Morphological characteristics of tree crowns of Cunninghamia lanceolata var. Luotian

The structural characteristics of the tree crowns of Cunninghamia lanceolata var. Luotian(herein, Luotian), a natural variety of C. lanceolata(Chinese-fir, herein Lanceolata) in China, were analyzed using trunk and branch measurements and biomass determinations. Samples from two typical cultivated varietal populations were collected, including twenty-six 15–23-year-old trees of Luotian from a plantation, and nine 16–23-year-old trees of Lanceolata. Our results show that Luotian and Lanceolata samples differed significantly in crown structure, morphological indices, and biomass:(1) the oldest live branches on Luotian trees were 5–6 years old and 8–11 years old on Lanceolata. The ages of the live branches were not affected by the ages of the Luotian trees, while live branch ages increased with ages of Lanceolata trees;(2) the maximumbranching order of Luotian was level two. Compared to Lanceolata, the average number of first-order lateral branches(i.e., branches emerging from the trunk) and the number of first-order lateral branch whorls per sample tree were 12.9% and 32.2% lower, respectively, in Luotian.However, the average number of branches within a single whorl was 21.8% greater in Luotian;the average number of branch whorls at crown height was 51.1% greater. Thus,the Luotian variety has thicker branches;(3) the average lateral branch angles in Luotian and Lanceolata sample trees were 105.2° and 61.4°, respectively. The branch angles in 53.0% of lateral branches on Luotian ranged from105° to 135°, but 30° to 90° in 96% of the lateral branches on Lanceolata. Within the same crown layer, the average branch angle was 1.6–2.2 times greater in Luotian, and the angle was directly proportional to crown thickness;(4) the average base diameter and branch length on Luotian were1.3 cm and 75.8 cm, respectively, and 1.6 cm and112.2 cm for Lanceolata. For individual trees, branch growth differed significantly(p < 0.01) between Luotian and Lanceolata. However, the lateral branches grew at a similar rate among Luotian trees of different ages;(5) the average height to the lowest live branch on Luotian was128.3% greater than on Lanceolata, resulting in a significant difference(p < 0.01) in crown size. Compared to the crowns on Lanceolata, the Luotian crowns were 45.3%higher and 41.1% wider, and the surface area, volume, and growth of the crown were 27.0%, 11.4%, and 2.4 times greater than for Lanceolata, respectively;and,(6) the biomass of Luotian and Lanceolata sample trees also differed significantly. The mean crown, branch, and leaf biomass for Luotian was 40.0%, 25.2%, and 54.1% of those for Lanceolata, respectively. However, the leaf biomass in each layer of the Luotian crown was higher thanthat of Lanceolata, and leaf biomass increased with crown thickness.

氮沉降下杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)人工林凋落叶分解过程中C、N元素动态变化

在12年生的杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)人工林中开展模拟氮沉降试验,分N0(对照)、N1、N2、N3等4种处理,N沉降量依次为0、60、120、240kgNhm-2a-1,每处理重复3次。通过2a的监测和分析发现,经N0、N1、N2、N3处理后,凋落物分解过程中C平均含量分别为46.47%、46.35%、46.79%、46.6%,各处理之间无显著差异,但均随着分解时间的增加呈下降趋势。氮沉降明显增加了凋落物中的N含量,且随着沉降水平的增加而增加。各处理凋落物C的分解系数依次为0.739、0.744、0.936、0.708,周转期为4.26a、4.26a、3.46a、4.41a;而N的分解系数分别为0.458、0.543、0.776、0.565,周转期为6.26a、5.44a、3.91a、5.20a。N1处理表现出促进N释放的作用,但对C释放影响不明显;N2处理促进了凋落物C、N元素的释放,而N3处理则表现出一定的抑制作用。氮沉降处理也明显降低了凋落物的C/N比,N1、N2、N3处理使C/N比分别比N0下降8.59%、14.20%和17.54%。

毛竹(Phyllostachy pubescens)、杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)人工林生态系统碳贮量及其分配特征

研究比较了湖南会同林区毛竹、杉木人工林生态系统碳含量和碳贮量分配特征,结果表明,15年生杉木各器官碳含量在47.15%～50.43%之间,不同器官碳含量高低依次为树干、树叶、树皮、树枝、树根;毛竹不同器官碳含量波动在44.51%～49.91%,各器官碳含量高低依次为竹鞭、竹枝、竹叶、竹干、竹蔸、竹根,但是毛竹不同器官碳含量与年龄之间没有明显变化规律。林地土壤3个层次(60cm深)碳素含量为0.746%～2.390%,各层次碳素含量分布不均,表层(0～20cm)土壤碳素含量和碳贮量最高。毛竹、杉木人工林生态系统碳贮量分别为166.34tC·hm-2和150.19tC·hm-2,并且其碳贮量空间分布格局基本一致,土壤层是主要部分,其次为乔木层,林下植被层和凋落物层所占比例最小。其中,毛竹林土壤层有机碳贮量占83.92%,乔木层占15.38%,林下植被和凋落物层分别占0.38%和0.32%;杉木人工林土壤层碳贮量占62.03%,乔木层占34.99%,林下植被和凋落物层分别占0.70%和2.28%。另外,碳贮量在两个树种各器官中的分配,基本与各自的生物量成正比例关系。从植被年固定碳量来看,毛竹林为9.94tC·hm-2·a-1,相当于年固定CO2量为36.44tCO2·hm-2·a-1,是杉木林的1.39倍。

模拟氮沉降对杉木人工林(Cunninghamia lanceolata)土壤酶活性及微生物群落功能多样性的影响

在杉木人工林中开展模拟氮沉降试验,设计N0(对照)、N1(N 60 kg/(hm2.a))、N2(N 120 kg/(hm2.a))和N3(N 240 kg/(hm2.a))等4个氮沉降水平。通过连续7年的处理后,研究了外加氮源对土壤酶活性及群落功能多样性的影响。相同氮沉降处理下,参与土壤碳循环的6种主要酶(蔗糖酶、纤维素酶、淀粉酶、β-葡糖苷酶、多酚氧化酶、过氧化物酶)活性、土壤微生物群落碳源利用能力和多样性指数与均匀度指数均随土层加深而降低。氮沉降对纤维素酶和多酚氧化酶具有促进作用,而对淀粉酶和过氧化物酶表现出一定的抑制作用;中?低氮沉降(N1、N2)对蔗糖酶无影响,而对β-葡糖苷酶具有促进作用,高氮沉降(N3)促进了蔗糖酶活性,但抑制了β-葡糖苷酶活性。各土层中,低氮处理(N1)促进了微生物群落碳源利用能力和多样性指数与均匀度指数的增加,而中?高氮处理(N2、N3)则呈抑制作用。主成分分析表明,土壤微生物群落利用的主要碳源为碳水化合物和羧酸,不同氮沉降处理碳源利用类型存在差异。因此,氮沉降促进了表层土壤纤维素酶、多酚氧化酶和蔗糖酶的活性,但在一定程度上抑制了淀粉酶、过氧化物酶和β-葡糖苷酶活性;氮沉降增加改变了杉木人工林土壤微生物群落的功能多样性。

Microclimate and Its Formation Mechanism in Cunninghamia lanceolata Hook. Plantation Ecosystems in the Subtropical Zone of China

Microclimate characteristics and related environmental energy mechanisms were examined based on the long term located observations in the mature, thinned and young Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation ecosystems in western Hunan Province, China. The results show that the mature plantation ecosystem can improve the microclimate significantly by regulating the amount and spatial distribution of environmental energy, which delineates the pattern of the microclimate in forest ecosystems in the process of ecological restoration. Compared with the young plantation, the mature plantation ecosystem decreased annual mean air temperature by 0 4℃. The maximum decrease in monthly mean air temperature was 2 3℃. The mature plantation ecosystem decreased annual mean ground temperature by 1 2℃ with a maximum decrease in monthly mean ground temperature of 2 3℃. Mainly due to the dense canopy, the mature forest ecosystem regulates the distribution of radiation energy, and expenditure ratios of heat budget and principal energy components to decrease temperature or make it even.

Inheritance of Chloroplast and Mitochondrial DNA in Chinese Fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata)

The inheritance of mitochondrial (mt) DNA and chloroplast (cp) DNA was investigated in intergeneric hybrids from crossing between Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook. and Cryptomeria fortunei Hooibrenk. The chloroplast trnL trnF region and one intra genic segment of the mitochondrial gene, Cox Ⅲ, were amplified from those of the parents and hybrids by PCR using gene specific primers. Cp and mtDNA polymorphisms of the amplified regions were detected between the parents after restriction digestions. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis revealed that all the F 1 individuals possessed Cox Ⅲ restriction fragment patterns (characteristic of the paternal parent Cryptomeria fortunei ) and the trnL trnF region (identical to the maternal parent Cunninghamia lanceolata ) showing that a different mode of inheritance for organelle DNA has occurred in the hybrids. Furthermore, the maternal inheritance of chloroplast DNA is reported here for the first time in coniferophyta.

2008年初特大冰雪灾害对粤北地区杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)人工林土壤理化性质的影响

2008年8月,选择具有代表性的样地（受冰雪灾害较轻、受到冰雪灾害影响、受到冰雪灾害后皆伐清理样地）,用野外调查和室内分析相结合的方法,对广东省天井山林场杉木人工林土壤理化性质进行分析。结果表明：（1）粤北地区杉木人工林在受到冰雪灾害后,0-60 cm的土壤容重比未受到损害的上升8.1%-16.4%,孔隙度下降8.9%-11.9%,自然含水量减少17.1%-28.6%,皆伐清理后,土壤容重比未受到损害的下降1.5%~9.5%;孔隙度上升1.2%~5.9%,自然含水量增加44.2%~68.1%。（2）受损后,土壤pH值未发生变化,浅层（0-40 cm）有机质质量分数比未损样地下降（1.3%-9.4%）,深层（〉40 cm）有机质质量分数提高30.5%;各层土壤全氮、全磷、有效氮、有效磷和有效钾质量分数分别下降13.4%、30.3%、16.7%、37.6%和37.2%,全钾质量分数上升21.0%,且与未损样地的差异显著;土壤交换性钙和交换性镁大幅减少,分别为28.1%和43.4%。进行皆伐清理后,有机质质量分数比未损样地提高207.9%,土壤全氮、全钾、有效氮和有效磷质量分数升高138.7%、10.2%、161.3%和540.0%,全磷、有效钾、交换性钙和交换性镁的质量分数下降2.6%、9.0%、28.7%和24.3%,各土层变化不一致。（3）冰雪灾害的发生使杉木人工林林下土壤紧实度增加,不利于土壤呼吸、空气传导和土壤养分的累积;而经过清理后,土壤变得较为疏松,通透性增强,含水量增加,有利于土壤团粒结构的增强、土壤微生物活动和土壤养分的累积及转化。因此,冰雪灾害后对受损林地进行及时的清理对植被恢复重建尤为重要。

Impact of ice-snow damage on nutrient distribution of a Cunninghamia lanceolata woodland

During January to February in 2008,severe ice-snows occurred on 2.09×10^6 km^2 of south China and caused tremendous damage to the forests.Stem damage and crown debris input from the ice-snow in a Cunninghamia lanceolata stand in northern Guangdong Province,China,were investigated to determine the extent of ice-snow damage to trees and the nutrient distribution characteristics on woodland.Icicles were produced on branches and leaves of the C.lanceolata trees by sleets,resulting in all live trees were damaged by stem breakage.A strong positive correlation was found between the broken position of trees and diameter at breast height（DBH）.Nutrient concentrations varied according to components of crown debris.Total nutrient concentration graded in the following order：leaves 〉stembark 〉branches 〉stemwood.Crown debris input from ice-snows was 19.11 t·ha^-2,and branches,stemwood,leaves and stembark accounted for 37%,28%,27% and 8%,respectively.Nutrient distributions between components of crown debris differed drastically in 2008.The contribution of leaves to total nutrient accumulation of crown debris was 70%,whereas branches,stemwood and stembark contributed 13%,7% and 10%,respectively.Accumulations of N,P and K by the woodland were 105 067.9 t·ha^-2 in 2008,and the nutrients of crown debris,litter and the stand soil accounted for 0.18%,0.03% and 99.79%,respectively.The order of nutrient accumulation in leaves,branches,stembark,stemwood of crown debris and litter was N〉K〉P,but the nutrients stored in the soil were in the order of K 〉N 〉P.The N and P concentrations of litter in 2009 were greater than those in 2008,whereas its K concentration was smaller than that of the latter.N and P concentrations of stemwood and stembark in 2009 were slightly greater than those in 2009,whereas their K concentration was smaller than the latter.The N and P accumulations of stemwood and stembark of crown debris in 2009 were close to those in 2008,whereas their K accumulation was slightly smaller than the latter.The N,P and K accumulations of litter in 2009 was greater than those in 2008.

Effects of Lithological Characters on the Growth of Cunninghamia lanceolata

Objective The aim was to reveal relationship between lithological character soil and productivity of Cunninghamia lanceolata and lay a foundation for systemic management of C. lanceolata fast-growing and high yield plantation. Method By using experimental ecology method and variance analysis, the biomass and growth of planting eleven years＇ C. lanceolata on the soils with six different lithologicel characters were studied. Result The effects of soils with six different lithological characters on the height, diameter growth and biomass of C. lanceolata were different, in which the growth order of C. lanceolata was： Feldspathic quartzy sandstone （ average height 523. 270 cm, average diameter 4.720 cm, average individual biomass 5.059kg） 〉 Basalt （ average height 511. 570 cm, average diameter 4.650 cm, average individual biomass 4.848 kg） 〉 Quartzy sandstone 〉 Blastopsammite 〉 The Quarternary Period red clay 〉 Coal-series siliceous sand-shale, and the difference was smaller between the last two lithological characters. Conclusion Feldspathic quartzy sandstone and Basalt are beneficial to C. lanceolata.

Dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen in precipitation, throughfall and stemflow from Schima superba and Cunninghamia lanceolata plantations in subtropical China

Despite growing attention to the role of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) in forest nutrient cycling, their monthly concentration dynamics in forest ecosystems, especially in subtropical forests only were little known. The goal of this study is to measure the concentrations and monthly dynamics of DOC and DON in precipitation, throughfall and stemflow for two planta- tions of Schima superba (SS) and Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata, CF) in Jianou, Fujian, China. Samples of precipitation, throughfall and stemflow were collected on a rain event base from January 2002 to December 2002. Upon collection, all water samples were analyzed for DOC, NO3 -N, NH4 -N and total dissolved N (TDN). DON was calculated by subtracting NO3 -N and NH4 -N from TDN. The results - + - + showed that the precipitation had a mean DOC concentration of 1.7 mg·L-1 and DON concentration of 0.13 mg·L-1. The mean DOC and DON concentrations in throughfall were 11.2 and 0.24 mg·L-1 in the SS and 10.3 and 0.19 mg·L-1 in the CF respectively. Stemflow DOC and DON concentrations in the CF (19.1 and 0.66 mg·L-1 respectively) were significantly higher than those in the SS (17.6 and 0.48 mg·L-1 respectively). No clear monthly variation in precipitation DOC concentration was found in our study, while DON concentration in precipita- tion tended to be higher in summer or autumn. The monthly variations of DON concentrations were very similar in throughfall and stemflow at both forests, showing an increase at the beginning of the rainy season in March. In contrast, monthly changes of the DOC concentrations in throughfall of the SS and CF were different to those in stemflow. Throughfall DOC concentrations were higher from February to April, while relatively higher DOC concentrations in stemflow were found during September-November period.

Comparisons of carbon storages in Cunninghamia lanceolata and Michelia macclurei plantations during a 22-year period in southern China

Tree species composition was important for carbon storage within the same climate range.To quantify the dynamics of ecosystem carbon allocation as affected by different tree species,we measured the above-and below-ground biomass accumulation in 22 years,as well as the tissue carbon concentrations of trees in Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation and Michelia macclurei plantation.Results indicated that M.macclurei plantation significantly stored more carbon（174.8 tons/hm2） than C.lanceolata plantation（154.3 tons/hm2）.Most of the carbon was found in the soil pool（57.1% in M.macclurei plantation,55.2% in C.lanceolata plantation）.Tree and soil component of M.macclurei plantation possessed significantly higher carbon storage than that of C.lanceolata plantation（p 〈 0.05）.No significant difference was found in the carbon storage of understory and forest floor.These results suggest that the broadleaved species（M.macclurei） possesses greater carbon sequestration potential than the coniferous species（C.lanceolata） in southern China.

施氮对杉木-浙江楠(Cunninghamia lanceolata×Phoebe chekiangensis)混栽苗木生长与植株元素含量的影响

为了探究氮沉降背景下杉木和浙江楠混栽苗木的生长特征,于2019年5月模拟两种氮水平(对照0kg·hm^(-2)·yr^(-1)·N、施氮45kg·hm^(-2)·yr^(-1)·N)和三种混栽方式(每盆种植1颗杉木苗木、1颗浙江楠苗木,地上竞争被隔板完全隔绝,地下竞争由三种根系分隔方式控制竞争强度:塑料膜分隔-根系无竞争、尼龙网分隔-根系干扰性竞争、无分隔-根系完全竞争),2019年生长季(5月~12月)施氮处理并对杉木和浙江楠苗木生物量、根系形态和植株元素含量进行分析。结果表明:根系竞争对杉木和浙江楠苗木的根、冠生物量无显著影响(p>0.05)影响,但两种苗木的根系生长随着竞争的加剧而受到抑制作用,种间竞争特别是干扰性竞争能够促进植物对磷的吸收;施氮后,根系竞争促进了根、冠生物量的增加,并对冠生物量的增加更有利,同时,根系干扰性竞争的促进作用最明显。另外,两种苗木的根系生长随着竞争的加剧而受到促进作用。施氮和种间竞争均能促进植物对营养元素的吸收。

Concentrations and seasonal dynamics of dissolved organic carbon in forest floors of two plantations （Castanopsis kawakamii and Cunninghamia lanceolata） in subtropical China

The concentrations and seasonal dynamics of DOC in forest floors of monoculture plantations of Castanopsis kawakamii and Chinese fir （Cunninghamia lanceolata） were assessed in Sanming, Fujian, China （26°11′30″N, 117°26′00″E）. Forest floor samples were taken in January, April, July and October in 2002 and divided into undecomposed material （horizon Oi）, partially decomposed organic material （horizon Oe）, and fully decomposed organic material （horizon Oa）. Upon collection. DOC concentrations of samples were analyzed by a High Temperature TOC. The results showed that the annual average DOC concentration of Chinese fir （1341.7 mg·kg^-1） in the forest floor was higher than that of Castanopsis kawakamii （ 1178.9 mg·kg^-1）. Difference in DOC concentrations was observed among three horizons of the forest floor. DOC concentration of forest floor in the two forests was the highest in horizon Oe. Seasonal trends of DOC concentrations in different horizons of forest floors were similar and the maximal value occurred in autumn （or winter）. The concentration and temporal change of DOC in studied forests were probably related to the variation in moisture, temperature, biological activity and quantity of organic matter in the forest floor.

Improving the assessment method of seed vigor in Cunninghamia lanceolata and Pinus massoniana based on oxygen sensing technology

Oxygen sensing technology was employed to study the rapid methods for seed vigor assessment of Chinese fir （Cunninghamia lanceolata） and Masson pine （Pinus massoniana）. Firstly, seeds of five lots were performed using accelerated aging （AA） into three vigor levels. Then, four oxygen sensing indices, including increased metabolism time （IMT）, oxygen metabolism rate （OMR）, critical oxygen pressure （COP）, relative germination time （RGT） and the control indiees such as labora- tory germination indices, dehydrogenase activity （DA）, and electrical conductivity （EC） were analyzed by the tests of 15 samples. The results of correlation analysis between these indices and field emergence per- formances based on two-year and two-spot data showed that RGT and OMR should be indicated as the optimal oxygen sensing indices to rap- idly and automatically evaluate seed vigor of Chinese fir and Masson pine, respectively. On the basis, one-variable linear regression equations were built to forecast their field emergence performances by the two oxygen sensing indices.

Litterfall production and nutrient return in different-aged Chinese fir(Cunninghamia lanceolata) plantations in South China

The amounts of litter produced and nutrients returned play a fundamental role in the productivity and biogeochemical and nutrient cycling of forest ecosystems.We monitored annual litterfall production, nutrient return,and monthly dynamics over a one-year period in Chinese fir plantations aged 10, 22, and 34 years. Our objective was to quantify litterfall and nutrient return over a complete harvest rotation of Chinese fir. Annual litterfall production increased with stand age and was recorded as（3,294.6 ± 360.4）,（3,733.9 ± 211.2）, and（4,876.1 ± 212.8） kg ha-1a-1in stands aged 10, 22 and 34 years, respectively. Total litter production was significantly greater in the stand aged34 years than in the stand aged 10 years（p ／ 0.05）. With the exception of miscellaneous components, needle litterfall constituted the highest proportion（27.5–43.6 %）, followed by branches/twigs（9.5–16.6 %）. In all three plantations,annual total nutrient return to soil was in the order of C（1,119.95–2,709.05 kg ha-1a-1） [ N（39.32–62.04 kg ha-1a-1） [ K（15.95–22.44 kg ha-1a-1） [ P（1.30–1.63 kg ha-1a-1）. C, N, K and P input to soil was significantly lower in the 10-year-old stand in comparison to the 22- and34-year-old stands（p ／ 0.05）. Litterfall production and nutrient return（C, N and K） followed similar patterns, and C and N input to soil was significantly related to litterfall production（needle, branch and total litterfall）. C, N, P and K input to soil and total litterfall production were mainly driven by needle litterfall.

Microbial biomass in subtropical forest soils： effect of conversion of natural secondary broad-leaved forest to Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation

Conversion of natural secondary broad-leaved forest to Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation is a common management practice in subtropical China. In this study, we compared soil physico-chemical properties, microbial biomass in one natural secondary broad-leaved forest and two C. lanceolata plantation sites to estimate the effects of forest conversion on soil microbial biomass at the Huitong Experimental Station of Forestry Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Concentrations of soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, NH4^＋-N and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen were much lower under C. lanceolata plantations as compared to natural secondary broad-leaved forest. Soil microbial biomass C in the first and second rotation of C. lanceolata plantations was only 53%, 46% of that in natural secondary broad-leaved forest, and microbial biomass N was 97% and 79%, respectively. The contribution of microbial biomass C to soil organic C was also lower in the plantation sites. However, the contribution of microbial N to total nitrogen and NH4^＋-N was greater in the C. lanceolata plantation sites. Therefore, conversion of natural secondary broad-leaved forest to C. lanceolata plantation and continuous planting of C. lanceolata led to the decline in soil microbial biomass and the degradation of forest soil in subtropical China.

Self-thinning lines and allometric relation in Chinese fir(Cunninghamia lanceolata) stands

We calculated a self-thinning exponent of 1.05 for tree mass using the 3/2 power equation in 93 Cunninghamia lanceolata plots.According to Weller’s allometric model,the self-thinning exponent for tree mass was calculated as 1.28 from the allometric exponents h and d.The both self-thinning exponents were significantly lower than 3/2.The self-thinning exponent of organs was estimated to be 1.42 for stems,0.93 for branches,0.96 for leaves,1.35 for roots and 1.28 for shoots,respectively.The self-thinning exponent of stem mass was not significantly different from 3/2,whereas thinning exponents of trees,branches,leaves and roots were significantly lower than 3/2.The stand leaf mass and stand branch mass were constant regardless of the stand density.The scaling relations among branch,leaf,stem,root and shoot mass（MB,ML,MS,MR and MA,respectively） showed that MB and ML scaled as the3/4 power of MS,whereas MS or MA scaled isometrically with respect to MR.

Effects of gap size on diversity of soil fauna in a Cunninghamia lanceolata stand damaged by an ice storm in southern China

Cunninghamia lanceolata （Lamb.） Hook. is economically the most important tree species in southern China and has been cultivated in plantations on a large scale. This species is widely used in construction, furniture, utensils and shipbuilding. Soil fertility of C. lanceolata stands affects soil structure, porosity and nutrient availability, which causes changes in fauna activity. During January to February 2008, an ice storm caused extensive damage to C. lanceolata stands. Despite the environmental importance of soil fauna, basic information on the distribution and diversity of soil fauna in C. lanceolata stands after ice storm damage is lacking. To assess the response of soil fauna diversity and distribution to forest gaps following the ice storm, five small gaps （each 30-40 m^2）, five large gaps （each 80-100 m^2） and five canopy cover plots were selected within a 2-ha C. lanceolata stand. Soil samples were collected from 0 to 10 cm depth in March 2011 to measure soil fauna diversity and abundance. The abundance and community composition of the soil fauna varied with gap size. In canopy cover sites, the number of individuals was 2.0 and 5.2 times greater than in the small gaps and large gaps. Three taxa （Nematoda, Oribatida and lnsecta） of soil inver- tebrates occurred commonly, and Nematoda dominated the communities in all three habitat types. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Margalef diversity index, and Pielou evenness index were high in the small gaps, indicating that they harbored the most species, with the most even distribution, and the highest diversity. Our results indicated that gap size apparently affected abundance and community composition of the soil fauna.

Biomass Productivity of Taiwania flousiana Plantation and Successive Rotation Plantation of Cunninghamia lanceolata in Cutover Forest Land of C.Lanceolata

[Objectives] The aim was to reveal the accumulation characteristics and differences of biomass productivity of Taiwania flousiana plantation and successive rotation plantation of Cunninghamia lanceolata .[Methods] The biomass and productivity of the 23-year-old T. flousiana plantation and successive rotation plantation of C. lanceolata were studied at Nandan Shankou Forestry Farm of Guangxi., China.[Results] There were differences in the biomass distribution of different organs of T. flousiana plantation and successive rotation plantation of C.lanceolata. The biomass for the T. flousiana plantation was distributed in the order of stem 〉 branch 〉 leaves 〉 bark, and the successive rotation plantations of C. lanceolata was stem〉 root 〉 branch 〉 bark 〉 leaves. The biomass of tree layer of 23-years-old T. flousiana plantation and successive rotation plantations were 195.21 and 136.82 t/hm^2, respectively, including 113.32 and 87.91 t/hm^2 of economic biomass （stem）. The annual net productivity of tree layer of the 2 plantations were 8.49 and 5.95 t/（hm^2·a）, respectively, including 5.14 and 3.82 t/（hm^2·a） of stem. Therefore, T. flousiana plantation has higher biomass accumulation ability than that of successive rotation plantations of C.lanceolata, and can be used as an excellent substitute tree species for the regeneration of C.lanceolata cutover plantation.[Conclusions]

VARIATION PATTERN OF WOOD PROPERTIES OF NATURALCUNNINGHAMIA LANCEOLATA

In thes paper, the variation pattffe of wood Prpebo was edied for natural Cunninghamia lanceolata. The mathematical models of property were obtained on tracbeidlength, microfibril angle, late wood percdsgn, growth ring width and growth ring dsisity in the radial direction. The interrelation were analynd between tracheid length and microfibril angle. The result can provide sciatilic theory basis for wood utilhaion and early prediction of wood properties .