[Objective] The aim was to explore biomass and growth of Cupressus lusitanica seedlings in order to provide technological supports for afforestation. [Method] The introduced Cupressus lusitanica seedlings at different...[Objective] The aim was to explore biomass and growth of Cupressus lusitanica seedlings in order to provide technological supports for afforestation. [Method] The introduced Cupressus lusitanica seedlings at different ages were re- searched to explore biomass （ground or underground） morphological shape, surface area and volume of a root system. [Result] As age grew, plant height and ground diameter increased significantly, varying dramatically upon seed provenance, and root-canopy ratio, root length, surface area and volume of seedlings were increas- ing. Specifically, seedlings at two-year-old and three-year-old kept a stable growth; moderate and big roots took higher proportions in a root system; underground parts for a plant required more photosynthetic products; root systems of young seedlings grew to moderate and big roots. [Conclusion] Ground biomass is of correlation with root system indices and the morphological characteristics of root systems are close to biomass. The accumulation capacity of biomass differed for seedlings from differ- ent provenances, even in the same environment and at the same time.展开更多
In Ethiopia,Cupressus lusitanica and Juniperus procera are important tree species.The incidence of the cypress aphid,Cinara cupressi,which has not been reported before on the exotic Cupressus lusitanica is becoming ca...In Ethiopia,Cupressus lusitanica and Juniperus procera are important tree species.The incidence of the cypress aphid,Cinara cupressi,which has not been reported before on the exotic Cupressus lusitanica is becoming catastrophic.The appearance of the insect was reported for the first time in 2003 in Ethiopia.However,information is scarce on the status of this species in northeast Amhara state.The objectives of this study were to assess the extent of damage,abundance and status of the cypress aphid on C.lusitanica and J.procera in the protected and cultivated forests of South Wollo,Ethiopia.Results reveal that tree compositions of the three study areas differed.The dominant tree species were C.lucitanica(15–80%),Olea europaea(5–90%)and J.procera(14–70%).The cypress aphid showed significantly higher levels of infestation on C.lusitanica(35–90%)than on J.procera(1–16%).Moreover,there was higher C.lusitanica mortality(40–93%).In contrast,there was low infestation(1–16%)on J.procera and no mortality.The results reveal that the cypress aphid causes enormous losses of C.lusitanica.Therefore,it is recommended that insect surveillance be strengthened and the introduction bioagents be considered and integrated with other insecticides to minimize the degree of C.lusitanica infestation and loss.展开更多
Many of monoterpenes produced in plants contribute to defenses against herbivores, insects and microorganisms. Among those compounds, β-thujaplicin formed in Cupressaceae plants has a unique conjugated seven-membered...Many of monoterpenes produced in plants contribute to defenses against herbivores, insects and microorganisms. Among those compounds, β-thujaplicin formed in Cupressaceae plants has a unique conjugated seven-membered ring and some useful biological activities, e.g. fungicide, repellent, insecticide and so on. The biosynthesis pathway of β-thujaplicin has not yet been revealed;we have been trying to uncover it using Cupressus lusitanica cultured cells as a model. In our previous study, terpinolene was identified as a potential β-thujaplicin intermediate at the branching point to terpenoids. In this article, terpinolene metabolism in C. lusitanica cultured cells was investigated, and it was shown that the microsomal fraction from cells oxidized terpinolene into the hydroxylated compound, 5-isopropylidene-2-met-hylcyclohex-2-enol (IME). Then, IME was further oxidized by microsomal fraction to the epoxidized compound, 1,6-epoxy-4(8)-p-menthen-2-ol (EMO). These were the only two products detected from the microsomal reactions, respecttively. Moreover, microsomal reactions with monoterpenes other than terpinolene produced nothing detectable. These results show that the enzymes of these reactions had strict substrate specificity and regio-selectivity. Experiments on kinetics and with specific inhibitors confirmed that these reactions were caused by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, respectively. These results support our hypothesis that terpinolene is a putative intermediate of β-thujaplicin biosynthesis and show that IME and EMO are also putative intermediates.展开更多
【目的】针对川中丘陵区普遍存在的柏木人工林密度过大、木材生产力低、林下灌草盖度低和天然更新不良等问题，开展生态疏伐试验，探讨间伐强度对林分生长和林下植物的影响，为开展柏木生态经济型防护林的营林活动提供参考。【方法】以2...【目的】针对川中丘陵区普遍存在的柏木人工林密度过大、木材生产力低、林下灌草盖度低和天然更新不良等问题，开展生态疏伐试验，探讨间伐强度对林分生长和林下植物的影响，为开展柏木生态经济型防护林的营林活动提供参考。【方法】以25年生柏木人工林为研究对象，采用随机区组方法，设置4种间伐强度（20%～25%，15%～20%，10%～15%和对照）的处理，观察林分胸径、树高、蓄积量、生物多样性和天然更新幼苗数量，探讨间伐强度对其影响。【结果】不同强度间伐5年后林分平均胸径和胸径连年生长量在各处理之间均存在显著差异，胸径生长量随间伐强度加大而增加；平均树高以20%～25%间伐强度最大，达10.7 m，但20%～25%间伐强度与15%～20%间伐强度和10%～15%间伐强度之间无显著差异，而树高连年生长量在不同处理之间差异显著；20%～25%，15%～20%和10%～15%不同强度间伐5年后林分蓄积量分别为97.35，93.43和93.19 m3·hm －2，均比对照小，但蓄积连年生长量随间伐强度由高到低分别为6.11，4.58和3.66 m3·hm －2 a －1，均高于对照；20%～25%间伐强度林分的灌木和草本 Simpson 指数分别为0.7695和0.4446，Shannon-Wiener 指数分别为1.7025和0.7690，都比其他处理高；不同间伐强度天然更新幼苗株数仅在苗高5～30 cm 等级存在显著差异，30～50和50～150 cm 的幼苗在不同处理之间差异不明显；评价结果表明，综合得分以20%～25%间伐强度最大，且随间伐强度降低而减小。【结论】间伐后保留木的生长空间和营养空间得到有效改善，林分胸径和树高生长量随间伐强度增大而增加，但不同间伐强度蓄积量差异不显著；适度间伐可提高林下灌木和草本生物多样性指数；林分更新幼苗数量也随着间伐强度的增大而增加；就本研究的4种间伐强度而言，中龄阶段柏木人工林的适宜间伐强度为20%～25%。展开更多
采用5个盐分梯度,对10种墨西哥柏(Cupressus lusitanica)幼苗进行盐胁迫处理。通过对苗高、地径净生长量、叶片含水量、叶绿素总含量、相对电导率、脯氨酸和丙二醛含量等指标的测定,观测其在盐胁迫下的一系列生理生化反应。结果表明:随...采用5个盐分梯度,对10种墨西哥柏(Cupressus lusitanica)幼苗进行盐胁迫处理。通过对苗高、地径净生长量、叶片含水量、叶绿素总含量、相对电导率、脯氨酸和丙二醛含量等指标的测定,观测其在盐胁迫下的一系列生理生化反应。结果表明:随着盐胁迫的加剧,墨西哥柏苗高、地径净生长量、叶片含水量逐渐降低,且盐胁迫对苗高的影响较对地径的大;叶片脯氨酸、丙二醛含量则随着盐胁迫程度增加显著上升;叶绿素总含量在低强度胁迫下增大而在高强度胁迫下降低;相对电导率不能真实地反映出墨西哥柏受盐胁迫的影响程度。根据隶属函数法综合评价各种源耐盐能力,筛选出了3个强抗盐种源为:D10(‘Ejido sierra de agua’)、D3(‘La cienega’)、D4(‘La cumbre del manzano’)。展开更多
基金Supported by National Program "948"(2009-4-17)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to explore biomass and growth of Cupressus lusitanica seedlings in order to provide technological supports for afforestation. [Method] The introduced Cupressus lusitanica seedlings at different ages were re- searched to explore biomass （ground or underground） morphological shape, surface area and volume of a root system. [Result] As age grew, plant height and ground diameter increased significantly, varying dramatically upon seed provenance, and root-canopy ratio, root length, surface area and volume of seedlings were increas- ing. Specifically, seedlings at two-year-old and three-year-old kept a stable growth; moderate and big roots took higher proportions in a root system; underground parts for a plant required more photosynthetic products; root systems of young seedlings grew to moderate and big roots. [Conclusion] Ground biomass is of correlation with root system indices and the morphological characteristics of root systems are close to biomass. The accumulation capacity of biomass differed for seedlings from differ- ent provenances, even in the same environment and at the same time.
基金financially supported by Wollo University,Ethiopia
文摘In Ethiopia,Cupressus lusitanica and Juniperus procera are important tree species.The incidence of the cypress aphid,Cinara cupressi,which has not been reported before on the exotic Cupressus lusitanica is becoming catastrophic.The appearance of the insect was reported for the first time in 2003 in Ethiopia.However,information is scarce on the status of this species in northeast Amhara state.The objectives of this study were to assess the extent of damage,abundance and status of the cypress aphid on C.lusitanica and J.procera in the protected and cultivated forests of South Wollo,Ethiopia.Results reveal that tree compositions of the three study areas differed.The dominant tree species were C.lucitanica(15–80%),Olea europaea(5–90%)and J.procera(14–70%).The cypress aphid showed significantly higher levels of infestation on C.lusitanica(35–90%)than on J.procera(1–16%).Moreover,there was higher C.lusitanica mortality(40–93%).In contrast,there was low infestation(1–16%)on J.procera and no mortality.The results reveal that the cypress aphid causes enormous losses of C.lusitanica.Therefore,it is recommended that insect surveillance be strengthened and the introduction bioagents be considered and integrated with other insecticides to minimize the degree of C.lusitanica infestation and loss.
文摘Many of monoterpenes produced in plants contribute to defenses against herbivores, insects and microorganisms. Among those compounds, β-thujaplicin formed in Cupressaceae plants has a unique conjugated seven-membered ring and some useful biological activities, e.g. fungicide, repellent, insecticide and so on. The biosynthesis pathway of β-thujaplicin has not yet been revealed;we have been trying to uncover it using Cupressus lusitanica cultured cells as a model. In our previous study, terpinolene was identified as a potential β-thujaplicin intermediate at the branching point to terpenoids. In this article, terpinolene metabolism in C. lusitanica cultured cells was investigated, and it was shown that the microsomal fraction from cells oxidized terpinolene into the hydroxylated compound, 5-isopropylidene-2-met-hylcyclohex-2-enol (IME). Then, IME was further oxidized by microsomal fraction to the epoxidized compound, 1,6-epoxy-4(8)-p-menthen-2-ol (EMO). These were the only two products detected from the microsomal reactions, respecttively. Moreover, microsomal reactions with monoterpenes other than terpinolene produced nothing detectable. These results show that the enzymes of these reactions had strict substrate specificity and regio-selectivity. Experiments on kinetics and with specific inhibitors confirmed that these reactions were caused by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, respectively. These results support our hypothesis that terpinolene is a putative intermediate of β-thujaplicin biosynthesis and show that IME and EMO are also putative intermediates.
文摘【目的】针对川中丘陵区普遍存在的柏木人工林密度过大、木材生产力低、林下灌草盖度低和天然更新不良等问题，开展生态疏伐试验，探讨间伐强度对林分生长和林下植物的影响，为开展柏木生态经济型防护林的营林活动提供参考。【方法】以25年生柏木人工林为研究对象，采用随机区组方法，设置4种间伐强度（20%～25%，15%～20%，10%～15%和对照）的处理，观察林分胸径、树高、蓄积量、生物多样性和天然更新幼苗数量，探讨间伐强度对其影响。【结果】不同强度间伐5年后林分平均胸径和胸径连年生长量在各处理之间均存在显著差异，胸径生长量随间伐强度加大而增加；平均树高以20%～25%间伐强度最大，达10.7 m，但20%～25%间伐强度与15%～20%间伐强度和10%～15%间伐强度之间无显著差异，而树高连年生长量在不同处理之间差异显著；20%～25%，15%～20%和10%～15%不同强度间伐5年后林分蓄积量分别为97.35，93.43和93.19 m3·hm －2，均比对照小，但蓄积连年生长量随间伐强度由高到低分别为6.11，4.58和3.66 m3·hm －2 a －1，均高于对照；20%～25%间伐强度林分的灌木和草本 Simpson 指数分别为0.7695和0.4446，Shannon-Wiener 指数分别为1.7025和0.7690，都比其他处理高；不同间伐强度天然更新幼苗株数仅在苗高5～30 cm 等级存在显著差异，30～50和50～150 cm 的幼苗在不同处理之间差异不明显；评价结果表明，综合得分以20%～25%间伐强度最大，且随间伐强度降低而减小。【结论】间伐后保留木的生长空间和营养空间得到有效改善，林分胸径和树高生长量随间伐强度增大而增加，但不同间伐强度蓄积量差异不显著；适度间伐可提高林下灌木和草本生物多样性指数；林分更新幼苗数量也随着间伐强度的增大而增加；就本研究的4种间伐强度而言，中龄阶段柏木人工林的适宜间伐强度为20%～25%。
文摘采用5个盐分梯度,对10种墨西哥柏(Cupressus lusitanica)幼苗进行盐胁迫处理。通过对苗高、地径净生长量、叶片含水量、叶绿素总含量、相对电导率、脯氨酸和丙二醛含量等指标的测定,观测其在盐胁迫下的一系列生理生化反应。结果表明:随着盐胁迫的加剧,墨西哥柏苗高、地径净生长量、叶片含水量逐渐降低,且盐胁迫对苗高的影响较对地径的大;叶片脯氨酸、丙二醛含量则随着盐胁迫程度增加显著上升;叶绿素总含量在低强度胁迫下增大而在高强度胁迫下降低;相对电导率不能真实地反映出墨西哥柏受盐胁迫的影响程度。根据隶属函数法综合评价各种源耐盐能力,筛选出了3个强抗盐种源为:D10(‘Ejido sierra de agua’)、D3(‘La cienega’)、D4(‘La cumbre del manzano’)。
