Numerical simulation of flow field deposition and erosion characteristics around bridge-road transition section

Wind-sand flow generates erosion and deposition around obstacles such as bridges and roadbeds, resulting in sand damage and endangering railway systems in sandy regions. Previous studies have mainly focused on the flow field around roadbeds, overlooking detailed examinations of sand particle erosion and deposition patterns near bridges and roadbeds. This study employs numerical simulations to analyze the influence of varying heights and wind speeds on sand deposition and erosion characteristics at different locations: the bridge-road transition section(side piers), middle piers, and roadbeds. The results show that the side piers, experience greater accumulation than the middle piers. Similarly, the leeward side of the roadbed witnesses more deposition compared to the windward side. Another finding reveals a reduced sand deposition length as the vertical profile, in alignment with the wind direction, moves further from the bridge abutments at the same clearance height. As wind speeds rise, there’s a decline in sand deposition and a marked increase in erosion around the side piers, middle piers and roadbeds. In conclusion, a bridge clearance that’s too low can cause intense sand damage near the side piers, while an extremely high roadbed may lead to extensive surface sand deposition. Hence, railway bridges in areas prone to sandy winds should strike a balance in clearance height. This research provides valuable guidelines for determining the most suitable bridge and roadbed heights in regions affected by wind and sand.

Structural Design of Roadbed and Pavement in Transition Section of Roads and Bridges

As the lifeline of social development,road and bridge projects are the main channel to realize resource transportation and economic circulation.Ensuring the quality of road and bridge project construction is crucial for the development of society,the economy,and people’s livelihoods.This paper studies the design of roadbed pavement structures in road and bridge transition sections.It aims to provide technical references and significance for China’s road and bridge engineering design and construction units,promoting scientific and standardized design in these actions.This will contribute to the safety and stable operation of road and bridge projects,offering effective technical support.Furthermore,it seeks to foster the sustainable and healthy development of China’s road and bridge engineering on a macro level.

Load Transferring Mechanism on Transition Section of Composite Bucket Foundation for Offshore Wind Turbines

The composite bucket foundation (CBF) is a new kind of foundation which has been applied in the offshore wind industry. A reasonable connection pattern between the tower and the CBF top cover is crucial for load transmissions from the superstructure. Therefore, it is essential to choose an optimum structure type for the transition section. The line type and the arc transition section models were established by ABAQUS, and the internal forces of cross section were extracted along the height direction. Specifically, the force transfer mechanism for different types of the transition sections was investigated comparatively with monotonic as well as composite loadings. The results show that the curved transition structure exhibits the better mechanical characteristics under the monotonic and composite loadings, and the reason can be illustrated that its specific arc-shape structure can effectively convert the tremendous bending moment from the turbine tower into the limited tensile and compressive stresses downwards, without the occurrence of force concentration. © 2017, Tianjin University and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Modeling and Analysis of Transitional Tube with Constant Sectional Area along Derivative Central Route

Firstly, sample square-circular transition tube along straight central route was modeled on CATIA software. The parameters are as follows： let the tube length is L, and the constant cross section area is S, and S = πR^2 = a2, in which R stands for the circle radius on one end, and a the square side length on the other end; set up the coordinate system with OX axis on the central route in which the origin O is on centroid of the square end and assume the cross section size at x as the square shaped with all four comers filleted in radius r which is proportional to x, that is, the linear slope of r is R/L, thus, both values r and square side length ax can be attained on the constant cross section area assumption. Secondly, some sample polygonal-circular transition tubes along straight, circular and helical central route were implemented similarly. Thirdly, numerical analysis of stress and displacement of these tubes were carried out on MSC/PATRAN software which are important to the distribution of turbulent flow and the layout of these transitional tube structures.

Finite element analysis on impact of foundation treatment in bridgehead transition section upon bridge piles

In order to decrease relative settlement, foundation treatment plays an extremely important role in bridgehead transition section, especially, the situation of building the bridge piles firstly, and then processing piles. On the basis of engineering practice, the authors analyzed the influence of foundation treatment on bridge piles in bridgehead transition section by finite-element method (FEM). This research has positive significance in predicting displacement of bridge pile, directing construction of foundation treatment, and improving quality of engineering and so forth.

Design Strategy of Highway Speed Transition Section

In this paper,combined with the relevant speed theory and characteristics of the law,the current highway speed transition design problems are studied and analyzed.In the process of specific analysis,mainly combined with the characteristics of different types of highway speed changes and road section design requirements,this paper studies and analyzes the design methods of different types of highway speed transition section.And on this basis,according to the design principles and requirements of highway operation speed transition section,the paper summarizes the matters needing attention in the design of highway operation speed transition section,in order to provide certain reference value for relevant personnel.

FE Analysis of Longitudinal Dynamic Response of Subgrade in Bridge-Subgrade Transition of Heavy Haul Railway

With the increase of axle load and the train speed, dynamic interaction of train-track system becomes so exacerbated that the deformation and dynamic response of subgrade are more aggravated. The differential settlement will be created in bridge-embankment transition section under such dynamic action, and an adverse effect on the train operation safety can be caused. Meanwhile, differential settlement will produce additional dynamic effect when high-speed trains go through the transition between bridge-embankment. Such dynamic action will aggravate the differential settlement and subgrade damage. This paper applies the methods of field test and finite-element to systematically study the dynamic response characteristics of subgrade in bridge-embankment transition section of heavy haul railway under dynamic load for the first time. This research is focused on the analysis of influence of the different axle load, train speed, filled soil modulus, etc.. At last, the dynamic response rules are systematically summarized.

The Research of Urban Rail Transit Sectional Passenger Flow Prediction Method

This paper studies the short-term prediction methods of sectional passenger flow, and selects BP neural network combined with the characteristics of sectional passenger flow itself. With a case study, we design three different schemes. We use Matlab to realize the prediction of the sectional passenger flow of the Beijing subway Line 2 and make comparative analysis. The empirical research shows that combining data characteristics of sectional passenger flow with the BP neural network have good prediction accuracy.

Fine-grained gravity flow sedimentation and its influence on development of shale oil sweet sections in lacustrine basins in China

The geological conditions and processes of fine-grained gravity flow sedimentation in continental lacustrine basins in China are analyzed to construct the model of fine-grained gravity flow sedimentation in lacustrine basin,reveal the development laws of fine-grained deposits and source-reservoir,and identify the sweet sections of shale oil.The results show that fine-grained gravity flow is one of the important sedimentary processes in deep lake environment,and it can transport fine-grained clasts and organic matter in shallow water to deep lake,forming sweet sections and high-quality source rocks of shale oil.Fine-grained gravity flow deposits in deep waters of lacustrine basins in China are mainly fine-grained high-density flow,fine-grained turbidity flow(including surge-like turbidity flow and fine-grained hyperpycnal flow),fine-grained viscous flow(including fine-grained debris flow and mud flow),and fine-grained transitional flow deposits.The distribution of fine-grained gravity flow deposits in the warm and humid unbalanced lacustrine basins are controlled by lake-level fluctuation,flooding events,and lakebed paleogeomorphology.During the lake-level rise,fine-grained hyperpycnal flow caused by flooding formed fine-grained channel–levee–lobe system in the flat area of the deep lake.During the lake-level fall,the sublacustrine fan system represented by unconfined channel was developed in the flexural slope breaks and sedimentary slopes of depressed lacustrine basins,and in the steep slopes of faulted lacustrine basins;the sublacustrine fan system with confined or unconfined channel was developed on the gentle slopes and in axial direction of faulted lacustrine basins,with fine-grained gravity flow deposits possibly existing in the lower fan.Within the fourth-order sequences,transgression might lead to organic-rich shale and fine-grained hyperpycnal flow deposits,while regression might cause fine-grained high-density flow,surge-like turbidity flow,fine-grained debris flow,mud flow,and fine-grained transitional flow deposits.Since the Permian,in the shale strata of lacustrine basins in China,multiple transgression-regression cycles of fourth-order sequences have formed multiple source-reservoir assemblages.Diverse fine-grained gravity flow sedimentation processes have created sweet sections of thin siltstone consisting of fine-grained high-density flow,fine-grained hyperpycnal flow and surge-like turbidity flow deposits,sweet sections with interbeds of mudstone and siltstone formed by fine-grained transitional flows,and sweet sections of shale containing silty and muddy clasts and with horizontal bedding formed by fine-grained debris flow and mud flow.The model of fine-grained gravity flow sedimentation in lacustrine basin is significant for the scientific evaluation of sweet shale oil reservoir and organic-rich source rock.

空基回收拖曳系统直线-盘旋转接段运动轨迹设计

针对气流扰动下空基回收拖曳系统在直线-盘旋转接段飞行过程中的拖曳浮标稳定问题,提出一种基于微分平坦理论的拖曳系统转接段运动轨迹的设计方法,通过设计母机运动轨迹间接地控制拖曳浮标沿着预设的转接轨迹安全、平稳、精准地转接飞行。采用质点-弹簧离散缆绳模型构建母机-缆绳-浮标组合体多体动力学模型;在证明拖曳系统具备微分平坦特性的基础上,以拖曳浮标三轴位置为平坦输出,所提方法以期浮标沿着预设安全转接段轨迹飞行;结合拖曳浮标直线飞行状态与盘旋飞行状态设计拖曳浮标转接段飞行轨迹。通过平静大气、多种常值风及阵风气流扰动场景下的仿真算例结果表明,所提方法能够实现拖曳浮标在直线-盘旋转接段的稳定飞行。

基于DEM-FDM耦合的过渡段膨胀诱发钢轨上拱研究

研究目的:为分析涵洞过渡段地基膨胀引起的钢轨上拱响应,基于现场测试、室内膨胀试验数据,开展DEM-FDM耦合数值模拟,分析某涵洞附近路基土在膨胀范围为16 m,膨胀中心距离涵洞中心分别为0 m、5 m、10 m这三种工况下,不同膨胀率时基床填料的运动规律及钢轨的上拱响应。研究结论:(1)涵洞对于钢轨上拱位移的传递存在阻断作用,但会增大钢轨上拱的峰值,原位膨胀率下工况二的钢轨上拱峰值达到46 mm,当路基膨胀率为0.3%时钢轨上拱位移量达到无砟轨道钢轨可调节临界值(4mm);(2)过渡段钢轨上拱处同时产生轴向应力集中,其中原位膨胀率下工况二轴向应力峰值达到14.4 MPa;(3)对于膨胀区域位于涵洞下方的工况,钢轨轴向应力呈现出来的分布规律为钢轨上拱拱顶处为主拉应力状态,拱脚处为主压应力状态,因此一共包括三个压应力峰值点以及两个拉应力峰值点;(4)本文研究可为高铁涵洞过渡段路基膨胀病害解决方案的确定提供理论依据。

路堤-桥梁过渡段车辆气动力风洞试验研究

为了探究路堤-桥梁过渡段处车辆的气动力,建立1:50的大比例尺路堤-桥梁过渡段和车辆试验模型,在桥梁和路堤段分别布置两种风屏障,并在车辆模型表面布置多个测压点,以研究不同防风措施下处于不同风向角的路桥过渡段车辆气动力。试验结果表明:与无防风措施相比,布置桥梁风屏障后最不利风向角会从-15°变为0°,此风向下过渡段处车辆的三分力最大;再进一步布置路堤风屏障后最不利风向角不变,但大幅度减小了0°风向角下车辆的侧力系数和力矩系数;布置路堤风屏障能有效减小车辆所受三分力;不同风向角下改变陆地风屏障参数产生的影响不同,针对路堤-桥梁过渡段布置防风措施时,应充分考虑其来流方向,以达到最优效果。

广东省二、三级医疗机构延续护理部门设立及运作现况调查

目的:了解广东省二、三级医疗机构延续护理部门的设立及运作情况,为医疗机构建设延续护理部门、开展延续护理提供参考和借鉴。方法:采用便利抽样法于2023年5月4日—19日选取广东省110所二、三级医疗机构的护理管理人员进行调查,调查其所在医疗机构延续护理部门的建立情况、运作情况、阻滞因素及相关建议。结果:110所医疗机构中有35所(31.82%)设立了延续护理部门,58所(52.73%)拟计划开展延续护理服务,17所(15.45%)暂无设立延续护理部门及开展延续护理的计划。已开展延续护理的35所医疗机构中,2010年前设立延续护理部门的有3所(8.57%),2010—2018年有9所(25.71%),2019年至今有23所(65.71%)。35所医疗机构延续护理运作情况良好,但在医疗收费、医院-社区联动及延续护理质量指标设置方面需进一步加强和完善。51所(46.36%)医疗机构认为设立延续护理部门开展延续护理服务无障碍,59所(53.64%)认为存在障碍,障碍因素主要包括人力资源短缺(79.66%)、经济效益受限(76.27%)、实施场地缺乏(54.24%)、不知如何开展(32.20%)、院领导不支持(23.73%)等。结论:因缺乏统一、规范的标准及指南,广东省二、三级医疗机构延续护理部门的设立及运作情况参差不齐且存在多方面争议、困惑及不足。建议从“相关政策制度、部门组织架构、信息共享与协调机制、服务收费与支付机制、延续护理质量评价指标、工作人员绩效”等方面完善延续护理部门的设立及运作,从而推进延续护理的发展,助力实施健康中国战略。

运营期纵连板式无砟轨道端刺结构位移特征

研究目的:Π型端刺锚固体系是纵连板式无砟轨道路桥过渡段限制轨道结构位移的关键部位。本文考虑轨道结构与桥梁及摩擦板、端刺与土体的非线性相互作用关系,建立轨道-桥梁-路基-端刺结构一体化计算模型,研究锚固结构服役状态下的位移特征,分析端刺与路基不同脱空位置对结构位移的影响,提出注浆填补层间脱空的增强方案,并对其可行性进行论证。研究结论:(1)端刺与路基完全脱空后,纵向位移相比脱空前大幅增加且超过了3 mm位移限值,脱空引起的路基对端刺结构摩阻力、锚固力下降会导致端刺产生超量位移;(2)摩擦板区域的脱空对端刺位移影响很小,主端刺区域脱空和完全脱空引起的端刺纵向位移只相差0.11 mm,所以主端刺区域路基脱空是引发结构超量位移的主因;(3)采用注浆方式对脱空区域路基进行加固整治后端刺的纵向位移降低了3.5 mm左右,端刺结构位移恢复到了与正常服役状况相近的程度;(4)本研究成果可为现场Π型端刺结构超量位移整治提供一定的理论依据。

不同防风设施过渡段接触网风场特性分析

研究目的:大风经不同防风设施过渡段后形成涡流区,在接触网及承力索附近形成大风增速区,加大接触网的风偏和振动,对接触网的安全性、稳定性及抗疲劳性产生更大影响。为研究不同防风设施过渡段接触网处的风场特性,根据兰新高铁明洞与路基挡风墙防风过渡段的典型结构,基于数值计算及风洞试验,对列车在隧道、明洞、挡风屏和挡风墙等不同防风设施运行时的接触网处风场特性进行研究。研究结论:(1)不同线路结构风速变化规律基本一致,来流风速经过车身绕流作用,风速先急剧增大,随着列车逐渐远离监测点,风速减小并最后趋于稳定;(2)防风设施过渡段承力索处风速较接触线处大;(3)不同防风设施过渡段隧道口及隧道与路基挡风墙过渡段风速峰值较大,运行时应给予重点关注,建议采用弹性定位器等措施,改善弓网的运行状态;(4)本研究成果可为防风设施过渡段的接触网设计提供依据。

某高速公路深厚软基路桥过渡段跳车病害处治研究

结合某在役高速公路路堤深厚软基桥头跳车实测累计沉降量40.60 cm病害处治工程,开展室内土工试验、理论计算及GEO5模型计算分析。结果表明:15年内的累计剩余沉降量均超规范中桥头路基容许工后剩余沉降量不大于10.00 cm要求;提出“CFG桩+路面重铺”等处治方案,进行检算校核,计算得剩余总沉降量9.76cm,表明处治设计方案较为可靠。结合工点需保通及基底存在前期已施工CFG桩特点,制定通车条件下的施工顺序及工艺,确保方案可行。

城市轨道交通牵引供电系统专用轨回流技术综述

近年来,为彻底解决城市轨道交通直流供电制式下杂散电流的泄漏问题,开始应用专用轨回流技术。为充分了解专用轨回流方式给城市轨道交通建设带来的变化和影响,文章首先采用对比的方法,分别从供电系统组成、牵引所间距、接地方式、接地保护、列车检修静调、限界、车辆和轨道设计几个方面与走行轨回流方式进行比较;其次,针对目前几种专用轨电分段原则的特点对其进行比对,得出专用轨只有在与折返小交路电分段对齐设置分段时对运营维护将更有利的结论;再次,针对存在多条线大架修共享同一车辆基地,不同回流方式线路间存在跨线运行的情况,简述回流方式转换段设置的工程应用案例;最后,展望未来专用轨回流技术在城市轨道交通牵引供电系统的发展方向。

双块式无砟轨道端梁区高温拱曲影响因素及控制技术

针对高速铁路双块式无砟轨道线路路基段两头端梁区附近道床板上拱问题,采用有限元方法,研究不同温度组合、路基段长度及端梁桩土约束刚度对道床板上拱的影响规律。结果表明:道床板的温度变形是引起上拱的主因,但支承层的变形扰动及其与道床板的温度变形组合效应不可忽视;随着路基段长度的增加,上拱幅值增加趋势明显;端梁的桩土约束对上拱的影响较为复杂,在中间某一特定约束刚度时上拱达到峰值,而当约束刚度无论变大或变小,上拱都呈现变小的趋势;断开支承层对控制高温上拱变形效果不显著,断开道床板则效果显著,但需协调考虑对应区段的钢轨受力。

基于行驶舒适性的路桥过渡段差异沉降控制阈值

为解决传统路面结构路桥过渡段差异沉降过大和二次跳车问题,结合路桥工程实践,通过将桥头搭板放置一定深度和设置两级枕梁,并将桥头搭板与枕梁现浇在一起的方式,提出一种刚柔连续过渡的桥头搭板结构,用以改善桥头路基的应力分布及变形;同时为研究不同等级公路的路桥过渡段差异沉降控制阈值,给出量化指标,通过分析桥头跳车作用机理,根据车辆振动系统输入激励与输出响应的关系,建立二维五自由度车辆振动模型,并根据不同等级公路的路桥过渡段处治情况,建立相应的计算模型,编写程序求解人体加权加速度均方根值,根据人体舒适程度分级情况确定不同等级公路的路桥过渡段差异沉降控制阈值。结果表明:高速公路一级公路、二级公路和三级公路的路桥过渡段差异沉降控制阈值为将容许搭板纵坡变化值控制在0.30%~0.40%、0.40%~0.55%、0.50%~0.75%和0.95%~1.35%,四级公路的路桥过渡段差异沉降控制阈值为台阶高度控制在0.05m以内。

极限轨面折角条件下高速铁路路桥过渡段动力特性

为了探究路桥过渡段在高速行车条件下的动力特性,建立传统型、搭板型和桩板型三种形式路桥过渡段的三维有限元模型,研究1‰极限轨面折角以及350、400 km/h两种车速条件下三种路桥过渡段的动力响应。结果表明:1‰极限轨面折角条件下,车速由350 km/h提高为400 km/h时,三种路桥过渡段的路基表面竖向动变形和竖向加速度都有所增大,但均未超过现行350 km/h车速时的规范限值,现行过渡段设计要求对传统型、搭板型和桩板型三种路桥过渡段仍适用于车速400 km/h条件;搭板型路桥过渡段的竖向动变形、加速度最值分别为0.10 mm、0.50 m/s^(2),均小于各自限值,且可通过搭板减小路桥交界处差异沉降,并降低施工难度和工程造价;综合考虑路基动力响应要求、对差异沉降的控制效果、施工难度以及经济性,三种路桥过渡段中搭板型路桥过渡段综合性能较优。。