Molecular marker for screening rice cultivars with intermediate amylose content in indica

The waxy(Wx)gene of rice encodes the granule-bound starch synthase(GBSS),which was required in the synthesis of amylose in endosperm.Theamylose content(AC)of rice endosperm played an important role in grain yield,palatability,and processing quality.Our previous researehes showed that en-dosperm AC and GBSS contents were correlated with the ability of excising intron1 from the leader sequence of the Wx transcript.Cultivars with high endosperm

Field Screening of Lesotho and South African Wheat Cultivars for Russian Wheat Aphid Resistance

Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia) is an international wheat pest and was first recorded in South Africa in 1978 in the Bethlehem area in the Eastern Free State. Le-sotho lies adjacent to one of the largest wheat producing areas in South Africa, the Eastern Free State, where winter wheat and facultative types are cultivated under dry land conditions. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important crop adapted to all agro-ecological zones of Lesotho. Russian wheat aphid may have a significant impact on wheat yield. No monitoring or pest control is being done in Lesotho and at this stage there is very little information on the Russian wheat aphid resistance of wheat culti-vars cultivated in Lesotho. In view of this it is important to monitor the distribution of Russian wheat aphid biotypes in Lesotho and determine the level of Russian wheat aphid resistance in local Lesotho wheat cultivars. Two local Lesotho wheat cultivars, Bolane and Makalaote were screened together with South African cultivars Elands, Matlabas, Senqu, PAN3379, PAN3118 and SST387, in the glasshouse against all four known biotypes that occur in South Africa. All these cultivars were also planted in 5 m plots in the field at two localities Leribe and Roma in the lowlands of Lesotho. These cultivars were screened in the field for Russian wheat aphid resistance. The predomi-nant Russian wheat aphid biotypes in these areas were also determined. The Lesotho cultivar, Bolane had resistance against RWASA2 in the glasshouse, while Makalaote did not have any Russian wheat aphid resistance in either the glasshouse or field screenings. To contribute to food security an increasing wheat yield potential is a high priority. Russian wheat aphid has been included in the list of important international cereal pests. Russian wheat aphid adapts to changing environments and taking their ecology, distribution, virulence patterns, and variability into account is important in minimizing the gap between actual and attainable yields. Current management prac-tices for winter wheat in South Africa include the use of resistant cultivars, which is the most economical management strategy for Russian wheat aphid. Introducing Russian wheat aphid resistant cultivars in Lesotho will improve overall yield and as a result food security. This will also result in lower Russian wheat aphid pest pressure in the adjacent wheat production areas in the Eastern Free State, South Africa.

不同杨树品种苗期对镉胁迫的差异性分析

【目的】通过模拟Cd胁迫的方法,研究不同杨树品种在Cd胁迫方面的差异,筛选出对重金属Cd具有高耐受性的品种,为杨树修复重金属污染土壤提供理论基础。【方法】采用模拟Cd胁迫的方法对6个杨树品种进行盆栽试验,分别测定其生长量、不同器官生物量及Cd^(2+)含量等10个指标,利用各指标的隶属度值及权重计算综合指数以评价不同品种抗Cd胁迫的能力。【结果】苗高和地径随着Cd^(2+)处理浓度增加呈下降趋势,与地径相比,苗高性状对Cd胁迫更为敏感。通过对比不同品种根生物量均值发现,辽宁杨、中辽1号杨、渤丰1号杨排在前3位。不同品种茎生物量、叶生物量及总生物量均随着Cd^(2+)浓度的增加呈先增加后减少的趋势,分析发现中辽1号杨、新林1号杨、渤丰1号杨的茎生物量排在前3位,中辽1号杨、辽宁杨、渤丰1号杨的叶生物量排在前3位,中辽1号杨、辽宁杨、新林1号的总生物量排在前3位。各品种根中、茎中、叶片中Cd^(2+)含量及总Cd^(2+)含量均是随着Cd^(2+)处理浓度增加而增加,在最高Cd^(2+)处理浓度下,中绥12杨、渤丰1号杨、新林1号杨中根中Cd^(2+)含量、茎中Cd^(2+)含量较对照增长率排在前3位;中绥12杨、新林1号杨、中辽1号杨叶片中Cd^(2+)含量较对照增长率排在前3位;中绥12杨、新林1号杨、渤丰1号杨中总Cd^(2+)含量较对照增长率排在前3位。【结论】根据综合指数的大小得出抗Cd能力强弱排序为中辽1号杨、辽宁杨、渤丰1号杨、新林1号杨、中绥12杨和银中杨,中辽1号杨、辽宁杨、渤丰1号杨、新林1号杨表现出较好的抗Cd胁迫能力,其中中辽1号杨更是达到0.9552,因此在其适生区域可用于修复重金属镉污染的土壤。

适合衡阳市再生稻栽培的水稻品种筛选

为探明不同熟期、类型水稻品种再生栽培的生产力差异,选用在衡阳市大面积种植的13个中稻和1个晚稻品种,采用小区试验,比较参试品种头季和再生季的生育期、株型、抗性、经济性状及产量等因子的差异,为筛选适合衡阳市再生栽培水稻品种提供参考。结果表明:不同熟期品种头季、再生季和周年产量差异极显著;头季产量与生育期、日产量和有效穗数、结实率呈显著正相关,再生季产量与日产量、有效穗数、千粒重呈显著正相关,周年产量与头季的结实率及再生季的产量、日产量、千粒重呈显著正相关;深两优867、玮两优8612、韵两优332周年产量达1 000.0 kg/667m2以上,可以作为衡阳市再生稻栽培优先选用品种,深两优475、C两优华占、晶两优1468、隆两优1212、晶两优华占、Y两优911等6个品种表现较好,可根据当地种植实际表现选择。

余姚市鲜食玉米品种引进筛选试验

为了加快余姚地区的鲜食玉米品种更新换代,筛选适宜当地种植的高产、优质、抗性好的品种,以14个鲜食玉米品种为材料,对生育期、农艺性状、产量、抗性、食用品质进行比较分析。试验结果表明,杭糯玉21、玉农花彩糯7号、天贵糯932的鲜穗农艺性状好、糯性好、口感佳、产量高,申科甜2号、浦甜1号、万鲜甜178、美玉甜007的可溶性固形物含量高、籽粒质地脆、口感佳、产量高,品质表现好,可进行推广种植,为玉米新品种选择和种植提供技术指导。

崇左地区小果型黄瓤西瓜品种评价与筛选

为丰富小果型西瓜种类,筛选优质、高产的品种,从国内多家育种单位引进15个小果型黄瓤西瓜品种,以广西崇左地区主栽品种热研墨玉为对照,进行各品种植株、果实、产量及品质性状的评价。结果表明,众天美颜单瓜质量2.51 kg,中心可溶性固形物含量12.59%,667 m^(2)产量2996.25 kg;京彩4号单瓜质量2.38 kg,中心可溶性固形物含量12.00%,667 m^(2)产量2626.50 kg;众天玉琢单瓜质量2.19 kg,中心可溶性固形物含量11.50%,667 m^(2)产量2613.75 kg。综合产量、品质和抗逆性等性状,众天美颜、京彩4号、众天玉琢适宜在广西崇左地区示范推广。

Genotype Screening of Recipient Resources with High Regeneration and Transformation Efficiency in Chrysanthemum

Genetic transformation is one of the key steps in the molecular breeding of chrysanthemum,which relies on an optimal regeneration and transformation system.However,the regeneration system of different chrysanthemum cultivars varies,and the regeneration time of most cultivars is long.To screen cultivars with highly efficient regeneration,leaves and shoot tip thin cell layers(tTCL)from eight chrysanthemum cultivars with different flower colors and flower types were cultured on Murashige and Skoog media(MS)supplemented with 1.0-5.0 mg L^(−1)6-benzylaminopurine(6-BA)and 0.1-1.0 mg L^(−1)α-naphthaleneacetic(NAA).The results showed that the most efficient regeneration media were MS+6-BA 1.0 mg L^(−1)+NAA 0.5 mg L^(−1)for leaf explants and MS+6-BA 5.0 mg L^(−1)+NAA 0.1 mg L^(−1)for tTCL explants.Subsequently,another 13 chrysanthemum cultivars were screened by using the media,and finally,three cultivars with high regeneration efficiency were obtained from 21 cultivars.Among these,C1 had the highest regeneration efficiency:the regeneration rate of leaf explants reached 80.0%after 42 days of culture,and the regeneration rate of tTCL explants reached 100%after 31 days of culture.Furthermore,we also established the transformation system for C1 as follows:preculturing for one day,infecting with Agrobacterium suspension(OD_(600)=0.6)for 10 min,and cultivating in the regeneration medium with 350 mg L^(−1)carbenicillin and 10 mg L^(−1)kanamycin,thus ultimately achieving a transformation rate of 4.0%.In this study,a new chrysanthemum cultivar with an efficient regeneration and transformation system was screened,which is beneficial to enrich the flower color of chrysanthemum transgenic plant recipients and to the functional research of flower color or type-related genes.

Screening of drought resistance indices and evaluation of drought resistance in cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)

Sixteen cotton cultivars widely planted in China were sowed under five different drought concentrations(0,2.5,5,7.5,and 10%)using PEG6000 to screen the indices of drought resistance identification and explore the drought resistance of different cotton cultivars.Eighteen physiological indices including root,stem,and leaf water contents(RWC,SWC,and LWC),net photosynthetic rate(Pn),the maximum photochemical quantum yield(Fv/Fm),the actual photochemical quantum yield(ΦPSII),non-photochemical quenching coefficient(NPQ),leaf water potential(LWP),osmotic potential(Ψs),leaf relative conductivity(REC),leaf proline content(Pro),leaf and root soluble protein contents(LSPC and RSPC),leaf and root malondialdehyde(MDA)contents(LMDA and RMDA),root superoxide dismutase,peroxidase,and catalase activities(RSOD,RPOD,and RCAT)were measured.Results indicated the 18 physiological indices can be converted into five or six independent comprehensive indices by principal component analysis,and nine typical indices(Fv/Fm,SWC,LWP,Pro,LMDA,RSPC,RMDA,RSOD,and RCAT)screened out by a stepwise regression method could be utilized to evaluate the drought resistance.Moreover,the 16 cotton cultivars were divided into four types:drought sensitive,drought weak sensitive,moderate drought resistant,and drought resistant types.The resistance ability of two selected cotton cultivars(drought resistant cultivar,Dexiamian 1;drought sensitive cultivar,Yuzaomian 9110)with contrasting drought sensitivities were further verified by pot experiment.Results showed that the responses of final cotton biomass,yield,and yield composition to drought were significantly different between the two cultivars.In conclusion,drought resistant cultivar Dexiamian 1 and drought sensitive cultivar Yuzaomian 9110 were screened through hydroponics experiment,which can be used as ideal experimental materials to study the mechanism of different cotton cultivars with contrasting drought sensitivities in response to drought stress.

设施迷你型南瓜新品种评价筛选

为筛选出适合潍坊地区保护地种植的迷你型南瓜品种,引进14个迷你型南瓜新品种,开展设施栽培品种评价筛选试验。结果表明:参试的桔瓜类南瓜品种中,口感好、产量高的品种为迷你白(667 m~2产量1 537.2 kg)、迷你皇冠(667 m~2产量1 535.2 kg)、桔瓜(667 m~2产量1 484.2 kg)和黄桔1号(667m~2产量1189.52kg),适合在休闲观光农业中适当种植;参试的贝贝类南瓜品种中,中型贝贝和贝贝生育期适中、长势好、易坐瓜,单瓜质量适宜,产量较高(中型贝贝667m~2产量2502.0kg,贝贝667m~2产量2 227.4 kg),而且瓜肉厚、橙黄色,肉质粉糯,口感佳,综合表现较好,适合在潍坊地区冬季大棚栽培。筛选出的迷你型南瓜品种均可在潍坊地区设施栽培,农户可根据生产需要和市场需求搭配种植。

不同观赏荷花品种对镉胁迫响应的差异性研究

[目的]本文旨在探讨不同观赏荷花品种耐镉(Cd)的差异,筛选优质荷花品种以作为植物修复Cd污染水体的材料。[方法]以常用的6个大中型观赏荷花品种为试材,利用盆栽试验研究不同Cd处理水平(0、1、10、25 mg·kg-1)下各荷花品种生长及生理特性的变化。[结果]低Cd处理(1 mg·kg-1)促进了各荷花品种株高和立叶数的增加,中Cd处理(10 mg·kg-1)对‘风卷红旗’‘中国红·北京’‘珠峰翠影’的株高和立叶数有促进作用,但抑制其他3个品种的生长,经高Cd处理(25 mg·kg-1)后仅‘珠峰翠影’的株高和立叶数仍显著增加;不同Cd处理水平对各荷花品种冠幅和叶径的生长均产生了抑制效果。随着Cd处理水平升高,各荷花品种叶片的叶绿素含量逐渐降低,相对电导率不断上升,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性均呈先上升后下降的趋势。其中,‘风卷红旗’‘中国红·北京’和‘珠峰翠影’叶绿素含量及相对电导率受Cd胁迫的影响较其他3个品种小,且‘风卷红旗’和‘中国红·北京’的2种抗氧化酶活性仅在高Cd胁迫下才显著低于对照,而‘珠峰翠影’在各水平Cd处理下始终高于对照。对不同荷花品种Cd积累特性的分析表明,‘风卷红旗’和‘中国红·北京’的Cd积累量相对较高,而‘珠峰翠影’的Cd转运系数最高;荷花不同器官中Cd积累量由大到小表现为根、叶、根状茎。[结论]不同观赏荷花品种耐Cd能力差异较大,‘珠峰翠影’‘风卷红旗’‘中国红·北京’的耐Cd性相对较强,这3个耐性品种可通过根系阻挡与固定大量Cd或高效启动抗氧化系统清除Cd诱导产生过量活性氧的方式抵御Cd胁迫。

适合洞庭湖区大棚秋延后暨再生栽培辣椒品种筛选试验

为筛选出适合洞庭湖区大棚秋延后暨剪枝再生栽培的辣椒品种,2021年7月至2022年6月引进8个辣椒品种进行比较试验,测定株高、开展度、果长、果宽、单果质量、折合667 m^(2)产量等指标,分析指标间的相关性并进行主成分分析,探究农艺性状对辣椒产量的影响,结合聚类分析筛选辣椒优良品种。结果表明,不同辣椒品种间的农艺性状与产量均存在显著差异,兴蔬皱辣2号表现较为优异。在秋延后栽培中,株高、果长与产量呈显著负相关,果宽、单果质量与产量呈极显著正相关;在再生栽培中,果宽、单果质量与产量呈极显著正相关。在主成分分析中,提取的3个主成分解释了总方差的85%以上,主成分1中占比较高的指标为果宽、单果质量和折合667 m^(2)产量,果宽、单果质量对辣椒产量具有提升作用。聚类分析将品种分为4大类,以产量作为重要指标,筛选出皱皮椒兴蔬皱辣2号,其综合表现最佳、产量最高,每667 m^(2)产量达到4059.57 kg,其次是牛角椒兴蔬201,每667 m^(2)产量为3341.47 kg,2个品种均符合洞庭湖区市场需求,适合作为秋延后暨再生栽培辣椒品种进行推广。

湘南地区春露地苦瓜品种引进筛选试验

为筛选出适合湘南中高海拔地区春季露地栽培的苦瓜品种,以本地主栽苦瓜品种蓝山苦瓜为对照,引进17个苦瓜新品种,调查各品种物候期、植株性状、商品果实性状、产量、抗热性、枯萎病和白粉病抗性。试验结果表明,粒条相间瘤类型品种中,闽研6号苦瓜生长势最强,抗热性好,田间表现抗白粉病,枯萎病抗性较好,折合每667 m^(2)产量2800.0 kg,比对照蓝山苦瓜(1427.0 kg/667 m^(2))增产96.2%,商品瓜颜色及果型等外观性状符合本地种植和消费习惯;条状瘤类型品种中,碧绿三号苦瓜折合每667 m^(2)产量2522.0 kg,比对照蓝山苦瓜(1427.0 kg/667 m^(2))增产76.7%,条状瘤苦瓜在湘南地区有部分消费市场,同时可作为外向型蔬菜供应粤港澳大湾区。闽研6号和碧绿三号苦瓜适合在湘南中高海拔地区春露地栽培和推广。

鲜食口感番茄新品种筛选试验

为筛选出适宜山东寿光地区种植的高产、优质鲜食口感番茄品种,以10个新引进的番茄品种为试验材料,以普罗旺斯为对照,进行对株高、坐果性状、一二穗间叶数,单果质量、硬度、糖度、可溶性固形物含量、产量等方面的比较。试验结果表明,表现较好的品种为19739,综合评价排名高于其他品种,主要表现为植株生长快,果实性状和品质优良,能够满足山东地区的生产要求和消费需求,适合在山东地区推广。

Observation and Evaluation of New Lily Cutflower Varieties Introduced in Tropical Area

[Objective] New lily varieties were introduced and selected to provide ref- erences for choosing lily varieties with the best comprehensive performance and most appropriate for tropical area. [Method] In winter, six lily cultivars including White Express, Concad＇or, Aktiva, Donato, Star Fighter and Serano were planted outdoors in Hainan. Phenophase, morphological traits and cut flower quality of the tested cultivars were observed and compared in order to choose varieties suitable for Hainan. [Result] Their growth period ranged from 96 to 113 d with the mean of 105.3 d. Six cultivars had obvious differences in biological characteristics and cut- flower quality. Compared with the other 4 cultivars, Aktiva and Serano were superior for their bright color and beautiful shape, height uniformity, long florescence and strong growing. According to the comprehensive evaluation system of lily variety, the sequence was Serano 〉 Aktiva 〉 Concad＇or 〉 Star Fighter 〉 Donato 〉 White Ex- press. [Conclusion] The two cultivars of Aktiva and Serano with good characters are selected for further research and extension in Sanya of Hainan.

适宜湖南地区栽培的厚皮甜瓜品种筛选试验

为进一步丰富适宜湖南地区栽培的厚皮甜瓜新品种,国家西甜瓜产业技术体系邵阳综合试验站从国内甜瓜育种实力较强的单位引进31个网纹、光皮甜瓜品种,以湖南栽培面积较大的翠蜜5号为对照,对生长势、抗性、果实发育期、果实品质、产量等指标进行比较分析,结果表明,众天9号、纳斯蜜、黄梦脆、洛克星综合性状表现突出,适宜在湖南设施保护地推广。

桐梓县酒用小麦品种筛选

为了筛选出高产酒用小麦品种,满足生产需求,推动贵州省小麦行业发展,以高效栽培的方式种植酒用小麦。通过黔麦18号、黔麦22、贵农26、贵农29、贵农麦31等5个品种的数据与川麦6号对比。结果表明,重复1相比较于对照,每667 m^(2)贵农麦31增产84.34 kg、黔麦22增产66.67 kg、贵农29增产5 kg、贵农26增产4.34 kg、黔麦18减产56.67 kg。重复2相比较于对照,每667 m^(2)贵农麦31增产131.01 kg、黔麦22增产86.01 kg、贵农29增产26 kg、贵农26增产26 kg、黔麦18减产40.67 kg。重复3相比较于对照,每667 m^(2)贵农麦31增产131.68 kg、黔麦22增产56.67 kg、贵农29增产28.34 kg、贵农26增产5 kg、黔麦18减产40 kg。贵农麦31和黔麦22三次重复的小区产量和折合667 m^(2)产量均位于前列。因此,从5个品种中筛选出贵农麦31和黔麦22作为目标品种,建议推广种植。

番茄新品种引进及筛选试验

为丰富六盘水地区番茄种植品种,2022年对引进收集的5个番茄品种进行大棚及大田栽培品比试验。结果表明:早春大棚种植的盛美、粉贝利9号较对照品种分别增产71%、69%,抗病性、口感、商品性等综合表现最好,均适宜在六盘水大桥坝区及类似生态区早春设施栽培;此外,百世德021在大棚种植时产量较对照增加59%,抗病性及商品性等综合表现也较好,可在设施条件下适当搭配种植。大田栽培中,盛美、粉贝利9号分别较对照品种增产232%和170%,对晚疫病均表现为高抗和抗病,也可于露地推广种植;悦佳9015较对照增产145%,增幅也较大,对晚疫病表现为抗病,是参试品种中唯一的圆果形品种,且平均单株果数最多,可作为特色果在露地条件下少量搭配种植。

我国南方主推水稻品种氮效率筛选及评价

【目的】评价我国南方地区主推水稻品种氮效率,筛选氮高效和氮低效品种,并探索其高效和低效的原因及其生理机制。【方法】选用34份我国南方主推水稻品种,采用大田小区试验和盆栽试验,进行正常氮和低氮处理,利用产量法并结合产量构成因子、叶片SPAD值以及水稻地上部氮素累积量,筛选出氮高效和氮低效品种。【结果】1)在2011年大田试验中,34个品种正常氮处理产量大多高于低氮处理的产量。通过对氮效率的分析发现,徽两优6号、广两优35和天优华占3个品种具有较高的氮效率,分别达到1.11、1.02和1.00,而秀水134、富稻2号和五丰优7025的氮效率较低,分别为0.55、0.61和0.61。通过对各品种的产量构成因子分析发现,正常氮处理下,各品种产量构成因子大多高于低氮处理。在低氮条件下,氮高效品种的穗数和穗粒数以及千粒重均较高。通过筛选发现徽两优6号、广两优35和天优华占3个水稻品种表现为氮高效;秀水134、富稻2号和五丰优7025 3个品种表现为氮低效。2)通过2012年大田和盆栽试验的复筛,发现大田与盆栽试验结果基本一致。实际产量和理论产量均表现出徽两优6号和广两优35的产量和氮效率较高,秀水134、五丰优7025和富稻2号的氮效率较低。通过对各品种的产量构成因子分析发现,2012年大田试验中,在正常氮条件下,高效品种广两优35的穗数、千粒重均显著高于低效品种。在对SPAD值的分析中发现,2012年大田试验中,低氮处理下氮高效品种在同一生育时期其SPAD值普遍高于或者显著高于低效品种。2012年盆栽试验中,正常氮处理下,高效品种叶片SPAD值略高于低效品种。在对水稻地上部氮累积量的研究中发现,在正常氮处理下,不同生育期高效品种与低效品种间普遍没有显著性差异,仅低效品种秀水134显著低于其它几个品种;而在低氮处理下,在分蘖期高效品种与低效品种并无显著性差异,甚至高效品种徽两优6号氮素累积量还要低于低效品种;但在灌浆期和成熟期,两个高效品种的氮素累积量高于或显著高于低效品种。【结论】确定广两优35为高效品种,秀水134为低效品种。氮高效品种在低氮胁迫下,能够获得较高的穗数和穗粒数,从而获得较高产量。特别在生育后期,高效品种地上部能够积累更多的氮素,从而可促进光合作用,提高碳、氮同化效率,并获得较高产量。

我国草莓新品种选育进展及育种实践

综述了我国草莓生产中的品种变迁、新品种的选育,介绍了江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所的草莓育种实践,提出了当前草莓育种工作中存在的不足及应对措施。

江淮地区“油蔬两用”油菜品种的筛选

为筛选适宜江淮地区推广种植的“油蔬两用”油菜品种，以皖油18为对照，采用Delphi法研究比较了16个优质油菜品种的菜薹产量、菜籽产量、营养品质与经济效益。结果表明：天禾油6号、中乐油2号、中乐油1号等8个品种的菜薹产量极显著或显著高于皖油18；绵油12号、秦优七号、润油188的菜籽产量比对照增产10．40％～21．48％；秦优七号、天禾油6号、华油1087、润油188的维生素C含量比对照高25．17％～44．67％；品种间菜薹营养品质差异不显著，中双8号、秦优七号、沪油16、润油188、天禾油6号的品质相对最佳；品种间总产值差异极显著。Delphi法综合评价结果：润油188、天禾油6号、绵油12号、秦优七号、华油1087适宜作为“油蔬两用”品种推广。