Synthesis and properties of UV curable polyurethane acrylates based on two different hydroxyethyl acrylates

Two kinds of UV curable polyurethane acrylate oligomers （PUPA and PUCA） were synthesized via the addition reaction between isophorone diisocyanate （IPDI） and polyethylene glycol monoacrylate （PEA6） or polycaprolactone modified hydroxyethyl acrylate （PCLA2）. The structures of PUPA and PUCA were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FT-IR）, IH nuclear magnetic resonance （^H NMR）, gel permeation chromatography （GPC） and differential scanning calorimeter （DSC）, and the thermal stability and dynamic mechanical thermal properties of their cured films were measured by thermogravimetric analysis （TGA） and dynamic mechanical analysis （DMA）, respectively. The viscosity of the oligomers and mechanical properties of the cured films were also studied. The results show that both oligomers have narrow molecular weight distribution. The viscosity of PUPA is 2.310 Pa.s at 25 ℃, while that of PUCA is： up to 3.980 Pa-s. The UV cured PUPA and PUCA films have homogeneous phase structure, and the PUCA film shows higher glass transition temperature and storage modulus. Furthermore, the PUCA film possesses better mechanical properties than PUPA, while the latter shows better alkali resistance.

Water-soluble UV curable urethane methyl acrylate coating：preparation and properties

Two kinds of water-soluble and ultraviolet (UV) curable oligomers were synthesized and characterized. The oligomers were evaluated as resins for water-based UV curable coating. The rheology of the two oligomers' aqueous so-lutions was investigated in terms of solid fraction, pH dependence, and temperature dependence. The solutions were found to be Newtonian fluid showing rather low viscosity even at high solid fraction of 0.55. The drying process of the coatings and the properties of the cured coatings were studied by comparing them with water-dispersed UV-curable polyurethane methyl acrylate. It was evident that the water-soluble coating dried more slowly; and that the overall properties were inferior to those of the water-dispersed coating.

Synthesis of a Novel UV Curable Aqueous Dispersion Polyurethane PDHA-PEDA-PU and the Properties of Cured Film

A novel ultraviolet （UV） curable aqueous dispersion polyurethane PDHA-PEDA-PU was synthesized based on isophorone diisocyanate （IPDI）, polyester dihydric alcohol （PDHA）, dimethylol propionic acid （DMPA）, pentaerythritol diacrylate （PEDA）, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate （HEA） and triethylamine （TEA）. Acrylate groups were incorporated in the side and end of PDHA-PEDA-PU chain. The C=C content in the chain can be controlled easily through the change of IPDI/PDHA/PEDA ratio. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR） was used to identify the structure of prepolymer, aqueous dispersion and cured polyurethane. The curing rule of the polyurethane for different C=C content has been investigated depending on the change of C=C content during the curing process. The hardness, thermal stability and scrub resistance to MEK of UV cured PDHA-PEDA-PU were also discussed for the samples with different C=C content.

Evaluation of the etiologies and rehabilitation status of patients with blindness: A prospective observational study

Objective:Preventive measures and appropriate rehabilitation are important in reducing the social burden of blindness.This study was to evaluate the etiologies,proportions,and level of rehabilitation for patients with blindness.Materials and Methods:A prospective observational study with 1000 visually impaired patients was conducted.The data regarding age,gender,socioeconomic status(SES),etiologies,curable or incurable blindness(IB),treatments,awareness,and state of rehabilitation were collected and reviewed.Results:The ratio of curable to IB was 0.82:1.The proportion of blindness rises after 40,even while the proportion of curable blindness(CB)increases after 60.The male–female ratios were 1.25:1 and 1:1.66 in the cases of CB and IB,respectively.On the other hand,the male–female ratio for childhood blindness was 1.66:1.Cataracts(78.22%)were the most common cause of CB,whereas diabetic retinopathy(24%),corneal opacity(17.5%),and trauma(12.4%)were causes of IB.Patients with illiteracy,low SES,and female gender were more likely to develop IB.There were low enrollment rates at the blind school and poor rehabilitation,mainly because of a lack of knowledge.Conclusion:Diabetic retinopathy,corneal opacity,and trauma are the major causes of IB.IB and poor rehabilitation were more profound in women and were associated with illiteracy,low SES,and a lack of awareness.

A novel epoxy methacrylate resin containing phthalazinone moiety for UV coatings

A novel ohthalazinone modified epoxy acrylate resin for the high temperature resistant ultravioet （UV） curable coating.was syn-thesized.The methacrylated epoxy resins obtained were utilized to UV radiation curing by taking 2.5% （wt%） of photoinitiator in combination with 20% （wt%） of diluent, and generated the interpenetraring polymer networks. The cured film had good thermal and chemical stability.

Computed tomography combined with gastroscopy for assessment of pancreatic segmental portal hypertension

BACKGROUND Pancreatic segmental portal hypertension(PSPH) is the only type of portal hypertension that can be completely cured. However, it can easily cause varicose veins in the esophagus and stomach and hemorrhage in the digestive tract.AIM To explore the application of computed tomography(CT) to examine the characteristics of PSPH and assess the risk level.METHODS This was a retrospective analysis of CT images of 22 patients diagnosed with PSPH at our center. Spearman correlation analysis was performed using the range of esophageal and gastric varices(measured by the vertical gastric wall), the ratio of the width of the splenic portal vein to that of the compression site(S/C ratio), the degree of splenomegaly, and the stage determined by gastroscopy. This study examined whether patients experienced gastrointestinal bleeding within 2 wk and combined CT and gastroscopy to explore the connection between bleeding and CT findings.RESULTS The range of esophageal and gastric varices showed the best correlation in the diagnosis of PSPH(P < 0.001), and the S/C ratio(P = 0.007) was correlated with the degree of splenomegaly(P = 0.021) and PSPH(P < 0.05). This study revealed that male patients were more likely than females to progress to grade 2 or grade 3 as determined by gastroscopy. CT demonstrated excellent performance, with an area under the curve of 0.879.CONCLUSION CT can be used to effectively analyze the imaging signs of PSPH, and CT combined with gastroscopy can effectively predict the risk level of gastrointestinal bleeding.

Effect of Silane Coupling Agent on the Flexural Property of Glass Fiber Reinforced Composite Film

Transparent glass fiber reinforced composites films ware fabricated by UV light induced chemical crosslinking of composite materials consisting of glass fiber and UV curable resin in film state. In order to apply film to flexible device, excellent flexural property is required, then the delamination should not occurred between glass fiber and UV curable resin when film is bent. To minimize delamination and improve the interfacial adhesion at interface between glass fiber and UV curable resin, the γ-aminopropyl triethoxy silane and γ-glycid oxypropyl trimethoxy silane were applied for the surface treatment of glass fibers. Silanization of glass fiber surface was checked by scanning electron microscopy and the degree of delamination of composite film was confirmed through the bending test, ASTEM290-96a, used by haze meter.

Radical excision of Barrett's esophagus and complete recovery of normal squamous epithelium

To treat Barrett's esophagus(BE),radiofrequency ablation or cryotherapy are effective treatments for eradicating BE with dysplasia and intestinal metaplasia,and reduce the rates of Barrett's esophageal adenocarcinoma(BAC).However,patients with BE and dysplasia or early cancer who achieved complete eradication of intestinal metaplasia,BE recurred in 5% within a year,requiring expensive endoscopic surveillances.We performed endoscopic submucosal dissection as complete radically curable treatment procedure for BE with dysplasia,intestinal metaplasia and BAC.

Synthesis and Characterization of UV Oligomer based on Cardanol

In the present research,cardanol based di-acrylic UV oligomer was synthesized by thiol-ene coupling followed by ring opening reaction with glycidyl methacrylate.The intermediate as well as final diacrylate materials were analyzed by chemical as well as spectroscopic analysis.Further,ultraviolet(UV)radiation curable formulations were prepared by replacing commercial epoxy acrylate with synthesized UV oligomer in 10-50 wt%and applied on wood panels.The coated films were then evaluated for their optical,mechanical,chemical and thermal properties.Studies showed that up to 30 wt%amount of UVoligomer the coatings exhibited at par mechanical and chemical properties.The stain resistance of all the coatings was observed to be excellent.

Prognostic factors in patients with node-negative gastric carcinoma:A comparison with node-positive gastric carcinoma

AIM： To identify the clinicopathological characteristics of lymph node-negative gastric carcinoma, and also to evaluate outcome indicators in the lymph node-negative patients.METHODS： Of 2848 gastric carcinoma patients, 1524 （53.5%） were lymph nede-negative. A statistical analysis was performed using the Cox model to estimate outcome indicators. RESULTS： There was a significant difference in the recurrence rate between lymph nede-negative and lymph node-positive patients （14.4% vs 41.0%, P〈0.001）. The 5-year survival rate was significantly lower in lymph node-positive than in lymph node-negative patients （31.1% vs 77.4%, P〈0.001）. Univariate analysis revealed that the following factors influenced the 5-year survival rate： patient age, tumor size, depth of invasion, tumor location, operative type, and tumor stage at initial diagnosis. The Cox proportional hazard regression model revealed that tumor size, serosal invasion, and curability were independent, statistically significant, prognostic indicators of lymph node-negative gastric carcinoma. CONCLUSION： Lymph node-negative patients have a favorable outcome attributable to high curability, but the patients with relatively large tumors and serosal invasion have a poor prognosis. Curability is one of the most reliable predictors of long-term survival for lymph nodenegative gastric carcinoma patients.

The ORC Patient/Tumor Classification—A New Approach: A New Challenge with Special Consideration for the Lung

Purpose: The development of malignancy is a life changing concern for many individuals. The classification of the tumor alone does not adequately take into consideration the patient’s physical condition. Thus, a system to classify both the patient and the tumor has been followed-the ORC system. Method: Additional information regarding the patient and their health has been followed by most physicians but not systematically categorized. By using the individuals health information in addition to the TNM classification one can more adequately advise the patient. Thus O-operability, R-resectability, and C-curability are all considered and more appropriately define the patient and his/her tumor condition. Results: The patient’s physical condition must be acceptable for the treatment-whether surgical or nonsurgical. Pulmonary, cardiac, muscular, renal or other disease entities must not be so severe as to prevent treatment (operability). The lesion should be in a location and of a size to afford possible excision-resectability, and the tumor should be potentially curable in order to justify major intervention. Thus, by combining the patient’s specific health status as well as the tumor characteristics (TNM) a better clarification of the treatment, the options, and the prognosis are delineated. Conclusion: When a patient is seen with a tumor-malignant or benign, therapeutic considerations must include the individual’s health status as well as the tumor prior to determining the treatment. Therefore, a system to consider both the health and the tumor is proposed-the ORC system.

Functionalized Hyperbranched Aliphatic Polyester Polyols: Synthesis,Properties and Applications

Recently, hyperbranched polymers(HBPs), which differ significantly in structure and properties from linear, cross-linked and branched analogs, have become increasingly important. HBP have a spatial unloaded core and a shell of branched monomer units(dendrons), in which functional groups are predominantly located in the surface layer. The size of macromolecules ranges from 2 nm to 100 nm. Currently, there are a fairly large number of publications in the literature devoted to the modification of hyperbranched polyester polyols with various functional groups and the assessment of the potential for their use. However, there are no review articles on this topic in recent years. In this regard, it is relevant to generalize the latest achievements in the field of synthesis, properties and application of hyperbranched polyester polyols with terminal oxygen, nitrogen, silicon, sulfur and organophosphorus fragments. The advantage of hyperbranched polyester polyols of the Boltorn H series is their industrial availability, biodegradability, nanoscale, non-toxicity and high solubility in various polar solvents due to short monomer units, as well as the presence of reactive terminal hydroxyl groups. Functionalization of hyperbranched polyester polyols at hydroxyl groups is mainly carried out by addition of acid anhydrides, iso(thio)cyanates, alkenes, lactides, lactones, lactams, epoxy compounds or reactions with halogenated compounds(alkyl halides, acid chlorides). In some cases, for the functionalization of polyester polyols special linkers are used, such as acid chlorides of unsaturated or dicarboxylic acids, diisocyanates, etc., which provide covalent bonding of the hyperbranched polymer with the target functional group. The obtained derivatives of hyperbranched polyesters are widely used in such areas as biomedicine, pharmacy, paints and varnishes, they are also used as catalysts, membranes, multifunctional coatings, plasticizers and polymer stabilizers.

ECO-FRIENDLY WATER-BORNE CONDUCTING POLYANILINE

Among the intrinsically conductive polymers, polyanilines have been of great interest in the past decades due to their wide applications in many fields, thanks to their reasonably good conductivity, easy preparation, and special redox properties. Ever-increasing environmental corsiderations make the processing of polyanilines shift from toxic organic solvent-based system to eco-friendly water-based system. The present paper reviews the synthesis of water-borne conducting polyanilines, and possible applications are discussed including supercapacitor electrode material, metal free corrosion protection coating, lithium oxygen battery cathode material and ultraviolet curable resin.