Observation of Arctic surface currents using data from a surface drifting buoy

During the 10th Chinese Arctic scientific expedition carried out in the summer of 2019,the surface current in the high-latitude areas of the Arctic Ocean was observed using a self-developed surface drifting buoy,which was initially deployed in the Chukchi Sea.The buoy traversed the Chukchi Sea,Chukchi Abyssal Plain,Mendeleev Ridge,Makarov Basin,and Canada Basin over a period of 632 d.After returning to the Mendeleev Ridge,it continued to drift toward the pole.Overall,the track of the buoy reflected the characteristics of the transpolar drift and Chukchi Slope Current,as well as the inertial flow,cross-ridge surface flow,and even the surface disorganized flow for some time intervals.The results showed that:(1)the transpolar drift mainly occurs in the Chukchi Abyssal Plain,Mendeleev Ridge,and western Canada Basin to the east of the ridge where sea ice concentration is high,and the average northward flow velocity in the region between 79.41°N and 86.32°N was 5.1 cm/s;(2)the average surface velocity of the Chukchi Slope Current was 13.5 cm/s,and while this current moves westward along the continental slope,it also extends northwestward across the continental slope and flows to the deep sea;and(3)when sea ice concentration was less than 50%,the inertial flow was more significant(the maximum observed inertial flow was 26 cm/s,and the radius of the inertia circle was 3.6 km).

An Adaptive Slope Compensation Circuit for Peak Current Mode of Boost Switching Power Supply

Based on the analysis of the basic principle of slope compensation, a high-precision adaptive slope compensation circuit for peak current mode boost DC/DC converter is designed. The circuit dynamically detects the input and output voltage of the boost circuit to realize automatic adjustment of the compensation amount with the change of duty ratio, which makes the ramp compensation slope optimized. The design uses a high-precision subtracter to improve the accuracy of slope compensation. While eliminating sub-slope oscillation and improving the stability of boost circuit, the negative impact of compensation on boost circuit is minimized, and the load capacity and transient response speed of boost circuit are guaranteed. The circuit is designed based on SMIC 0.18um CMOS technology, with simple structure, high reliability and easy engineering implementation. Spectre circuit simulator 17.1.0.124 64b simulation results show that the circuit has high compensation accuracy and wide input and output voltage range. When the working voltage is 3.3 V, the compensation slope can be adjusted adaptively under different duty cycles, and the minimum error between the compensation slope and the theoretical optimal compensation slope is only 0.42%.

Wave shoaling and diffraction in current over a mild-slope

The wave relative frequency in the coordinate system moving with current and the angle between the direction ofwave propagation and that of current are computed based on the wave dispersion relation. The current field iscomputed by solving the depth averaged shallow water equations. The wave field is computed by solving the mild-slope equation which has taken the currents effect into account. A numerical model is established using a finiteelement method for simulating the wave shoaling and diffraction in current over a mild-slope, and the numericalresults are reasonable to compare with the experimental data.

The Upper 1000-m Slope Currents North of the South Shetland Islands and Elephant Island Based on Ship Cruise Observations

While the Antarctic Slope Current(ASC) has been intensively studied for the East Antarctica slope area and the Weddell Sea, its fate in the western Antarctic Peninsula(WAP) region remains much less known. Data from two cruises conducted near the South Shetland Islands(SSIs) and the Elephant Island(EI), one in austral summer of 2004 and one in austral winter of 2006, were analyzed to provide a broad picture of the circulation pattern over the continental slope of the surveyed area, and an insight into the dynamical balance of the circulation. The results indicate that southwestward currents are present over the upper slope in the study area, indicating the ASC in the WAP region. Near the Shackleton Gap(SG) north of the EI, the southwestward slope currents near the shelf break are characterized by a water mass colder and fresher than the ambient water, which produces cross-slope density gradients and then vertical shear of the along-slope(or along-isobath) velocity. The vertical shear is associated with a reversal of the along-slope current from northeastward at surface to southwestward in deeper layers, or a depth-intensification of the southwestward slope currents. The water mass with temperature and salinity characteristics similar to the observed cold and fresh water is also revealed on the southern slope of the Scotia Sea, suggesting that this cold and fresh water is originated from the Scotia Sea slope and flows southwestward through the SG. Over the shelf north of the SSIs, the cold and fresh water mass is also observed and originates mainly from the Bransfield Strait. In this area, vertical structure of the southwestward slope currents is associated with the onshore intrusion of the upper Circumpolar Deep Water that creates cross-slope density gradients.

Numerical Simulation of Wave-Induced Currents Combined with Parabolic Mild-Slope Equation in Curvilinear Coordinates

Researches on breaking-induced currents by waves are summarized firstly in this paper. Then, a combined numerical model in orthogonal curvilinear coordinates is presented to simulate wave-induced current in areas with curved boundary or irregular coastline. The proposed wave-induced current model includes a nearshore current module established through orthogonal curvilinear transformation form of shallow water equations and a wave module based on the curvilinear parabolic approximation wave equation. The wave module actually serves as the driving force to provide the current module with required radiation stresses. The Crank-Nicolson finite difference scheme and the alternating directions implicit method are used to solve the wave and current module, respectively. The established surf zone currents model is validated by two numerical experiments about longshore currents and rip currents in basins with rip channel and breakwater. The numerical results are compared with the measured data and published numerical results.

Mild-slope equation for water waves propagating over non-uniform currents and uneven bottoms

A time-dependent mild-slope equation for the extension of the classic mild-slope equation of Berkhoff is developed for the interactions of large ambient currents and waves propagating over an uneven bottom, using a Hamiltonian formulation for irrotational motions. The bottom topography consists of two components the slowly varying component which satisfies the mild-slope approximation, and the fast varying component with wavelengths on the order of the surface wavelength but amplitudes which scale as a small parameter describing the mild-slope condition. The theory is more widely applicable and contains as special cases the following famous mild-slope type equations: the classical mild-Slope equation, Kirby's extended mild-slope equation with current, and Dingemans's mild-slope equation for rippled bed. Finally, good agreement between the classic experimental data concerning Bragg reflection and the present numerical results is observed.

深中通道沉管隧道水下基槽开挖边坡稳定性分析

在沉管隧道整体施工过程中,特别是外海沉管隧道,其深基槽通常面临海流作用复杂、基槽泥沙回淤等问题,给基槽边坡的安全稳定性带来不利影响。以深中通道沉管隧道工程为背景,采用数值模拟方法,通过对边坡形态、边坡回淤物分布以及海流荷载等因素的研究,分析了在相应条件下水下基槽边坡的安全系数和破坏特性。结果表明,边坡的土体特性与几何形态、边坡回淤物的分布与厚度以及海流荷载的大小与方向的变化均会对基槽边坡的稳定性造成不同程度的影响。

Non-inverting buck-boost DC-DC converter based on constant inductor current control

The hysteresis control combined with PWM control non-inverting buck-boost was proposed to improve the light load efficiency and power density.The constant inductor current control(CICC)was established to mitigate the dependence on the external components and device variation and make smooth transition between hysteresis control loop and pulse width modulation(PWM)control loop.The small signal model was deduced for the buck and boost operation mode.The inductor current slope control(ICSC)was proposed to implement the automatic mode transition between buck and boost mode in one switching cycle.The results show that the converter prototype has good dynamic response capability,achieving 94%efficiency and 95%peak efficiency at full 10 A load current.

一种斜坡补偿电路的设计

阐述在采用电流模为控制架构的开关电源电路中,需要引入斜坡补偿电路来避免因系统占空比大于50%以后,而带来的次谐波振荡。提出一种全程斜坡补偿办法,通过负反馈结构,实现线性补偿。

用于镀锌铁皮保护层下检测的脉冲涡流技术研究

在实际应用中,脉冲涡流检测技术会受到保温层外的保护层的影响,其中镀锌铁皮保护层对脉冲涡流信号影响较大。研究了不同保护层对脉冲涡流信号的影响,重点分析了镀锌铁皮厚度、提离高度和镀锌铁皮振动对脉冲涡流信号的影响,并提出了解决方案:当提离高度相同时,带镀锌铁皮保护层的脉冲涡流信号幅值较不带保护层时的信号幅值大幅减小,此时需选择穿透能力更强的检测探头并提高发射电流强度;当以晚期信号斜率作为表征壁厚的特征值时,提离高度对计算壁厚的影响较小;考虑到磁致伸缩引起的探头振动,检测过程中应避免检测探头与镀锌铁皮直接接触。

一种应用于半桥拓扑的斜率补偿电路

针对在峰值电流控制模式下半桥型开关电源存在次谐波振荡的问题,提出一种新型斜率补偿电路。该斜率补偿电路由少量外围常用器件构成,其补偿深度可由外围器件参数进行调节,与开关驱动信号完全保持同步。基于LTspice搭建斜率补偿电路的仿真模型,仿真结果表明,该电路补偿效果良好。样机实测结果也验证了该斜率补偿电路的有效性。所提电路适用于选择峰值电流模式但电源管理芯片内部没有斜率补偿电路的应用场合。

面向高帧率CMOS图像传感器的12位列级全差分SAR/SS ADC设计

针对高帧率CMOS图像传感器的应用需求,提出一种结合逐次逼近型(Successive Approximation Register,SAR)和单斜坡(Single Slope,SS)结构的混合型模拟数字转换器(Analog to Digital Converter,ADC)。该ADC的分辨率为12位,其中SAR ADC实现高6位量化,SS ADC实现低6位量化。该ADC采用了全差分结构消除采样开关的固定失调并减少非线性误差,同时在SAR ADC中采用了异步逻辑电路进一步缩短转换周期。采用110 nm 1P4M CMOS工艺对该电路进行了设计和版图实现,后仿真结果表明,在20 MHz的时钟下,转换周期仅为3.3μs,无杂散动态范围为77.12 dB,信噪失真比为67.38 dB,有效位数为10.90位。

巢湖市青苔山镁矿(冶镁白云岩)及冶金用白云岩矿矿山地质环境特征及治理建议

巢湖市青苔山镁矿(冶镁白云岩)及冶金用白云岩矿矿山生产造成地形地貌、生态景观破坏等一系列问题,急需进行生态修复工作。本文以现状调查为基础,以针对性解决矿山地质现状地质环境问题为重点,为矿山生态修复的治理提供更科学合理的治理设计方案。

Numerical Simulation for Refraction-Diffraction of Waves in Water of Slowly Varying Current and Topography

A new numerical finite difference iteration method for refraction-diffraction of waves ia water of slowly varying current and topography is developed in this paper. And corresponding theoretical model including the dissipation term is briefly described, together with some analysis and comparison of computational results of the model with measurements in a hydraulic scale model (Berkhoff et al., 1982). An example of practical use of the method is given, showing that the present model is useful to engineering practice.

Numerical study of pollutant movement in waves and wave-induced long-shore currents in surf zone

Water waves, wave-induced long-shore currents and movement of pollutants in waves and currents have been numerically studied based on the hyperbolic mild-slope equation, the shallow water equation , as well as the pollutant movement equation, and the numerical results have also been validated by experimental data. It is shown that the long-shore current velocity and wave set-up increase with the increasing incident wave amplitude and slope steepness of the shore plane ; the wave set-up increases with the in- creasing incident wave period;and the pollutant morement proceeds more quiekly with the increasing incident wave amplitude and slope steepness of the shore palane. In surf zones, the long-shore currents induced by the inclined incident waves have effectively affected the pollutant movement.

EFFECTS OF SLOPING BOTTOM ON THE DEEPCROSS-EQUATORIAL BOUNDARY CURRENT

This paper reports study focusing on the effects of sloping bottom on the deep cross-equatorial boundary current, and discusses model and laboratory experiment results showing that the southward that the southward intrusion distance and flow speed of the western boundary current depend on the bottom slope variation rate,the difference between and and are the current thickness at eastward edge and westward edge, respectively), and the net mass transport.

Numerical study on water waves and wave-induced longshore currents in Obaky coastal water

In this paper, the water waves and wave-induced longshore currents in Obak6y coastal water which is located at the Mediterranean coast of Turkey were numerically studied. The numerical model is based on the parabolic mild-slope equation for coastal water waves and the nonlinear shallow water equation for the wave-induced currents. The wave transformation under the effects of shoaling, refraction, diffraction and breaking is considered, and the wave provides radiation stresses for driving currents in the model. The numerical results for the water wave-induced longshore currents were validated by the measured data to demonstrate the efficiency of the numerical model. Then the water waves and longshore currents induced by the waves from main directions were numerically simulated and analyzed based on the numerical results. The numerical results show that the movement of the longshore currents was different while the wave proDaRated to a coastal zone from different directions.

Episodic Carbonate Deposits on the Triassic Continental Slope in Southern China

Abstract Episodic carbonate deposits on the Triassic continental slope in southern China are mainly composed of gravity-flow limestones and contourite limestones. Gravity-flow limestones were well developed in the lower and middle Yangtze area in the Early Triassic and in the Yunnan-Guizhou-Guangxi area in the Early and Middle Triassic. Five fundamental types of gravity-flow limestones are recognized: slide limestone, debris-flow limestone, grain-flow limestone, turbidite limestone and rockfall limestone. They form six types of assemblage beds: slide-debris-flow limestones, slide-debris-flow-turbidite limestone, slide-debris-flow-grain-flow-turbidite limestone, rockfall-debris-flow limestone, debris-flow-turbidite limestone, and debris-flow-grain-flow-turbidite limestone. The first two were formed mainly in the Early Triassic slopes. The Middle Triassic slopes were characterized by widespread rockfall limestone. Growth faults, storms, earthquakes and oversteepened slopes are considered to be the probable triggers of the gravity flows.

开关磁阻电机低速运行无位置传感器检测方法

针对开关磁阻电机低速运行方法中的传统脉冲注入法只利用非导通相电流信息,存在导通区间受限和续流影响估计精度的问题。本文对低速控制策略与无位置检测原理进行研究,提出了一种双电流斩波限PWM滞环控制的三相电流斜率差值无位置传感器检测方案。所提方案在导通区采用双斩波限PWM滞环控制,使导通区电流斩波次数增加,能够改善低速运行时的性能,并提高电流斜率差值的计算精度。与传统非导通相电流比较方法只利用非导通相信息相比,该方案增加了导通相电流计算。在计算导通相电流斜率差值后,与两非导通相形成三相电流斜率差值,从而估计电机的实时位置信息。以三相12/8结构的电机进行了相关仿真和实验验证,实验结果表明,该方案能够有效解决传统方法存在的导通区间固定和实时角度计算受续流影响的问题。

Numerical simulation of the upper ocean currents in South China Sea

The upper ocean currents in the Pacific Ocean are calculated by using an ocean model with higher horizontal resolution. The large current systems in the Pacific Ocean, such as Kuroshio, Oyashio, NEC, SEC, NECC,Califomia Current and East Australia Current, are well simulated. This paper only gives the numerical simulation results of the upper ocean currents of the representative months in four seasons in the South China Sea (SCS). It showsthat the SCS branch of Kuroshio is the most important current in the northem SCS and it is not only the water resourceof the SCS warm current but also a significant part of the overall SCS circulation. There is a relatively strong northeastward flow entering the SCS through the Taiwan Strait throughout the year except for specific months. Some of thenumerical results have been confirmed by the observational evidences.