On the Cultivation & Maintenance of Gardening Plants in Residential Areas of Liuzhou City

According to the analysis of the specific condition of green space of residential area in Liuzhou,effective suggestions to the design,cultivation and maintenance were put forward.

Low Co-Cultivation Temperature at 20°C Resulted in the Reproducible Maximum Increase in Both the Fresh Weight Yield and Stable Expression of GUS Activity after <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i>-Mediated Transformation of Tobacco Leaf Disks

The importance of controlled temperature during the four-days co-cultivation period was evaluated under the most physiologically relevant conditions for Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Xanthi (nn, Smith)) leaf disks. We compared the effect of temperatures ranging from 15°C, 18°C, 20°C, 22°C to 25°C on the stable expression of β-glucuronidase (GUS) activity of 14 days old hygromycin-selected leaf disks, and on the increase in the fresh weight yield of 28 days old kanamycin-selected calli. The highest average of GUS activity was obtained at 20°C among the five temperatures tested although the difference between the 18°C and 20°C treatment was not statistically significant. The GUS activity at 15°C was statistically lower than those at 18°C and 20°C. The GUS activity in 22°C treatment was an intermediate between the highest (18/20°C) and second highest averages (15°C), and was not statistically significantly different. The lowest average of GUS activity was observed at 25°C. The highest increase in the plate average of fresh weight yield was obtained at 20°C among the five temperature tested. The 20°C treatment was statistically significantly better than the 15°C and 18°C treatments. The 20°C co-cultivation treatment resulted in the higher FW yield than 22°C and 25°C even though the differences were not statistically significant. In conclusion, low co-cultivation temperature at 20°C resulted in the reproducible maximum increase in both the fresh weight yield and stable expression of GUS activity after transformation of tobacco leaf disks.

Cultivation and Management of Low-carbon Scenic Spots——A case study of Yuntai Mountain Scenic Area in Henan Provicne of China

After analysis of connotation of low-carbon scenic spots,the paper considered that a perfect low-carbon scenic spot is a comprehensive integrity with satisfying tourists' lowest tourist experience effect as the premise and with low energy consumption,low pollution and low emission as the foundation.Low-carbon tourist scenic spots had been classified into three types which are ecological type,cultural type and coupling type of ecology and culture.Representatives of each type of tourist scenic spot were illustrated.It proposed that government should play the leading role in cultivation of low-carbon scenic spot;tourism industry should enhance self supervision;tourism development mode should be transformed and upgrading of tourist products should be realized.By taking Yuntai Mountain Scenic Area of Henan Province for example,based on low-carbon tourist resources,low-carbon development of management,following measures realizing low-carbon economy were put forward:① purifying air quality and beautifying environment of scenic area;② sifting laggard productivity and protecting ecological resources in the scenic area by many means;③ sticking to low-carbon environmental protection concept and completing infrastructure service;④ developing tourist native products and souvenirs based on local resources;⑤ applying electronic access control ticket system,intelligent monitor system and LED information and communication platform,so as to achieve low-carbon management.

Rural Tourism Development Model of Rice Cultivation Terrace Culture Heritage in Chongyi

The development of rural tourism is one of important measures for the protection and inheritance of agricultural cultural heritage,while agricultural cultural heritage also becomes decisive factor of promoting rural tourism development.They complement each other and develop together.In this paper,Hakka terrace of Chongyi,Ganzhou City,Jiangxi Province is taken as the research object,and its cultural heritage is interpreted and classified.It could be roughly divided into four aspects:farming belief and cultural legend,processing techniques of agricultural by-products,traditional farming technology experience,traditional eco-agricultural system and landscape.Based on the four aspects,combining local current tourism resource use situation,four kinds of rural tourism development models based on rice cultivation terrace culture heritage are summarized.

Cultivation and Management Technologies for New Banana Cultivar ‘Refen 1’(Musa Spp. ABB,Pisang Awak Subgroup)

Banana is one of the most important crops in tropical and subtropical regions of China. Fenjiao( Musa Spp. ABB,Pisang Awak subgroup) has been grown by small scale famers because of its stable market price and better sugar-acid blend. However,the traditional Fenjiao variety is susceptible to banana Fusarium wilt,has a high plant height( over 5. 0 m),and farmers lack large-scale planting techniques.Based on the traditional Fenjiao variety,we selected‘Refen 1’variety through mutagenesis technology,which has low temperature resistance,suitable to marginal soils and relatively low plant height( 3. 2-4. 0 m). This paper mainly introduces the major techniques of propagation,cultivation,and post-harvest stages of‘Refen 1’banana,including the selection of explant materials,treatment,disinfection,initial culture,nursery hardening of in vitro-produced banana plants,and transplant of tissue culture seedlings. The major points of the cultivation technology include banana plantation selection and preparation,planting methods,irrigation and fertilizer management,pruning and retaining,and prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests.

The Cultivation of Cultural Consciousness in Intercultural Communication

With the development of China's economy,the improvement of international influence,the adoption of"Belt and Road"strategy and the continuous development of foreign exchanges,the demand for intercultural communication is increasing with the growth of international interaction. Chinese people are the main force of international communication in the future and we will shoulder the important duty of spreading Chinese culture. So it is very important to cultivate people's competence of intercultural communication. The competence refers to not only the language itself but also the bilateral cultures. The paper firstly implies the significance of intercultural awareness under the background of"Belt and Road"strategy. The second part is related to the literature reviewof intercultural communication. And it goes to the achievements of "Belt and Road"and the strategies of cultivating intercultural consciousness. According to the research,one point should be clear,that is,the cultivation of cultural consciousness is very important in intercultural communication in the progress of"Belt and Road".

Outdoor Domestication Cultivation and Survival Mechanism for Tissue Culture Seedlings of Paeonia suffruticosa

In order to reveal the differences between different peony varieties and facilities,thousands of tissue culture seedlings of 21 Itoh peony varieties imported from abroad were used as test materials,and the peony domestication cultivation method used in the past was used as a control. The technical measures and mechanisms for the outdoor domestication of seedlings and the survival of field transplantation were studied. The results indicate that the main factors and measures for effectively protecting the outdoor transplanting of tissue culture seedlings include cultivating sound and strong seedlings,transplanting in proper period of spring,and providing good ventilating places and facilities,removing leaves,keeping buds and releasing dormancy before transplantation,planting depth should meet the requirement of exposing to the root neck,changing the pots according to the size of seedlings,the substrate should be loose and permeable,seriously disinfected and sterilized,scientific management,and prevention and control of diseases and insect pests. In addition,the survival mechanism was also analyzed,and the reasons and countermeasures for the successful application of peony tissue culture in China were found. Finally,the differences in survival rates between different varieties and facilities were summarized.

Optimizing integrative cultivation management improves grain quality while increasing yield and nitrogen use efficiency in rice

A major challenge in rice(Oryza sativa L.)production is to cope with increasing grain yield and fertilizer use efficiency without compromising grain quality.This study was designed to determine if optimizing integrative cultivation management in rice could improve grain quality while increase yield and nitrogen use efficiency(NUE).An indica-japonica hybrid rice cultivar and a japonica rice cultivar were grown in the field,with five cultivation managements including no N application(0 N),local farmer's practice(LFP),and three optimizi ng in teg rati ve cultivati on managements,reducing N rate and increasi ng plant density(ND),ND+alternate wetting and moderate soil drying irrigation(NDW),and NDW+applying rapeseed cake fertilizer(NDWR).The results showed that the optimizi ng integrative cultivati on man ageme nts could not only in crease grain yield,but also enhance NUE compared to LFP.Compared to LFP,NDWR sign ifica ntly in creased brow n,milled,head milled rice rate,ratio of the kern el le ngth to breadth and breakdown value of starch,whereas decreased amylose content,gel consiste ncy,prolamin con tent,setback value,perce ntage of chalky kern els,and chalki ness.The three optimizing in tegrative cultivation managements increased con tents of total protei ns,albumin and glutelin,activities of the key enzymes involved in the sucrose-starch con version in grains,root oxidati on activity,and malic and succinic acid concentrations in root exudates during the grain-filling period.The results suggested that optimizing integrative cultivation managements could improve grain quality meanwhile increase grain yield and NUE by enhancing physiological activities of rice plants.

Personnel Cultivation Program for Innovative and Entrepreneurial Biopharmaceutical Discipline under the Credit System

Biopharmaceutical discipline is an interdisciplinary subject with strong comprehensiveness and wide coverage. Under the background of credit system,it is an important task for application-oriented undergraduate colleges and universities to optimize the cultivation program for innovative and entrepreneurial bio-pharmaceutical professionals. According to the characteristics of biopharmaceutical discipline,Binzhou University biopharmaceutical teaching and research office,based on the social demand for biopharmaceutical discipline talents,defined the principle of optimizing the cultivation of innovative and entrepreneurial biopharmaceutical discipline talents,and constructed the cultivation program of innovative and entrepreneurial biopharmaceutical discipline talents under the credit system. The development of this cultivation program is expected to build a new mode for cultivating high-level biopharmaceutical professionals with strong innovative spirit and entrepreneurial potential.

Utilization of Ceramic Beads for Edible Mushrooms Cultivation

This study examined ceramic beads as a reusable material for cultivation of edible mushrooms. There are 20 species of popular edible mushrooms in Japan all of which were tested. Within the cultivation vessels, 70% were ceramic beads (diameter 1 cm) and 30% of the nutrient solution. Moreover, the control groups used several types of sawdust, wheat bran, and rice bran with the ratio of 8:1:1 as the substrate. Two sets of substrates were evaluated with the fruit bodies yield. The result indicated that there were 11 species that responded well with the ceramic bead substrate when compared to the traditional sawdust substrate with Agrocybe cylindrica and Pleurotus ostreatus performed the best adding 70 g more of the fruit bodies. Conversely, nine species responded poorly with the ceramic beads substrate with Auricularia polytricha performed the worst losing 120 g. Ceramic beads as a reusable material for substrates not only provide a clean and controllable environment for mycelium to colonize but also deliver more aeration and water availability inside the cultivation vessels. The application of the ceramic bead cultivation can be viewed as an alternative solution for producing Ophiocordyceps sinensis on the industrial level.

Study of Plant Cultivation Using a Light-Emitting Diode Illumination System to Control the Spectral Irradiance Distribution

In plant cultivation, the number of photons is more important than the light energy from the chemical reactions that occur during photosynthesis. In addition, the blue and red photon flux (B/R) ratio is an important parameter for plant cultivation. Here we discuss the effect of the spectral irradiance distribution and the B/R ratio on plant cultivation. We cultivated lettuce seedlings, Lactuca sativa L. Cv. Okayama, using a light-emitting diode illumination system that can precisely control the spectral irradiance distribution and B/R ratio. The B/R ratio varied from 0.36 to 2.06 according to the intensity of the blue light when the photosynthetic photon flux density values were sufficient to ensure the 150 - 200?&mu;mol&sdot;m&minus;2&sdot;s&minus;1.?High photon flux densities of blue light result in reduced plant length, plant height, and leaf area, thereby suggesting its role in the suppression of leaf growth. Therefore, we conclude that a lower photon flux of blue light (B/R Ratio) is optimal for lettuce cultivation.

A Method for Measuring the Degree of Fermentation of the Edible Mushroom Cultivation Substrate

In the study, eight treated substrates were designed to explore the possibility to determine the degree of fermentation of the substrate by the mycelial growth rate, whose main raw material includes?composted pine sawdust, oil tea shell and hickory shell respectively, and auxiliary materials contain rice bran, soybean powder, etc. The result showed that the shiitake mushroom grew well in 7 treatments whose mycelial growth rate could be measured on 3rd?days when the mycelial growth rates of P1, C1 and H1 were 5.0 mm/d, 9.66 m/s, 13.33?m/s.?Auricularia cornea?var.?Li exhibited the fastest growth on P1 substrate. And mycelial growth rates of P1, P0 and CK1 were 5.8 mm/d,?3.66?mm/d,?and?4.66 mm/d on 3rd?day, respectively. The growth rates?of?Pleurotusgeesteranus?of C1, CK2 and P0 were 9.0 mm/d,?11.66 mm/d,?and?4.00 mm/d on 3rd?day, respectively. So the degree of fermentation of the substrate could be determined within 3 days according to the mycelial growth rate. As the growth of edible fungi?is?affected by degree of fermentation of the substrate and there is little literature on degree of fermentation of edible fungi substrate, the study will provide theoretical and technical basis for determination of substrate fermentation.

Recovery of Baikiaea forest of southwestern Zambia from shifting cultivation and its implications for sustainable management

We studied the dominant species by age category of re-growth, and how subsistence forest use through shifting cultivation impacted on the floristic composition of Baikiaea forest. For re-growth stands, variable sampling method was adopted in data collection while in mature stands, a sample plot size of 50 m 9 50 m was used at each of three study sites. Distribution of species by age categories showed that shrub, herb, and grass species were abundant in young re-growth stands while woody vegetation became common with increasing age of the re-growth stand. Hierarchical clustering for common woody species showed several species associations with age categories and also with relatively undisturbed woodland. Common regeneration mechanisms of key woody species were mainly by seed(48%), coppicing(40%) and root suckers(12%). The young re-growth stands of 6–10 and 11–15 years were characterized by B. petersiana, B.massiensis, Combretum zeyheri, and Guibourtia coleosperma. Older stands(16–20 years after abandonment) were characterized by B. plurijuga, Pterocarpus antunesii, and Baphia massiensis, thus closely mimicking the relatively undisturbed forest whose dominant key woody species were B. plurijuga, P. antunesii, and G. coloesperma. There were many stems in younger stands(2–5 years) and fewer stems in older re-growth stands of 16–20 years after abandonment following shifting cultivation. Older regrowth stands(16–20 years) were similar to undisturbed stands(P \ 0.005). The similarity between re-growth stands of 16–20 years and control stands demonstrates the recovery of Baikiaea forest over time after cessation of shifting agriculture. Baikiaea forest requires some disturbance to perpetuate the dominant species and begins to show signs of recovery from shifting cultivation within16–20 years after abandonment. This is contrary to assertions that this ecosystem could take up to about 100 years for abandoned fields to begin showing signs of

Nanohybrid membrane in algal-membrane photoreactor: Microalgae cultivation and wastewater polishing

Microalgae cultivation has gained tremendous attention in recent years due to its great potential in green biofuel production and wastewater treatment application. Membrane technology is a great solution in separating the microalgae biomass while producing high quality of permeate for recycling. The main objective of this study was to investigate the filtration performance of Ag/GO-PVDF(silver/graphene oxide-polyvinylidene fluoride) membrane in an algalmembrane photoreactor(A-MPR) by benchmarking with a commercial PVDF(com-PVDF) membrane. In this study, Chlorella vulgaris microalgae was cultivated in synthetic wastewater in an A-MPR for ammoniacal-nitrogen and phosphorus recovery and the wastewater was further filtered using Ag/GO-PVDF and com-PVDF membranes to obtain high quality water. Spectrophotometer was used to analyze the chemical oxidation demand(COD), ammoniacal nitrogen(NH3-N) and phosphate(PO43-). The concentration of proteins and carbohydrates was measured using Bradford method and phenol-sulfuric acid method, respectively. The COD of the synthetic wastewater was reduced from(180.5 ± 5.6) ppm to(82 ± 2.6) ppm due to nutrient uptake by microalgae. Then, the Ag/GO-PVDF membrane was used to further purify the microalgae cultivated wastewater, resulting in a low COD permeate of(31 ± 4.6) ppm. The high removal rate of proteins(100%) and carbohydrates(86.6%) as the major foulant in microalgae filtration, with low membrane fouling propensity of Ag/GO-PVDF membrane is advantageous for the sustainable development of the microalgae production. Hence, the integrated A-MPR system is highly recommended as a promising approach for microalgae cultivation and wastewater polishing treatment.

Research on the Current Situation and Cultivation of English Learning Motivation of Non-English Majors

English is not only a language,but also a tool.There are many factors that affect students’English learning quality and ef?ficiency,among which the biggest one is learning motivation.At present,some non-English majors in our country lack the motiva?tion of English learning,and the phenomenon of students’grade differentiation becomes more and more obvious,which seriously affects the process and quality of English teaching in the whole class.Analyzing and exploring the present situation and cultivation of English learning motivation of non-English majors can improve the quality and level of English learning of Chinese college stu?dents as a whole.

ON THE TRANSPLANTATION AND CULTIVATION OF KAPPAPHYCUS ALVAREZII IN CHINA

A 2-year study on Koppophycus alvorezii (Doty )Doty introduced to Hainan Island from the Philippines in 1985 showed promising results.The average daily growth in weight reached 10% at a favourable temperature of about 26℃. Experimental results showed that timely cutting of the plant was an effective way to obtain new cuttings for cultivation and accelerate growth. New cuttings 0.05 kg in weight are suggested to be used as " seeds" and the old plant should be harvested. At present, artificial cultivation with a type of underwater raft applicable in places where there is strong wind will expand cultivation to more regions in Hainan Province.

Optimal agronomical practices package for wheat modelized cultivation management in Beijing area

Based on the principles of system engineering,economics theory and local conditionof production,studies carried out by taking“quadratic-regression-orthogonal-rotational” and ran-domized complete block designs to determine the Optimal Agronomical Practices Package（OAPP）for Wheat Modelized Cultivation Management（WMCM）by system decision-makinganalysis.The OAPP was expected to meet various goals of different levels of yield and economicbenefit of middle and high fertility land in Beijing area.Taking cultivar JINGDONG-1（"JD-1"）asan example,the OAPP for grain yield≥6750 kg/ha and net benefit≥360 US （?）/ha was consist-ed as follows:density=195 plants/m2;spring irrigation times=4（stem elongation,booting,flowering,and 20 days after anthesis）;fertilization=150-188 kg N/ha,113-128 kg P2O5/ha.

Introduction and Cultivation of Viola diffusa Ging and Its Gardening Application in Hubei

Distribution of Viola diffusa Ging in Hubei was introduced fi rst,then its biological and ecological characters,introduction and cultivation,and reproduction techniques elaborated. In addition,its gardening application in Wuhan was explored.

Some Thoughts on Talent Cultivation in Local Agricultural Colleges and Universities--A Case Study of Tianjin Agricultural University

According to the requirements of the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan for Cultivation of New Professional Farmers,developing agriculture through science and education,enhancing agriculture through talents,and consolidating agriculture though new professional farmers is adhered to as a major strategy. However,its implementation is faced with the imbalance between the educational level of the agricultural population and the number of agricultural population. To this end,local agricultural universities should be based on regional agricultural development,scientifically analyze the level and structure of the demand for talents in regional agricultural development,and find the right position,committed to cultivating applied talents for regional agricultural development and value linkages between agriculture and secondary and tertiary industries.

Evaluating the effect of price and non-price policy intervention on rice cultivation in Sierra Leone: A supply response model approach

Rice is the main food for over 95 percent of the Sierra Leonean populace. It accounts for the largest portion of the agricultural GDP of the country. On the contrary, its cultivation has been shrinking over the past decades. Consequently, importation now becomes the main source of supplying the grain for local needs since its cultivation or production could no longer meet domestic request. The deterioration in the local cultivation of rice has had severe socio-economic implications such as higher consumer prices and balance of payment burden. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of price and other related nonprice policy intervention on rice cultivation in the country. The tools utilized for analyzing the problem comprise, a coefficient of protection analysis as well as a supply response analysis by means of a time series regression (for the period 1980-2011). Major limitations established negatively affecting rice output are price disincentives to cultivators, public expenditure and fertilizer consumption. From the above findings, rice cultivators should be accorded the necessary incentives to keep them more effective in the rice cultivation career. The food policy approach that had over the years depended on huge importation of rice should be reviewed in favor of domestic cultivation. Increasing local cultivation through a meaningful protection of cultivators can independently reduce the price of rice to the advantage of the final consumers. This study also recommends that public funds should be redirected away from rice import toward investments in its domestic cultivation.