Teaching Literature Course in the Cultural Perspective

The course of English and American literature plays an important role in ELT （English Language Teaching）, however, English majors in class are tired of the conversationalist＇s introduction by the teacher of literary backgrounds, characters, plots, even the literary writing styles. Consequently, the course of literature goes into the bottleneck because of the null of cultural addition.The literature class seems out of moded, even CAI （Computing Aided Instruction） fails to motivate students. How to solve the problem？ This paper takes teaching methodology of literature in the cultural perspective to solve the problem. It is feasible for teachers to improve students＇ intercultural communication competence in cultural content imput in the literature course.

Research on the Japanese Vocabulary and Sentences Developmental Procedure under the Cultural Perspective

In this paper, we conduct theoretical research on the Japanese vocabulary and sentences developmental procedure under the cultural perspective. Japan nearly for hundreds of years of rapid development, the culture also is in rapid progress, coupled with cultural exchange between China and Japan has a long history of cultural exchanges between the two countries will be growing, reflect is the language of a culture, language is the carrier of culture, so, we need not only to learn the foreign language more need to understand the culture of other countries. Socalled culture in the initial stage of learning, refers to in the primary stage of language learning is introduced into cultural background and content of the language, to make the university language teaching into the society culture, realize the best purpose of the foreign language teaching and the highest efficiency in the language learning culture learning and decisive role in promoting. Our research proposes the novel paradigm for basic research of the Japanese language which holds special significance.

Explaining the Private College Students＇ English Academic Ability by Social Cultural Perspective

From the perspective of the sociocultural theory （SCI）, this article examines Chinese students＇ present states of English academic achievements in some private colleges by investigating teacher-student interaction. It then analyzes underlying factors influencing learner＇s academic ability. Finally it investigates some efficient class teaching strategies to promote their academic development, using class interventions such as the know-want-learn strategy （KWL）, the object-explore-success-happy strategy （OESH）, the cooperative project between students and teacher＇s strategy （CPST） and so on. Theoretically, the paper aims to place the SCT perspectives in the foreground. Pedagogically, it attempts to raise teacher-practitioners＇ wisdom so as to enhance learners＇ English academic achievements from the affective perspective.

Language Mirrors Culture With Speech Styles

Knowledge of the culture difference in inter-cultural communicative is of primary importance. It is so in Sino-American communication, especially in speech, one of the two means of communication through language, with the other being writing. American and Chinese, brought up in different cultures, have different speech styles. Diversity in speech styles not only involves communication through verbal speech, but also through such non-verbal acts as kinesics, proxemics, and paralinguistic elements. Here the speech styles in the two cultures, American and Chinese, are contrasted with examples from a cultural perspective.

The Effects of Psychological Schema in Communication Behaviors

This study investigates the influence of psychological schema and communication behaviors in communication. Just as different disciplines and theorists use different concepts for different purposes, individuals may have different mental patterns of communication depending on their experience. The effects of different psychological behaviors can differ dramatically. The process of culture acquisition and communication is extremely a complex psychological process. Psychological schema determines how communicators analyze other people＇s information and respond with their own judgment about the speakers＇ cultural perspectives. The negative effect of the anomalous individual psychological element is fundamentally a mental process. It has a deep impact on people＇s communicative behaviors.

Understanding and Supporting Chinese ESL Students＇ Language Development and Pedagogical Acculturation

This paper is a brief summary of the authors＇ advising discourse with international ESL （English as a Second Language） students whose first language is Chinese. For these international students in the United States, being successful academically in a graduate education program requires more than a high entering score of TOEFL （Test of English as a Foreign Language） or GRE （Graduate Record Examination）. To support their journey toward proficiency in academic language for teacher training field, we must consider and address three elements： （1） linguistic differentiation, （2） cultural paradigm shift, and （3） negotiation between cultural perspectives

The Same Term but Different Connotations:Cultural and Historical Perspectives on Studying the Academic Profession in China and Other Asian Countries

Through experiencing and reviewing multiple-country endeavors in academic profession study and participating in a new project regarding the academic profession in Asia,the author pinpoints and anticipates the shortcomings of study alone or dominantly questionnaire-based and ignoring the broader social context.The author proposes a new perspective or methodology to mitigate these shortcomings.The traditional approach focuses on commonalities rather than differences of the academic profession in a variety of countries.By comparing identical questionnaires,it is easy to conclude that,according to some indicators,the academic profession in developing countries,a category in which most Asian countries belong,is inferior to that in developed countries by a certain magnitude.This research strategy will devalue the research efforts on the academic profession in Asia.The academic profession is a complicated phenomenon,and it requires a sophisticated research methodology.The characteristics of the academic profession in Asia can be induced by empirically studying its relationship with the institutional environments in which the academic profession is embedded.In addition,all developing countries in Asia are undergoing a process of modernization.This dynamic feature is valuable and deserves exploration.The institutional environments in Asia can be demonstrated and illustrated via cultural and historical lenses.The purpose of this paper is to review international projects and literature regarding the academic profession.This review tries to be both critical and constructive,and shed light on newly initiated projects in the Asian academic profession.Two major research questions are raised by the author:What is the scholarly value of the new project?What strategy can researchers employ for this endeavor?Past research is dominated by the structure-function paradigm and cross-sectional questionnaire method.This approach has both strengths and weaknesses.Historical and cultural perspectives are proposed to overcome the Cultural and Historical Perspectives on Studying the Academic Profession existing limitations and explore the potential value of the new academic effort.

AIRWAY SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS CULTURE AND APPLYING PERSPECTIVES

In order to study the physiological or pathophysiological responsiveness, airway smooth muscle cells were isolated from the rat trachea and cultured. The tracheas of adult rats were obtained by autopsy within 30 minutes after death and placed into a modified Hank’s solution. The experiments were performed on the large branches of the rat bronchi following entry into the lung. At the terminal level of the airway, no cartilage segments were seen. The muscle layer was prepared by careful removal of the connective tissue, cut into small pieces (1 mm3), and dispersed enzymatically (collagenase, elastase) into single cells. Freshly isolated cells could be used the same day. The small muscle pieces and isolated cells were cultured in the modified Hank’s or modified Eagle’s medium with 5% CO2 at 37℃ .

SPECIAL ISSUE： DIALOGUE, INTERACTION AND NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN PHILOSOPHY IN CONTEMPORARY CHINA- SPECIALIST FORUM ON CHINESE, WESTERN AND MARXIST PHILOSOPHIES：The development of Western philosophy in China and dialogue between Chinese, Western and Marxist philosophies

Dialogue between Chinese, Western and Marxist philosophies reflects the openness of China＇s philosophical community. The mutual interpretation of philosophies with different cultural backgrounds and theoretical approaches will inevitably bring about new philosophy. Oriented to problems facing the entire humanity and listing on top of Chinese people＇s concerns, such dialogue aims to offer solutions from respective cultural perspective and mode of thinking of each party. In this regard, the dialogue also represents an important form of philosophical development.