Effect of Algae on Melon(Cucumis melo subsp.agrestis var.conomon)Growth and Development under Drought-Stress Conditions

Due to climate change,it is necessary to develop plant varieties that are resilient to climate conditions and resistant to abiotic and biotic stresses.The use of microalgae,which are microorganisms that contain carbohydrates,proteins,lipids,and vitamins,against drought tolerance is a new approach.The aim of the current study was to determine the drought-related mechanisms in the conomon melon genotype and develop drought-tolerant melon cultivars.Morphological,physiological,pomological,and molecular analyses were carried out on the algae-treated genotypes.It has been determined that commercial algae application provides the best results in leaf temperature,leaf relative water contents(LRWC),plant height,fruit length,fruit diameter,and yield,while Cag Cag(a special river in the region)stream algae application gives better results in main stem diameter.It was determined that the number of nodes in the control(without algae)plots was higher than in the other two treatments.Yield and LRWC and plant height values of genotype 7 were the best values among other genotypes.The leaf temperature measurement was lower on genotype 9 than on the other genotypes.While the highest fruit length value was measured in genotype 1,genotype 8 was superior in the main stem diameter,fruit diameter,and the number of nodes among the remaining plant materials.In terms of yield,it was determined that the interaction between genotype 2 and the commercial algae resulted in the best outcomes.In addition,the results of the genetic evaluation revealed that the materials used were not genetically distant from each other and more detailed genetic evaluations are needed.The molecular kinship analysis revealed that the genotypes used in the study were divided into three distinct groups,with individuals within each group exhibiting a high degree of relatedness to one another.As a result of the study,it was found that the application of microalgae had significant effects on improving the drought tolerance of Cucumis melo subsp.agrestis var.conomon genotypes.

厚皮甜瓜(Cucumis melo var.reliculatus)的快速繁殖

以厚皮甜瓜 (Cucumismelovar.reliculatus)西薄洛托带腋芽茎段为外植体进行离体快速繁殖研究。结果表明 :在MS +BA 0 .5～ 1 .0mg/L +IAA 0 .1mg/L的培养基上利于诱导形成丛生芽 ,芽的月增殖系数达到 1 1以上 ;在 1 /2MS +IAA 0 .5mg/L培养基上并经暗处理 3d最易生根 ,生根率 90 % ;在蛭石 :草炭土 =1 :1 (体积比 )基质中移栽驯化效果好。试管植株定植大田后种性不变 ,生长和结果习性优于种子苗。

Effects of Meteorological Conditions on Yield and Quality of Facility Hami Melon

With different varieties of facility Hami melon(Cucumis melo var. sacchairinus) as test materials, the effects of meteorological conditions on the yield and quality of different varieties of facility Hami melon were analyzed. The results showed that among the yield and quality traits of melon, the variation degree of average single melon weight was the highest, and the coefficient of variation was 33.05%. The variation degree of leaf area index was the lowest, and the coefficient of variation was 11.00%. Through the correlation analysis of meteorological factors with the yield and quality of facility Hami melon, it was found that the quality traits of facility Hami melon were significantly positively correlated with maximum temperature and sunshine duration, and significantly negatively correlated with precipitation. The yield traits were positively correlated with maximum temperature, sunshine duration and precipitation.

Wild melon: a novel non-edible feedstock for bioenergy

In the present research work, a non-edible oil source Cucumis melo var. agrestis （wild melon） was systematically identified and studied for biodiesel production and its characterization. The extracted oil was 29.1% of total dry seed weight. The free fatty acid value of the oil was found to be 0.64%, and the single-step alkaline transesterification method was used for conversion of fatty acids into their respective methyl esters. The maximum conversion efficiency of fatty acids was obtained at 0.4 wt% NaOH （used as catalyst）, 30% （methanol to oil, v/v） methanol amount, 60 ℃ reaction temperature, 600-rpm agitation rate and 60-min reaction time. Under these optimal conditions, the conversion efficiency of fatty acid was 92%. However, in the case of KOH as catalyst, the highest conversion （85%） of fatty acids was obtained at 40% methanol to oil ratio, 1.28 wt% KOH, 60 ℃ reaction temperature, 600-rpm agitation rate and 45 min of reaction time. Qualitatively, biodiesel was characterized through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FFIR） and gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy （GC-MS）. FTIR results demonstrated a strong peak at 1742 cm-1, showing carbonyl groups （C=O） of methyl esters. However, GC-MS results showed the presence of twelve methyl esters comprised of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, non-decanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, octadecadienoic acid and octadecynoic acid. The fuel properties were found to fall within the range recommended by the international biodiesel standard, i.e., American Society of Testing Materials （ASTM）： flash point of 91℃, density of 0.873 kg/L, viscosity of 5.35 cSt, pour point of - 13 ℃, cloud point of -10 ℃, total acid number of 0.242 mg KOH/g and sulfur content of 0.0043 wt%. The present work concluded the potential of wild melon seed oil as excellent non-edible source of bioenergy.

酥瓜(Cucumis melo var. conomon Group)基因组DNA提取及RAPD分子标记反应体系的建立

本研究以改良的CTAB法提取酥瓜基因组DNA,利用正交设计L_(16)(4~5),对酥瓜RAPD-PCR反应体系的5个影响因素(引物,dNTPs,Taq DNA聚合酶,Mg^(2+)和模板DNA)在4个水平上进行优化试验,并在30~50℃范围内摸索退火温度,建立适合酥瓜RAPD-PCR反应体系。研究表明,在25μL反应体系中,含有引物0.8μmol/L、dNTPs 0.3μmol/L、Taq DNA聚合酶1 U、Mg^(2+)0.5 mmol/L、DNA模板30 ng为最佳反应体系,RAPD-PCR扩增程序中最佳退火温度为37.6℃。该体系有助于酥瓜种质资源的遗传多样性分析评价。

酥瓜(Cucumis melo var. conomon Group)ISSR-PCR反应体系建立与优化

利用正交设计L16（45）,对酥瓜ISSR-PCR反应体系的5个影响因素（引物,d NTPs,Taq DNA聚合酶,Mg2+和模板DNA）在4个水平上进行优化试验,并在36℃56℃范围内摸索退火温度,建立适合酥瓜ISSR-PCR反应体系,结果表明,在20μL反应体系中,含有引物0.2μmol/L、d NTPs 0.3 mmol/L、Taq DNA聚合酶1.2 U、Mg2+1.0 mmol/L、DNA模板70 ng、10×Buffer 2.0μL为最佳反应体系,ISSR-PCR扩增程序中最佳退火温度为52.5℃。该体系为酥瓜种质资源的遗传多样性分析评价提供了帮助。

Antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activities of wild musk melon (Cucumis melo var. agrestis) in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats

Objective:Wild musk melon(Cucumis melo var.agrestis,CMA)is one of the edible plants form Tamil Nadu.Traditionally,this plant was used as diabetic diet(leaves of CMA with Momordica charantia leaves),but there is no scientific report on antidiabetic action of this plant material.Hence,the current research work was designed to evaluate the antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effect of hydroalcoholic extract of CMA leaves(HALEC)in streptozotocin(STZ)-nicotinamide(NIC)-induced diabetic rats.Methods:Diabetes was induced by administration of STZ(60 mg/kg,i.p.)after 15 min of NIC(120 mg/kg i.p.)administration.The diabetic rats were treated with HALEC(300 and 600 mg/kg,p.o.,respectively)for 21 d.Results:After the management with HALEC,blood glucose,HbA1c levels,total cholesterol,LDL cholesterol,triglycerides levels,glycogen phosphorylase and glucose-6-phosphatase levels were significantly diminished in diabetic rats.However,haemoglobin level,HDL cholesterol,liver glycogen,total protein,hexokinase,glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase levels were significantly increased in HALEC treated diabetic rats.The histopathological studies of the pancreas in HALEC-treated diabetic rats showed almost normal appearance.L6 cell line study revealed the increased glucose uptake activity of HALEC.High performance thin layer chromatography(HPTLC)analysis confirms the presence of active principles such as rutin,gallic acid and quercetin in HALEC.Conclusion:The results indicated that HALEC possess significant antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activity in STZ-NIC-induced typeⅡdiabetic rats with protective effect.This research work will be useful for the isolation of active principles and development of herbal formulation in phytopharmaceuticals.

低氧胁迫下钙对网纹甜瓜幼苗多胺含量及多胺氧化酶活性的影响

以低氧性敏感的网纹甜瓜(Cucumis melo var. raticulalus)品种‘西域一号’(Xiyu 1)为材料,研究了钙对低氧胁迫下幼苗生长、游离态、结合态和束缚态的腐胺(Put)、亚精胺(Spd)、精胺(Spm)含量、二胺氧化酶(DAO)和多胺氧化酶(PAO)活性、H2O2 含量的影响。结果表明:与通气对照相比,低氧胁迫处理幼苗鲜重和干重显著降低,根、叶中3种形态的Put、Spd、Spm含量显著增加,DAO和PAO活性、H2O2 含量显著提高;营养液加钙处理不但缓解了低氧胁迫对幼苗生长的抑制作用,而且幼苗游离态、结合态和束缚态Put、Spd、Spm含量显著高于单纯低氧胁迫处理,DAO和PAO活性、H2O2 含量显著低于低氧胁迫处理;低氧胁迫下缺钙处理加重了低氧胁迫对网纹甜瓜幼苗的伤害。表明在低氧胁迫下,钙参与了网纹甜瓜幼苗多胺的代谢过程,对增强幼苗耐低氧性起着重要的作用。

根际低氧逆境对网纹甜瓜幼苗生长及根系呼吸代谢途径的影响

以耐低氧性具有明显差异的两个网纹甜瓜(Cucumis melovar.raticulalus)品种为试材,研究了根际低氧胁迫下幼苗生长、根系活力及根系呼吸关键酶活性的变化。结果表明,根际低氧胁迫下,两品种幼苗生长均受到明显抑制,而根系活力升高;根系PDC活性两品种均显著提高,品种间无显著差异;MDH活性两品种均显著降低,且耐低氧性弱的‘西域一号’下降幅度较大;根系ADH和LDH活性两品种均显著提高,耐低氧性强的‘东方星光’ADH活性增加的幅度显著高于耐低氧性弱的‘西域一号’,而‘西域一号’LDH活性增加幅度显著高于‘东方星光’。说明‘东方星光’在低氧胁迫下能保持较高的有氧呼吸水平,无氧呼吸的主要途径为乙醇发酵,而‘西域一号’在低氧胁迫下无氧呼吸的主要途径为乳酸发酵。

栽培方式对哈密瓜光合速率和果实产量及品质的影响

通过爬地和立架2种栽培方式,研究其对2个哈密瓜品种叶片光合速率及果实产量、品质的影响。结果表明:在植株伸蔓期,爬地栽培低节位叶片光合速率高于立架栽培,而高节位叶片光合速率立架栽培高于爬地栽培;2种栽培方式在不同生育期的叶片光合速率均存在显著差异。随着植株生长,叶片光合速率呈先升后降的趋势,爬地栽培叶片光合速率最大值出现在果实发育初期(授粉后7 d左右),而立架栽培叶片光合速率最大值发生在果实发育中期(授粉后20 d左右);在爬地栽培光合速率达峰值前,其值始终大于立架栽培,但之后立架栽培光合速率则显著高于爬地栽培;相比爬地栽培,立架栽培平均单果重增加16.3%～27.7%,果实中心可溶性固形物含量增加17.8%～30.9%。可见哈密瓜立架栽培比爬地栽培的产量和果实内在品质均有提高。

乙烯利诱导网纹甜瓜主蔓两性花花芽分化的形态和解剖学研究

以网纹甜瓜(Cucumis melo L.var.reticulatus Naud.)品种'西域1号'为试验材料,于幼苗3叶1心期喷施浓度为150mg.L-1的乙烯利溶液进行处理,诱导主蔓形成两性花,以清水为对照,分别对处理和对照植株不同时期的主蔓和侧蔓花芽分化过程进行形态和解剖学观察。结果表明:经乙烯利处理后,幼苗植株主蔓花原基持续向两性花分化,最终发育形成两性花。未经处理植株的主蔓花原基在分化早期与两性花发育过程相同,但在雌蕊出现后,不再继续发育,最终发育形成雄花。处理植株主蔓两性花发育过程与侧蔓两性花发育过程相同。

CO_2和温度对网纹甜瓜群体光合作用的影响

采用人工气候室和建立的作物群体光合作用测定分析体系,研究了CO2、温度等环境因子对网纹甜瓜群体总光合速率(Pgc)的影响。结果表明,CO2浓度升高显著提高了群体的初始光合效率(αc)和最大光合速率,提高了甜瓜群体总光合速率,当CO2浓度由400μmol·mol-1增至700和1000μmol·mol-1时,Pgc分别提高了30.1%和44.6%,且强光照条件下,CO2的促进效果更为明显;温度对甜瓜群体光合作用影响明显,高温降低了初始光化学效率,在低CO2浓度下提高了甜瓜群体的最大光合速率,但高CO2下受CO2-温度互作的影响,最大光合速率反而下降。初步确定了不同CO2浓度和光照条件下获得最大群体光合速率的适宜温度。

竹醋液防治甜瓜细菌性果斑病药效试验

采用抑菌圈法测定竹醋液原液,50%、20%、12.5%、10%体积浓度竹醋液,无菌水和链霉素0.5 mg/m L作对照,对甜瓜(Cucumis melo var.melo)细菌性果斑病菌进行药效试验。结果表明:竹醋液浓度越高,抑菌圈越大,其中以竹醋液原液抑菌效果最佳,其抑菌圈直径可达35.17 mm,50%竹醋液与0.5 mg/m L链霉素抑菌效果相当,10%竹醋液抑菌圈直径最小,为9.13 mm;12.5%竹醋液与硫酸链霉素0.5 mg/m L浸种过的甜瓜种子出芽率和出苗率均较高,且二者效果相当;竹醋液(20%、12.5%)与0.5 mg/m L硫酸链霉素浸种的幼苗长势优且二者相当,但竹醋液处理组幼苗更为矮壮,尤其竹醋液12.5%处理组效果最佳,其平均干物质重量可达0.112 g。

不同播种期对吐鲁番秋季大田哈密瓜产量和品质的影响

为解决哈密瓜秋季生产中农户播种期不当造成的果实不成熟、经济效益低等问题,以‘西州密17号’哈密瓜为试材,在播种季设置6个播种期,以7月10日为对照,对不同播种期哈密瓜的物候期、生长发育、产量品质及经济效益等指标进行调查与分析。结果表明,在正常年份气候条件下,秋季大田哈密瓜适宜播种期以7月10—20日为宜,产量高,品质好,每667 m^2纯收入为2 000~3 000元,产投比在1.8~2.2之间。

3种整枝方式对薄皮甜瓜开花结果、产量及品质的影响

为了探讨整枝方式对薄皮甜瓜(Cucumis melo L.var.makuwa Makino)生长发育、产量和品质的影响,比较了9个薄皮甜瓜品种在大棚内采取单主蔓整枝、单子蔓整枝和双子蔓整枝3种方式整枝后的开花结果期、坐果率、单瓜重、产量及可溶物固形物含量。结果表明,9个薄皮甜瓜品种单主蔓整枝比另外2种整枝方式的第一雌花出现日期、盛花期、始收期、盛收期均晚1～3d;坐果率表现为单子蔓整枝>双子蔓整枝>单主蔓整枝;多数薄皮甜瓜品种双子蔓整枝和单子蔓整枝的产量高于单主蔓整枝的,但整枝方式对薄皮甜瓜的单瓜重、可溶物固形物含量影响不大。

哈密瓜顶芽的诱导及植株的再生

为获得一套哈密瓜快速繁殖的方法,以哈密瓜无菌苗幼嫩的顶芽为外植体,研究不同激素配比对顶芽诱导、增殖和生根的影响。结果表明,顶芽在不添加激素的培养基中没有诱导出丛生芽,在添加激素6-BA和NAA的激素中的诱导率达到91%,哈密瓜幼嫩顶芽诱导不定芽的最适培养基为1/2MS+6-BA 2.0 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L。哈密瓜组培苗在不添加激素的培养基中没有根形成,添加激素NAA的生根培养基中生根率达到96%,最佳生根诱导培养基为1/2MS+NAA 1.0 mg/L。

人工气候室用于测定作物群体光合作用的方法

以我院所建人工气候室,构建了用于测定与分析作物群体光合作用的方法和体系,以网纹甜瓜为材料进行了不同温度、光照和CO2等环境条件下群体光合速率的测定和分析,并用作物模拟模型对测定结果进行了比较和检测,结果表明所建体系用于测定作物群体光合作用的效果良好。

移栽条件对厚皮甜瓜试管苗成活及生长的影响

试验研究了温度、基质及施用营养液等对厚皮甜瓜西薄洛托试管苗移栽成活及生长的影响 .结果表明 ,试管苗根长小于 1 cm时移栽最好 ;适宜的移栽温度 (苗床气温 )是白天 2 5—3 0℃、夜间 1 5— 1 8℃ ;移栽基质以蛭石∶草炭土 =2∶ 1的混合基质较优 ;适当施用营养液可加速幼苗生长 ,提高成活率 ,尤其是在移栽基质无营养的条件下更显重要 .

金瓜和白瓜花叶病毒病病原的初步鉴定

崇明是上海出口蔬菜生产基地之一,也是国家级的绿色食品园区之一,具有生产绿色蔬菜商品的生态环境和资源优势.

尖孢镰刀菌对网纹甜瓜幼苗的致病性及其防治

从甜瓜病果上分离出的尖孢镰刀菌甜瓜专化型能够侵染网纹甜瓜幼苗,病苗表现为子叶黄化,顶端失水萎蔫,根茎部变黄褐色。药剂处理土壤以五氯硝基苯+多菌灵防治效果较好。