DR) in the leaves under low temperature stress. There was a considerable difference of chilling tolerance among different grafted watermelon seedlings due to the difference of rootstock chilling tolerance. After low temperature treatment, the grafted seedling with higher chilling tolerance had lower electrolytic leakage (%),lower MDA content, higher proline content and higher activities of SOD, AsA-POD and DR in the leaves compared with the grafted seedling with weaker chilling tolerance. From these, we could conclude that chilling tolerance of watermelon seedlings may be related to higher antioxidative ability and membrane stability in the plants. The chilling tolerance of grafted seedling could be properly evaluated by comprehensive physiological indexes but not a single physiological index.

Effect of LaCl_3 on the chilling tolerance of rice seedlings

The rice variety Tesanai 2 is susceptible tochilling.Exposure of the seedlings grown at 28±1℃ and under a photo flux density(PFD)of30 μmol/m~2s to 1℃ and under a PFD of 150μmol/m~2s for 2 d caused a physiological disor-der called chilling injury which reduced the sur-vival rate to 50%.The experimental results in-

Elevation difference of Ca^(2+) levels in young leaf cells of bromegrass and induced cold-tolerant enhancement under different controlled chilling temperatures

The changes of Ca2＋ levels in young leaf cells of bromegrass under different controlled chilling temperatures were inves- tigated by an antimonite precipitation cytochemical method. The main results were as follows： under 25/20℃ （day/night） tempera- ture and 14 h photoperiod, electron-dense Ca2＋ antimonite precipitates, indicators of Ca2＋ localization, were mainly localized in the vacuoles, cell walls and intercellular spaces; few Ca2＋ deposits were observed in the cytosol and nuclei. After a 3℃ chilling treatment for 3 h, many Ca2＋ precipitates appeared in the cytosol and nuclei, indicating that Ca2＋ influx had occurred in the cytosol and nuclei. When the 3℃ treatment was prolonged to 8 h, more Ca2＋ deposits appeared in the nuclei and cytosol, but the amount of Ca2＋ deposits in both the cytosol and nuclei decreased markedly after a 24 h treatment and most Ca2＋ deposits were returned to the vacuoles and intercellular spaces after an 8 d treatment. When bromegrass was exposed to 7℃ for 3 h, the Ca2＋ distribution in the cells had no visible changes, compared with that of the 25/20℃ grown control plants. However, when the chilling treatment of 7℃ was prolonged to 8 h, a Ca2＋ influx occurred, where many Ca2＋ deposits were observed in the nuclei and cytosol. More Ca2＋ deposits appeared in the nuclei and cytosol after a 24 h treatment, but the amount of Ca2＋ deposits in the cytosol and nuclei was reduced markedly after an 8 d treatment. After a 14 d treatment, the remaining low level of Ca2＋ was recovered in both the cytosol and nuclei and the Ca2＋ deposits were again located in the vacuoles and the intercellular spaces. The dynamics of subcellular Ca2＋ localization in young leaf cells of bromegrass during a 12℃ chilling treatment were similar to those of the 7℃ treatment. Besides, the results showed that the frost tolerance ofbromegrass exposed to 3℃ for 8 d increased by 6℃, for 7℃ and 8 d by 4℃ and for 12℃ and 14 d by 3℃, compared with the controls. Finally, the relationship between different Ca2＋ dynamics and induced frost tolerance was also explored.

Photosynthesis, chilling acclimation and the response of antioxidant enzymes to chilling stress in mulberry seedlings

This study investigates the effects of cold-acclimation in conferring chilling tolerance in seedlings of the mulberry(Morus alba) variety ‘Qiuyu’. Changes in photosynthesis and antioxidant enzymes in chilling acclimatized(CA), and non-acclimatized(NA) seedlings were recorded during chilling stress(3 °C) and a recovery period(25 °C) each for 3 days. The results showed that CA plants had higher net photosynthetic rates(P_n), stomatal conductance(G_s), and maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem Ⅱ(F_v/F_m) in response to chilling stress compared to NA. The seedlings maintained the same trends during the recovery stage. The responses of Q_A reduction degree (1-q_P) and prime electronic transfer rates(F_o) were lower in acclimatized than in non-acclimatized seedlings. Low-temperature acclimation and chilling stress also caused an increase in leaf proline and soluble sugar contents. Leaf malondialdehyde levels were significantly lower while ascorbate peroxidase(APX) activity was significantly higher in acclimatized seedlings, suggesting that elevated osmolytes and APX confer resistance to chilling temperatures. In this study on the response of mulberry seedlings to chilling stress, we also looked at the recovery process. The response to chilling determines whether mulberry leaves can survive under cold temperatures, while the recovery process determines whether photosynthesis can recover as soon as possible to avoid any secondary damage.

Effect and Mechanism of Cold Tolerant Seed-Coating Agents on the Cold Tolerance of Early Indica Rice Seedlings

To better understand the effect and mechanism of cold tolerant seed-coating agents on the cold tolerance of rice seedlings, the physiological and biochemical effects of four cold tolerant seed-coating agents （HET, YKJ, YKZYJ, and the ABA seed coating agents） on two early indica rice varieties were studied under chilling stress. The results showed that the rice seedlings treated with cold tolerant seed-coating agents under chilling stress maintained dramatically higher root vigor, POD, CAT and SOD activities, and chlorophyll content, had lower MDA content and electrolyte leakage, and accumulated more soluble sugar and free proline, when compared with the control without the treatment, and finally showed lower plant injury rate. It was indicated that the cold tolerant seed coating agent improved the ability of rice seedlings in resisting to chilling stress. YKZYJ was ranked the first in terms of the efficiency in cold tolerance among the four cold tolerant seed-coating agents tested.

Protection of ultrastructure in chilling-stressed banana leaves by salicylic acid

Objective： Chilling tolerance of salicylic acid （SA） in banana seedlings （Musa acuminata cv., Williams 8818） was investigated by changes in ultrastructure in this study. Methods： Light and electron microscope observation. Results： Pretreatment with 0.5 mmol/L SA under normal growth conditions （30/22 ℃） by foliar spray and root irrigation resulted in many changes in ultrastructure of banana cells, such as cells separation from palisade parenchymas, the appearance of crevices in cell walls, the swelling of grana and stromal thylakoids, and a reduction in the number of starch granules. These results implied that SA treatment at 30/22 ℃ could be a type of stress. During 3 d of exposure to 7 ℃ chilling stress under low light, however, cell ultrastructure of SA-pretreated banana seedlings showed less deterioration than those of control seedlings （distilled water-pretreated）. Conclusion： SA could provide some protection for cell structure of chilling-stressed banana seedling.

外源绿原酸对番茄幼苗低温耐性的生理调控效应

【目的】番茄苗期常遭遇低温冷害,严重影响花果正常发育。酚酸物质绿原酸是农作物抗逆响应的关键代谢物质,但外源绿原酸是否能增强作物耐冷性尚不明确。因此,以低温耐性不同的两个番茄品种为材料,研究外源根施绿原酸对番茄低温耐性的调控效应及可能机制。【方法】以番茄(Solunum lycopersacum)强耐低温品种京番401(JF401)和弱耐低温品种京番101(JF101)为试验材料开展室内盆栽试验。基于前期试验获得的参数,设置6个绿原酸(CGA)根施浓度处理:0、0.005、0.025、0.05、0.1和0.25 g/L。根施CGA后,番茄幼苗在正常温度下生长5周,然后在低温(昼夜温15℃/5℃)胁迫下生长6天。在低温胁迫结束后2天,用手持式叶绿素荧光仪测定完全展开叶片初始荧光产量(Fo)、最大荧光产量(Fm),光化学猝灭系数(Qp)、非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)及PSII实际光化学效率(ФPSII);调查番茄幼苗地上部鲜重(SFW)、根系鲜重(RFW)和总鲜重(TFW);测定完全展开叶片相对电导率(REC)、叶绿体色素含量(Chl.a、Chl.b、Car)、自由水含量(LFW)和束缚水含量(LBW);测定叶片中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化氢(H_(2)O_(2))和丙二醛(MDA)含量。【结果】在供试CGA浓度范围内,JF401和JF101番茄幼苗的耐冷性均随CGA浓度的升高先增加后降低,最高耐冷性综合评价指标D值分别出现在0.1和0.05 g/L。Pearson相关分析表明,D值与Fv/Fm、Qp、ФPSII、Chl.a、Chl.(a+b)、SFW、RFW、TFW、SOD、POD、CAT和LBW显著正相关(R=0.72~0.98),与H_(2)O_(2)、NPQ、REC、MDA和LFW显著负相关(R=0.63~0.98)。PCA主成分分析表明,SFW、Chl.b、Chl.(a+b)、Qp、ФPSII和LBW是影响两品种番茄苗期低温耐性的共性关键指标。在CGA最佳浓度下,京番101幼苗的ФPSII、Chl.(a+b)、LBW和SFW较CK的增幅分别为157.7%、35.5%、8.4%和24%,京番401幼苗的增幅分别为223.5%、64.9%、31.2%和62%。【结论】低温胁迫下,根施适量绿原酸可通过改善光能吸收及利用、降低水分生理代谢、增强酶促抗氧化防御和清除活性氧等多途径调控机制,显著提升番茄幼苗低温耐性。

采后黄瓜在冷驯化处理过程中的转录组变化

采后黄瓜是冷敏性果菜类蔬菜,在低温贮藏时易发生冷害。前期研究结果表明,冷驯化处理通过诱导采后黄瓜耐冷性,减少冷害发生。为探究冷驯化处理诱导的转录组学变化,以采后黄瓜为试材,分析冷驯化处理期间的转录组变化。与贮藏前(0 h)相比,在冷驯化处理12 h和72 h时,分别鉴定到1 870和3 550个差异表达基因。基因表达验证结果表明,RT-qPCR和转录组结果高度一致,证明转录组测序数据的准确性和可靠性。GO富集分析结果显示,冷驯化处理诱导的差异表达基因主要富集在氧化还原过程、细胞膜组分和转录因子活性3个GO途径中,表明冷驯化处理通过调节细胞膜组分、细胞内氧化还原状态,增强冷藏黄瓜耐冷性。进一步分析发现,104个转录因子基因响应冷驯化低温,差异表达的转录因子主要是ERF、bZIP、WRKY和HSF家族,表明转录因子介导的转录调控在冷驯化诱导的耐冷性中发挥重要作用。研究结果为采后黄瓜诱导耐冷性提供了新见解,有助于加深对冷驯化诱导耐冷性分子机理的认识,为耐冷黄瓜培育提供了重要基因资源。