Culture Street—The Hub of Tianjin's Cultural Roots

Culture Street is the place which no visitor to Tianjin will want to miss. There one can find Qing-style mansions stretching for more than six hundred metres, displays of antiques and per-formances of well-preserved cultural activities. The street is located at the northeastern corner of old Tianjin city where the roots of the city’s history and culture lie. Two hundred years ago when Tianjin was a small port, Tianhou (Goddess of the Temple) was already there. Merchants and those who were traveling away from home by sea would all go to the temple to ask for the god-

The Rise of Aesthetic Anthropology in the Marginal Culture

At the turn of the century, the development of aesthetics encounters severe challenges and is trapped in a crisis. To get out of it, it is necessary to dig deeper in the study of aesthetics. The fact that the marginal areas＇ cultural heritage, agricultural culture, industrial culture and post-industrial culture often coexist in a harmonious way in a nation or the same area attracts the attention of aesthetic anthropologists. The paper mainly analyzes the constructive relationship between the culture of marginal areas and aesthetic anthropology, and discusses how to establish a relationship between them with the help of the development model of Yunnan＇s marginal culture.

The Impact of Employees＇ National/Regional Culture on the Adaptation to Organizational Culture

In respect of all forms of enterprises, whether it is a private or public institution, labor cohesion and productivity is one of the most emphasized issues. Culture, on the other hand, can be characterized as one of the inextricable and hardly ever alterable features of human kind. Whether the profession cohesion and accordingly productivity of those employed within a culture discrepant from their culture of origin both due to the effect of globalization and domestic conditions are culturally affected is a question of importance, which must be answered with regard to state, institution, and employee. The occupational obligation to work in various regions, encountered in public employees at a national scale, particularly in the fields of education and health, and identified with legislative regulations, has become a reason of preference due to economic justifications for private sector employees. Hofstede （1990）, who divides culture, in general, into two, national and organizational, has presented five parameters for the elucidation of cultures. These are ＂power distance＂, ＂individualism vs. collectivism＂, ＂masculinity vs. femininity＂, ＂uncertainty avoidance＂, and ＂long and short term orientation＂. By means of power distance, the conception by an organization or social structure of power distribution of its members is queried. In other words, the difficulty or simplicity in people establishing communication with more influential individuals of the society is evaluated. Individualism vs. collectivism is with regard to whether individuals consider themselves as a distinct individual or a member of a group. Masculinity vs. femininity is the parameter, explanatory of the mentality, rather than a form of gender discrimination. Masculine cultures attach more importance to competition, force, and achievement whereas feminine societies place emphasis on emotions and life quality. Uncertainty avoidance is associated with the attitude of societies towards uncertainties. While some may not pay attention to uncertainties, for others, situations without clear boundaries may be registered as a threat. Long and short term orientation is related to long or short term planned by＇ people and accordingly bearing expectations and in other respects, displays the past, present, and future oriented thinking tendency. Within the scope of this study, it is aimed to identify the positive or negative impact of the culture of origin of university staff, to be designated in Istanbul/Turkey, on the organizational culture. By means of the results of the aforementioned study, the comparison of cohesion is in terms of ability to communicate and accordingly productivity, within the frame of Hofstede＇s cultural dimensions, between those employed within their culture （of origin） and those employed in different cultures. In pursuant of the results obtained from this study, an opinion can be formed for the regulations to be issued on the matter on national scale. At institutional scale, contributions can be made in the assessment of employee productivity from the aforesaid perspective and in terms of the employee, awareness can be raised on the impact of working within the body of different cultures.

Ghana＇s Presidential Seats and Sword of State： Aesthetic Manifestation of Kwame Nkrumah＇ s Cultural Policy on Ghana＇s Political Culture

This study explores the aesthetic dimensions of Kwame Nkrumah＇s cultural policies in the creation of Ghana＇s Presidential Seats and the State Sword. The study is an Art Historical research situated within the qualitative research paradigm. It had a population of a defmed class of cultural policy makers, art historians, traditional rulers, nationalists, visual artists and Ghanaians resident both in and outside Ghana. The study examined how the creation of Ghana＇s Presidential Seats and the State Sword were influenced by Kwame Nkrumah＇s cultural policies and the cultural significance of the aesthetic interplay of ethnic insignias used in capturing the Ghanaian concept of Political authority. The study revealed that, Nkrumah recognised the cultural art forms and elements of ethnic Ghana as assets for national development. In line with his policy of building the Nation State of Ghana, he used ethnic cultural art forms and elements. At independence, Nkrumah commissioned some visual artist to create some artistic pieces （politico-cultural artefacts） for the Ghanaian political authority with inspiration or based on what pertains in the traditional authority （Chieftaincy） of Ghana. Politico-cultural artefacts as used in this study refer to the artefacts produced based on the cultural concepts of the ethnic states for the use of the political authority of the Republic of Ghana. Among these artistic pieces are the three Presidential Seats, The State Sword, The President＇s Personal Standard Pole and the State Mace.

The Influence of Miao Nationality’s Culture in Yuan Xiang Region on the Later Poetry Creation of Qu Yuan

Miao culture is one of the minority cultures in China.It also has a certain impact on the development of Chinese literature and poetry.Chu ci is a new poetic style created by Qu Yuan,an ancient poet in China.It is the first collection of romantic poetry in the history of Chinese literature.Qu Yuan’s poetry creation is related to his life experience.Qu Yuan was exiled to Yuan Xiang region,and he had been in contact with the Miao ancestors in Yuan Xiang area during the exile.Therefore,the Miao land culture in Yuan Xiang area has a profound influence on Qu Yuan’s later poetry creation.This paper,taking Qu Yuan’s later poetry as an example,analyzes the influence of Miao culture on Chu ci in Yuan Xiang area,introduces Qu Yuan’s life and how to contact Miao culture,and probes into the influence of Miao nationality’s religious thought,customs,language and culture,oral folk song and pan song on the later poetry creation of Qu Yuan.

A Study on the Belt and Road Initiative and the Promotion of International Competitiveness of China's Culture Industry

China's pioneering the Belt and Road initiative not only provides a broad space for China's culture industry to enhance international competitiveness, but also puts forward a major project. It includes: optimize and integrate strategic resources through connectivity, cultivate export-oriented cultural enterprises to promote the main body of the industry, optimize the structure of cultural trade by expanding cultural services exports, and build win-win cooperation networks through the connections between Silk Road Cities. This will both contribute to the global distribution and resource allocation of China's culture industry, and benefit the construction of mutually beneficial and cooperative international culture industry communities, so the countries and people of the Belt and Road regions can share their cultural wealth.

Ruins of China’s Ancient Culture

APPROXIMATELY 6,000-7,000years ago China’s primitive so-ciety gradually progressed toits prosperous period.The body shapeof peopel at that time was entirely thesama as modern people.Primitive agriculture started,people began to raise livestock and live a more sedentary life.Clan villages appeared.However,because of natural disasters and other factors,the primitive people had to constantly change their habitats.Over time,these habitats submerged into ruins,which became bases for archaeologistss in their study of primitive man and his social conditions.

Historical Contributions and Innovative Development of China's Inclusive Culture

Inclusive culture is a dynamic pattern of cultural integration and innovative development formed in the interactions between man and nature, man and society, and man and others. Chinese culture is among the sources of inclusive culture. Being inheritable, open, assimilative, innovative and self–driven, this inclusive culture significantly contributes to China's ideological evolution, ethnic integration, religious development, economic openness, literature and art prosperity, as well as political wisdom in building a community with a shared future for mankind. Inclusiveness is key to the lasting and sustainable development of traditional Chinese culture. During China's construction of a great modern socialist country, the CPC's leadership over cultural innovation and development must be strengthened; a strong cultural confidence must always be maintained; the prosperity of socialist culture with Chinese characteristics must be further enhanced; the sustainable and integrated development of socialist culture with Chinese characteristics must be promoted; people's need for an enriched cultural life must be satisfied; and more efforts must be made to build a community with a shared future for mankind. Only in this way can the light of China's inclusive culture illuminate the future of globalization.