The local time dependence of the geomagnetic disturbances during magnetic storms indicates the necessity of forecasting the localized magnetic storm indices.For the first time,we construct prediction models for the Su...The local time dependence of the geomagnetic disturbances during magnetic storms indicates the necessity of forecasting the localized magnetic storm indices.For the first time,we construct prediction models for the SuperMAG partial ring current indices(SMR-LT),with the advance time increasing from 1 h to 12 h by Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)neural network.Generally,the prediction performance decreases with the advance time and is better for the SMR-06 index than for the SMR-00,SMR-12,and SMR-18 index.For the predictions with 12 h ahead,the correlation coefficient is 0.738,0.608,0.665,and 0.613,respectively.To avoid the over-represented effect of massive data during geomagnetic quiet periods,only the data during magnetic storms are used to train and test our models,and the improvement in prediction metrics increases with the advance time.For example,for predicting the storm-time SMR-06 index with 12 h ahead,the correlation coefficient and the prediction efficiency increases from 0.674 to 0.691,and from 0.349 to 0.455,respectively.The evaluation of the model performance for forecasting the storm intensity shows that the relative error for intense storms is usually less than the relative error for moderate storms.展开更多
电解水技术是制取高纯度氢气的有效途径,为传统的氢气生产提供了一种可持续的替代方案.其中,开发性能优异的电催化材料是降低电解水制氢成本的关键.析氧反应(OER)由于涉及多个电子转移而导致的动力学缓慢,是克服高过电位的主要挑战.镍...电解水技术是制取高纯度氢气的有效途径,为传统的氢气生产提供了一种可持续的替代方案.其中,开发性能优异的电催化材料是降低电解水制氢成本的关键.析氧反应(OER)由于涉及多个电子转移而导致的动力学缓慢,是克服高过电位的主要挑战.镍铁羟基/氢氧化物(NiFe(oxy)hydroxides)是近期研究的热点,其在碱性条件下具有极低的OER过电位,部分材料性能甚至超过了贵金属基催化剂,如IrO_(2)和RuO_(2).然而,NiFe(oxy)hydroxides的长期催化稳定性,尤其是在大电流下的长期催化稳定性,成为限制其实际应用的主要问题,这主要是由于铁元素的严重流失导致的.因此,如何有效控制和利用电化学溶解/沉积动力学成为稳定铁位点的关键.为克服该挑战,本文提出了一种大电流极化重构方法来固定活性铁位点.通过在大电流(1.5 A cm^(-2))下对材料进行表面快速极化重构,成功制备了FeOOH@NiOOH(eFNO_(L))电催化剂.eFNO_(L)不仅具有稳定的铁位点,还暴露出高指数晶面,因此eFNO_(L)同时展现出较好的OER催化活性和稳定性.同时,密度泛函理论计算结果表明,与具有低指数晶面的FeNiOOH相比,大电流极化工程制备的分相eFNO_(L)对铁位点表现出更高的结合能,可以有效抑制OER过程中的铁流失,且高指数晶面在改变速率决定步骤和减少吸附能垒上具有更大的优势.电化学测试结果表明,经过优化后的eFNO_(L)催化剂在产生100和500 mA cm^(-2)大电流密度仅需234和27 mV的过电位,并且具有较小的Tafel斜率(35.2 mV dec^(-1)).由于铁位点结合能的提高,eFNO_(L)催化剂在500 mA cm^(-2)的电流密度下能够稳定催化超过100 h,且仅有1.5%的性能衰减,优于近期报道的大多数镍铁基OER催化剂.综上,本文为开发高活性和高稳定性能的催化剂提供了一种有效的大电流电化学重构策略,在电解水制氢领域实现其工业化的大规模应用方面显示出巨大潜力,有望降低可持续电解水制氢成本.展开更多
When waves propagate into diagonal opposing current from non-current area, not only the wave parameters but also the direction of wave propagation will change, that is, wave refraction will occur. The authors have cal...When waves propagate into diagonal opposing current from non-current area, not only the wave parameters but also the direction of wave propagation will change, that is, wave refraction will occur. The authors have calculated the changes of wave parameters, including wave refraction, by Linear Wave Theory, and have also done systematic study on wave transformation and breaking in opposing current by means of experimental analysis and theoretical calculation. In order to know the effect of wave refraction, computation is done in this paper about wave transformation and breaking on gentle slopes in diagonal opposing current.展开更多
A novel low power and low voltage current mirror with a very low current copy error is presented and the principle of its operation is discussed. In this circuit, the gain boosting regulated cascode scheme is used to ...A novel low power and low voltage current mirror with a very low current copy error is presented and the principle of its operation is discussed. In this circuit, the gain boosting regulated cascode scheme is used to improve the output resistance, while using inverter as an amplifier. The simulation results with HSPICE in TSMC 0.18 μm CMOS technology are given, which verify the high performance of the proposed structure. Simulation results show an input resistance of 0.014 Ω and an output resistance of 3 GΩ. The current copy error is favorable as low as 0.002% together with an input (the minimum input voltage of Vin,min- 0.24 V) and an output (the minimum output voltage of Vout,min~ 0.16 V) compliances while working with the 1 V power supply and the 50 μA input current. The current copy error is near zero at the input current of 27 μA. It consumes only 76μW and introduces a very low output offset current of 50 pA.展开更多
In moving object database, the moving objects’ current position must be kept in memory, also to the trajectory, in some case, as same as the future. But the current existing indexes such as SEB tree, SETI tree, 2+3R ...In moving object database, the moving objects’ current position must be kept in memory, also to the trajectory, in some case, as same as the future. But the current existing indexes such as SEB tree, SETI tree, 2+3R tree, 2 3RT tree and etc. can only provide the capability for past and current query, and the TPR Tree, TPR * Tree and etc. can only provide the capability for current and future query. None of them can provide a strategy for indexing the past, current and also the future information of moving objects. In this paper, we propose the past current future Index (PCFI Index) to index the past, current & future information of the moving objects. It is the combination of SETI tree and TPR * tree, the SETI liking index is used for indexing the historical trajectory segments except the front line structure, and the moving objects’ current positions, velocities are indexed via the in memory frontline structure which mainly implemented with TPR * tree. Considering the large update operations on TPR tree of large population, a hash table considering cache sensitivity is also introduced. It works with the frontline part, leading a bottom up update of the tree. The performance analysis proves that the PCFI index can handle most of the query efficiently and provides a uniform solution for the trajectory query, time slice query, internal query and moving query.展开更多
Abstract---The stability of the drive current is very important for a laser driver, while it is difficult to maintain the current stable at a high value for the laser driver. On the other hand, the range of the drive ...Abstract---The stability of the drive current is very important for a laser driver, while it is difficult to maintain the current stable at a high value for the laser driver. On the other hand, the range of the drive current is expected to be as wide as possible to be applied to different kinds of lasers. In this paper, a high current laser driver for the superluminescent light emitting diode (SLED) is presented, which is used in the optic fiber gyro embedded by a 0.35 μm bipolar complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor (BiCMOS) process. The laser driver provides automatic power control and certain value of current determined by the external resister. The system is based on the optic-electric feedback theory and uses the closed-loop control technique to maintain the drive current stable. The system is capable of producing stable current ranges from 4 mA to 200 mA when the value of external resister changes.展开更多
The effects of Na+ and Ca2+ in the purified water on the conductivity of zinc electrolyte and the current efficiency of zinc electrolysis were studied by the alternating current bridge method and the simulated electro...The effects of Na+ and Ca2+ in the purified water on the conductivity of zinc electrolyte and the current efficiency of zinc electrolysis were studied by the alternating current bridge method and the simulated electrolysis experiments,and the water quality index of reused water was established. The results show that the conductivity of the solution and the current efficiency decrease as these two kinds of positive ions are added in the electrolyte. The effect of Ca2+ is much more remarkable than that of Na+. ρ(Na+)≤ 8 g/L and ρ(Ca2+)≤20 mg/L are the quality indexes in the zinc electrolysis process and the concentrations of Na+ and Ca2+ in the purified water reused to the process should be less than the limited values,i.e. the water quality index of the purified water should be controlled by its reused amount.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China grants(42022032,41874203,42188101)project of Civil Aerospace"13 th Five Year Plan"Preliminary Research in Space Science(D020301,D030202),Strategic Priority Research Program of CAS(XDA17010301)+1 种基金Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences CAS(QYZDJ-SSW-JSC028)International Partner-National Program of CAS(183311KYSB20200017)。
文摘The local time dependence of the geomagnetic disturbances during magnetic storms indicates the necessity of forecasting the localized magnetic storm indices.For the first time,we construct prediction models for the SuperMAG partial ring current indices(SMR-LT),with the advance time increasing from 1 h to 12 h by Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)neural network.Generally,the prediction performance decreases with the advance time and is better for the SMR-06 index than for the SMR-00,SMR-12,and SMR-18 index.For the predictions with 12 h ahead,the correlation coefficient is 0.738,0.608,0.665,and 0.613,respectively.To avoid the over-represented effect of massive data during geomagnetic quiet periods,only the data during magnetic storms are used to train and test our models,and the improvement in prediction metrics increases with the advance time.For example,for predicting the storm-time SMR-06 index with 12 h ahead,the correlation coefficient and the prediction efficiency increases from 0.674 to 0.691,and from 0.349 to 0.455,respectively.The evaluation of the model performance for forecasting the storm intensity shows that the relative error for intense storms is usually less than the relative error for moderate storms.
文摘电解水技术是制取高纯度氢气的有效途径,为传统的氢气生产提供了一种可持续的替代方案.其中,开发性能优异的电催化材料是降低电解水制氢成本的关键.析氧反应(OER)由于涉及多个电子转移而导致的动力学缓慢,是克服高过电位的主要挑战.镍铁羟基/氢氧化物(NiFe(oxy)hydroxides)是近期研究的热点,其在碱性条件下具有极低的OER过电位,部分材料性能甚至超过了贵金属基催化剂,如IrO_(2)和RuO_(2).然而,NiFe(oxy)hydroxides的长期催化稳定性,尤其是在大电流下的长期催化稳定性,成为限制其实际应用的主要问题,这主要是由于铁元素的严重流失导致的.因此,如何有效控制和利用电化学溶解/沉积动力学成为稳定铁位点的关键.为克服该挑战,本文提出了一种大电流极化重构方法来固定活性铁位点.通过在大电流(1.5 A cm^(-2))下对材料进行表面快速极化重构,成功制备了FeOOH@NiOOH(eFNO_(L))电催化剂.eFNO_(L)不仅具有稳定的铁位点,还暴露出高指数晶面,因此eFNO_(L)同时展现出较好的OER催化活性和稳定性.同时,密度泛函理论计算结果表明,与具有低指数晶面的FeNiOOH相比,大电流极化工程制备的分相eFNO_(L)对铁位点表现出更高的结合能,可以有效抑制OER过程中的铁流失,且高指数晶面在改变速率决定步骤和减少吸附能垒上具有更大的优势.电化学测试结果表明,经过优化后的eFNO_(L)催化剂在产生100和500 mA cm^(-2)大电流密度仅需234和27 mV的过电位,并且具有较小的Tafel斜率(35.2 mV dec^(-1)).由于铁位点结合能的提高,eFNO_(L)催化剂在500 mA cm^(-2)的电流密度下能够稳定催化超过100 h,且仅有1.5%的性能衰减,优于近期报道的大多数镍铁基OER催化剂.综上,本文为开发高活性和高稳定性能的催化剂提供了一种有效的大电流电化学重构策略,在电解水制氢领域实现其工业化的大规模应用方面显示出巨大潜力,有望降低可持续电解水制氢成本.
基金This study is a part of the research program supported financially by the National Science Foundatin of China and State Education Committee Foundation
文摘When waves propagate into diagonal opposing current from non-current area, not only the wave parameters but also the direction of wave propagation will change, that is, wave refraction will occur. The authors have calculated the changes of wave parameters, including wave refraction, by Linear Wave Theory, and have also done systematic study on wave transformation and breaking in opposing current by means of experimental analysis and theoretical calculation. In order to know the effect of wave refraction, computation is done in this paper about wave transformation and breaking on gentle slopes in diagonal opposing current.
基金supported by the Iran University of Science and Technology
文摘A novel low power and low voltage current mirror with a very low current copy error is presented and the principle of its operation is discussed. In this circuit, the gain boosting regulated cascode scheme is used to improve the output resistance, while using inverter as an amplifier. The simulation results with HSPICE in TSMC 0.18 μm CMOS technology are given, which verify the high performance of the proposed structure. Simulation results show an input resistance of 0.014 Ω and an output resistance of 3 GΩ. The current copy error is favorable as low as 0.002% together with an input (the minimum input voltage of Vin,min- 0.24 V) and an output (the minimum output voltage of Vout,min~ 0.16 V) compliances while working with the 1 V power supply and the 50 μA input current. The current copy error is near zero at the input current of 27 μA. It consumes only 76μW and introduces a very low output offset current of 50 pA.
基金This work is supported by University IT Ressearch Center Project in Korea.
文摘In moving object database, the moving objects’ current position must be kept in memory, also to the trajectory, in some case, as same as the future. But the current existing indexes such as SEB tree, SETI tree, 2+3R tree, 2 3RT tree and etc. can only provide the capability for past and current query, and the TPR Tree, TPR * Tree and etc. can only provide the capability for current and future query. None of them can provide a strategy for indexing the past, current and also the future information of moving objects. In this paper, we propose the past current future Index (PCFI Index) to index the past, current & future information of the moving objects. It is the combination of SETI tree and TPR * tree, the SETI liking index is used for indexing the historical trajectory segments except the front line structure, and the moving objects’ current positions, velocities are indexed via the in memory frontline structure which mainly implemented with TPR * tree. Considering the large update operations on TPR tree of large population, a hash table considering cache sensitivity is also introduced. It works with the frontline part, leading a bottom up update of the tree. The performance analysis proves that the PCFI index can handle most of the query efficiently and provides a uniform solution for the trajectory query, time slice query, internal query and moving query.
文摘Abstract---The stability of the drive current is very important for a laser driver, while it is difficult to maintain the current stable at a high value for the laser driver. On the other hand, the range of the drive current is expected to be as wide as possible to be applied to different kinds of lasers. In this paper, a high current laser driver for the superluminescent light emitting diode (SLED) is presented, which is used in the optic fiber gyro embedded by a 0.35 μm bipolar complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor (BiCMOS) process. The laser driver provides automatic power control and certain value of current determined by the external resister. The system is based on the optic-electric feedback theory and uses the closed-loop control technique to maintain the drive current stable. The system is capable of producing stable current ranges from 4 mA to 200 mA when the value of external resister changes.
基金Project(2007BAC25B01) supported by the National Key Project of Scientific and Technical Supporting Programs Funded by Ministry of Science and Technology of China during the 11th Five-Year PlanProject(308019) supported by the Key Scientific and Technical Project, Ministry of Education of China+1 种基金Project(08JJ3020) supported by Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject (50830301) supported by the Key Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The effects of Na+ and Ca2+ in the purified water on the conductivity of zinc electrolyte and the current efficiency of zinc electrolysis were studied by the alternating current bridge method and the simulated electrolysis experiments,and the water quality index of reused water was established. The results show that the conductivity of the solution and the current efficiency decrease as these two kinds of positive ions are added in the electrolyte. The effect of Ca2+ is much more remarkable than that of Na+. ρ(Na+)≤ 8 g/L and ρ(Ca2+)≤20 mg/L are the quality indexes in the zinc electrolysis process and the concentrations of Na+ and Ca2+ in the purified water reused to the process should be less than the limited values,i.e. the water quality index of the purified water should be controlled by its reused amount.