目的：汉化Cumberland踝关节不稳定评价问卷（Cumberland anklei nstabilitytool，CAIT）并进行测量学特性评价，为中文版CAIT在汉语系人群中的推广应用提供有力依据。方法：依据自评量表跨文化调试流程指南（Guidelines for the proces...目的：汉化Cumberland踝关节不稳定评价问卷（Cumberland anklei nstabilitytool，CAIT）并进行测量学特性评价，为中文版CAIT在汉语系人群中的推广应用提供有力依据。方法：依据自评量表跨文化调试流程指南（Guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of self report measures）汉化CAIT，并从内部一致性（internal consistency）、重测信度（testretest reliability）、天花板效应和地板效应（ceiling and flooreffects）、以及问卷的响应性（responsiveness）等4个方面对汉化版CAIT进行测量学特性评价。选择两组受试者：一组为普通受试组（n=138），从本院医护人员中招募；一组为接受治疗组（n=43），来自因急性踝关节扭伤而来医院就诊的患者。结果：中文版CAIT具备较高的内部一致性（左踝克朗巴哈（Cronbach）系数=0．815，右踝克朗巴哈系数=0．814）、重测信度（ICC=0．99，95％CI=0．986～0．992）和响应性（效应量系数=1．8），且未观察到天花板效应和地板效应。本研究为在汉语系人群中开展踝关节功能性不稳的评价提供了一种确切有效的问卷工具。展开更多
In his book of 1672,De Legibus Naturae,Richard Cumberland tries to refute Hobbes’s theory of human nature,demonstrating that man is not a homo insociabilis but a homo benevolens.Using Thomas Willis’s Cerebri Anatome...In his book of 1672,De Legibus Naturae,Richard Cumberland tries to refute Hobbes’s theory of human nature,demonstrating that man is not a homo insociabilis but a homo benevolens.Using Thomas Willis’s Cerebri Anatome.Cui Accessit Nervorum Descriptio et Usus(1665)as well as the works of other physicians and anatomists,Cumberland tries to show that human body(especially thanks to its peculiar brain,blood,and plexus nervous)predisposes men to a sociable life and to the building of a peaceful and civil society.展开更多
We simulated a shelterwood forest regeneration treatment by reducing basal area,and monitored the response of an avian community in oak–hickory forest on the southern Cumberland Plateau,northern Alabama,USA.We used f...We simulated a shelterwood forest regeneration treatment by reducing basal area,and monitored the response of an avian community in oak–hickory forest on the southern Cumberland Plateau,northern Alabama,USA.We used five treatments:control(no removal),clear-cut(100%removal),and 25,50,and 75%removal of basal area.Territory mapping was used to quantify bird community between mid-April and July of both 2002 and 2003.Microclimate variables were recorded at each plot.The residual basal area and canopy cover showed three distinct conditions after treatment:closed canopy,open forest,and clear-cut.The microclimate varied among treatments:air temperature was highest in clear-cut plots and lowest in control plots,whereas soil moisture had the opposite pattern.A total of 71 bird species were detected,with 36 of them defending territories.Territory density,species richness,and Shannon diversity index differed among the treatments;the relationship between these bird community indices and the level of basal area removal was quadratic,lowest in the clear-cut plots and highest in the intermediate levels.Although species richness was similar among the control,25,50,and 75%removal treatments,species composition varied.The richness difference among treatments became smaller in the second year post-treatment(2003)with an increase in bird density and richness occurring in the clear-cut plots.展开更多
Personal care products (PCPs) are stable and are recognized as important chemicals of emerging concern in freshwater resources in the United States (US), including surface water. Although little is known about the bio...Personal care products (PCPs) are stable and are recognized as important chemicals of emerging concern in freshwater resources in the United States (US), including surface water. Although little is known about the bio acces-sibility or biodegradation of these chemicals in the environment. Their primary source of entry into water bodies includes activities such as bathing and showering as well as improper disposal of unused personal care products. We conducted a study to monitor the incidence of personal care products in two rivers (surface water) in Middle Tennessee. The objectives were to determine the incidence of personal care products in surface water of urban and rural sub-watersheds. Secondly, to identify the most frequently detected PCPs in the rivers monitored in the sub-watershed. Water samples were collected from the Cumberland River and Collins River. These rivers represented surface water drained by urban and rural watersheds respectively in Middle Tennessee. The surface water samples were analyzed for the presence of personal care products using GC-MS. During sampling, water quality parameters of interest were collected in-situ with a multi-parameter data-sonde. Low-level concentration of compounds containing PCPs was detected in the two rivers monitored. Personal care products detected included the active ingredients in perfumes (Docosane, Heptadecane, Methyl hexadecanoate, and Undecane), antiperspirants (Octadecanol, and Pentadecalactone), skin conditioners (Cyclotrisiloxane, Isohexyl palmitate, Methyl palmitate, and Cedrol), and shampoos (1-Hexadecanol, Hexadecanoic acid, and Nonanal).展开更多
Background: The early stage of forest succession following disturbance is characterized by a shift in songbird composition as well as increased avian richness due to increased herbaceous growth in the forest understor...Background: The early stage of forest succession following disturbance is characterized by a shift in songbird composition as well as increased avian richness due to increased herbaceous growth in the forest understory. However, regeneration of woody species eventually outcompetes the herbaceous understory, subsequently shifting vegetation communities and decreasing availability of vital foraging and nesting cover for disturbance-dependent birds, ultimately resulting in their displacement. These early stages following forest disturbance, which are declining throughout the eastern United States, are ephemeral in nature and birds depend on such disturbances for nesting and other purposes throughout their lives.Methods: We investigated the use of a two-stage shelterwood method to manage long-term persistence of seven early successional songbirds over a 13-year period in an upland hardwood forest within the southern end of the midCumberland Plateau in the eastern United States.Results: Canopy and midstory gaps created after initial harvest were quickly exploited by tree growth and canopy cover returned to these areas, accelerating the displacement of early-successional species. Woody stem densities increased substantially following stage two harvest as advanced tree regeneration combined with the re-opening of the overstory layer increased resource competition for early-successional plants in the understory. Carolina Wren(Thryothorus ludovicianus), Eastern Towhee(Pipilo erythrophthalmus), Indigo Bunting(Passerina cyanea), and Yellowbreasted Chat(Icteria virens) were characterized by immediate increases following initial harvest in 2001; while the American Goldfinch(Spinus tristis), Prairie Warbler(Setophaga discolor), and White-eyed Vireo(Vireo griseus) did not show an immediate response. Stage two harvest in 2011 rejuvenated vegetation which benefitted focal species, with six of seven species showing increases in densities between 2010 and 2012.Conclusion: The two-stage shelterwood method created conditions advantageous to early-successional birds by helping to re-establish understory vegetation through periodic disturbance to the canopy layer. This method provides evidence that early-successional species can be managed long-term(> 15 years) while using relatively small spatial disturbance through the two-stage shelterwood method.展开更多
文摘目的：汉化Cumberland踝关节不稳定评价问卷（Cumberland anklei nstabilitytool，CAIT）并进行测量学特性评价，为中文版CAIT在汉语系人群中的推广应用提供有力依据。方法：依据自评量表跨文化调试流程指南（Guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of self report measures）汉化CAIT，并从内部一致性（internal consistency）、重测信度（testretest reliability）、天花板效应和地板效应（ceiling and flooreffects）、以及问卷的响应性（responsiveness）等4个方面对汉化版CAIT进行测量学特性评价。选择两组受试者：一组为普通受试组（n=138），从本院医护人员中招募；一组为接受治疗组（n=43），来自因急性踝关节扭伤而来医院就诊的患者。结果：中文版CAIT具备较高的内部一致性（左踝克朗巴哈（Cronbach）系数=0．815，右踝克朗巴哈系数=0．814）、重测信度（ICC=0．99，95％CI=0．986～0．992）和响应性（效应量系数=1．8），且未观察到天花板效应和地板效应。本研究为在汉语系人群中开展踝关节功能性不稳的评价提供了一种确切有效的问卷工具。
文摘In his book of 1672,De Legibus Naturae,Richard Cumberland tries to refute Hobbes’s theory of human nature,demonstrating that man is not a homo insociabilis but a homo benevolens.Using Thomas Willis’s Cerebri Anatome.Cui Accessit Nervorum Descriptio et Usus(1665)as well as the works of other physicians and anatomists,Cumberland tries to show that human body(especially thanks to its peculiar brain,blood,and plexus nervous)predisposes men to a sociable life and to the building of a peaceful and civil society.
文摘We simulated a shelterwood forest regeneration treatment by reducing basal area,and monitored the response of an avian community in oak–hickory forest on the southern Cumberland Plateau,northern Alabama,USA.We used five treatments:control(no removal),clear-cut(100%removal),and 25,50,and 75%removal of basal area.Territory mapping was used to quantify bird community between mid-April and July of both 2002 and 2003.Microclimate variables were recorded at each plot.The residual basal area and canopy cover showed three distinct conditions after treatment:closed canopy,open forest,and clear-cut.The microclimate varied among treatments:air temperature was highest in clear-cut plots and lowest in control plots,whereas soil moisture had the opposite pattern.A total of 71 bird species were detected,with 36 of them defending territories.Territory density,species richness,and Shannon diversity index differed among the treatments;the relationship between these bird community indices and the level of basal area removal was quadratic,lowest in the clear-cut plots and highest in the intermediate levels.Although species richness was similar among the control,25,50,and 75%removal treatments,species composition varied.The richness difference among treatments became smaller in the second year post-treatment(2003)with an increase in bird density and richness occurring in the clear-cut plots.
文摘Personal care products (PCPs) are stable and are recognized as important chemicals of emerging concern in freshwater resources in the United States (US), including surface water. Although little is known about the bio acces-sibility or biodegradation of these chemicals in the environment. Their primary source of entry into water bodies includes activities such as bathing and showering as well as improper disposal of unused personal care products. We conducted a study to monitor the incidence of personal care products in two rivers (surface water) in Middle Tennessee. The objectives were to determine the incidence of personal care products in surface water of urban and rural sub-watersheds. Secondly, to identify the most frequently detected PCPs in the rivers monitored in the sub-watershed. Water samples were collected from the Cumberland River and Collins River. These rivers represented surface water drained by urban and rural watersheds respectively in Middle Tennessee. The surface water samples were analyzed for the presence of personal care products using GC-MS. During sampling, water quality parameters of interest were collected in-situ with a multi-parameter data-sonde. Low-level concentration of compounds containing PCPs was detected in the two rivers monitored. Personal care products detected included the active ingredients in perfumes (Docosane, Heptadecane, Methyl hexadecanoate, and Undecane), antiperspirants (Octadecanol, and Pentadecalactone), skin conditioners (Cyclotrisiloxane, Isohexyl palmitate, Methyl palmitate, and Cedrol), and shampoos (1-Hexadecanol, Hexadecanoic acid, and Nonanal).
基金funded by the Center for Forest Ecosystem Assessment(CFEA),USDA Forest Service,and Alabama A&M Universityadditional funding from the Alabama Ornithological Society and Birmingham Audubon Society
文摘Background: The early stage of forest succession following disturbance is characterized by a shift in songbird composition as well as increased avian richness due to increased herbaceous growth in the forest understory. However, regeneration of woody species eventually outcompetes the herbaceous understory, subsequently shifting vegetation communities and decreasing availability of vital foraging and nesting cover for disturbance-dependent birds, ultimately resulting in their displacement. These early stages following forest disturbance, which are declining throughout the eastern United States, are ephemeral in nature and birds depend on such disturbances for nesting and other purposes throughout their lives.Methods: We investigated the use of a two-stage shelterwood method to manage long-term persistence of seven early successional songbirds over a 13-year period in an upland hardwood forest within the southern end of the midCumberland Plateau in the eastern United States.Results: Canopy and midstory gaps created after initial harvest were quickly exploited by tree growth and canopy cover returned to these areas, accelerating the displacement of early-successional species. Woody stem densities increased substantially following stage two harvest as advanced tree regeneration combined with the re-opening of the overstory layer increased resource competition for early-successional plants in the understory. Carolina Wren(Thryothorus ludovicianus), Eastern Towhee(Pipilo erythrophthalmus), Indigo Bunting(Passerina cyanea), and Yellowbreasted Chat(Icteria virens) were characterized by immediate increases following initial harvest in 2001; while the American Goldfinch(Spinus tristis), Prairie Warbler(Setophaga discolor), and White-eyed Vireo(Vireo griseus) did not show an immediate response. Stage two harvest in 2011 rejuvenated vegetation which benefitted focal species, with six of seven species showing increases in densities between 2010 and 2012.Conclusion: The two-stage shelterwood method created conditions advantageous to early-successional birds by helping to re-establish understory vegetation through periodic disturbance to the canopy layer. This method provides evidence that early-successional species can be managed long-term(> 15 years) while using relatively small spatial disturbance through the two-stage shelterwood method.
