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A Survey on the Sexual and Contraceptive Behaviors in Chinese Female College Students
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作者 李十月 左丹 +3 位作者 徐德龙 许迅宇 张东献 卢祖洵 《Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Medical Sciences)》 SCIE CAS 2006年第6期759-761,762,共4页
To get information in the sexual and contraceptive behaviors in Chinese female college students, a randomized cluster sampling was conducted in colleges and universities in Wuhan Area, China, in terms of types of coll... To get information in the sexual and contraceptive behaviors in Chinese female college students, a randomized cluster sampling was conducted in colleges and universities in Wuhan Area, China, in terms of types of colleges, subjects (literature, sciences, medicines, art etc), and grades etc. A total number of 2450 questionnaires were distributed, with 2365 questionnaires returned being valid. The return rate of valid questionnaires was 96.6 %. The questionnaire investigation was conducted on a multiple-choice and anonymous basis. Data were input into computer and SPSS12.0 software package was employed for statistical analysis. Among the female students, 1196 had the experiences of hugging and kissing (50.57 %) and 423 (17.89 %) had sexual experiences (sexual intercourse). The first sexual intercourse took place at the age of 19.23±1.74 y. There were significant differences in the sexual experiences among the majors of different subjects, with the rate of sexual experiences in art majors (43.17 %) and high-grade students (34.31%) being the highest. The causes of the first sexual intercourse included sexual impulse, curiosity, intention to strengthen the relationship or to show loyalty to boyfriend and sometimes violence. While the motives of the sexual intercourse within the past one year before the investigation were to satisfy the sexual needs and to strengthen the relation with their boyfriends. With both first intercourse and sexual experiences within last one year, the partners of the sexual intercourse were mainly their boyfriends (95.7 % and 97.3 % respectively), but the partners also included acquaintances, "one night stand" partners and customers of sex trade. Some of them had multiple sexual partners, with the highest number of the sexual partners being 11. In the first sexual intercourse of the subjects, 44.0 % of them did not take any contraceptive measures; only 16.4 % of them used condoms. In the sexual intercourse within the last one year, only 44.6 % took contraceptive measures every time they had sexual intercourse. Among those who took contraceptive measures, 64.4 % used condoms. Among those who had sexual intercourse, 101 persons got pregnant, with a rate of pregnancy being 4.3 %, accounting for 23.9 % of all who had sexual intercourse. Among those who got pregnant, 78 persons got pregnant once; the others became pregnant more than two times, the highest being 5 times. There were 122 persons who had inflammation of reproductive system, mostly vaginitis. Other conditions included venereal warts and herpes genitalis. It is concluded that the rate of sexual behaviors is high in female college students and there exist promiscuity, unexpected pregnancy and transmission of STD in the students. 展开更多
关键词 female college students sexual behavior CONTRACEPTION survey of current situation
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Investigation and Analysis of the Current Situation of Online Drug Sellers
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作者 Xu Guangwei Wang Shuling 《Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy》 2021年第2期174-179,共6页
Objective To provide reference for the relevant departments to train and manage online drug sellers.Methods A questionnaire was conducted among 124 grass-roots drug sellers from 13 online drug sales enterprises,includ... Objective To provide reference for the relevant departments to train and manage online drug sellers.Methods A questionnaire was conducted among 124 grass-roots drug sellers from 13 online drug sales enterprises,including Tmall Medical Center and JD Home Health Channel and 265 teachers and students from 33 pharmaceutical colleges and universities.The problems were analyzed in this paper and some specific suggestions were made.Results and Conclusion 389 questionnaires were sent out and 371 effective questionnaires were recovered.The effective recovery rate was 95.37%.The universities surveyed mainly recruited undergraduates,accounting for 66.7%of the total.Most of the employees in the online drug sales enterprises surveyed graduated from secondary school or universities,accounting for 91.9%.The number of graduates surveyed who were willing to work in the online drug sales enterprises was low,accounting for only 8.67%.Besides,it was difficult for online drug sellers to be promoted,71.7%of the respondents had no promotion opportunities.In view of the main problems such as the low professional quality of online drug sellers,their low willingness to engage in online drug sales,and few promotion opportunities,it is suggested the reform of licensed pharmacists should be deepened to improve the number and quality of online drug sellers.Meanwhile,we should learn the advanced experience from developed countries.In addition,the income and welfare of the online drug sellers should be improved.Lastly,a unified management platform must be set up for online drug sellers by technical means. 展开更多
关键词 online drug seller PHARMACY current situation survey
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贵州省疾病预防控制机构资源配置现状及公平性 被引量:3
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作者 王惠子 冯海哲 +6 位作者 杨星 蒋昔希 徐国红 肖浪潮 李亚情 罗翀 方森洲 《中国卫生资源》 北大核心 2022年第6期835-841,共7页
目的了解贵州全省疾病预防控制机构(以下简称“疾控机构”)资源配置现状,分析基层疾控机构资源配置公平性,为推进贵州等中西部欠发达地区疾病预防控制能力建设提供基线数据和决策建议。方法通过对贵州省的省、市、县三级疾控机构2020年... 目的了解贵州全省疾病预防控制机构(以下简称“疾控机构”)资源配置现状,分析基层疾控机构资源配置公平性,为推进贵州等中西部欠发达地区疾病预防控制能力建设提供基线数据和决策建议。方法通过对贵州省的省、市、县三级疾控机构2020年人力资源、财政保障、基础设施、实验室装备和检测能力4个维度调查,了解资源配置现状,采用集中指数和资源聚集度分析2020年基层疾控机构资源配置公平性。结果2020年末,贵州全省三级疾控机构在编人员5162人,专业技术人员占比及卫生专业技术人员占比分别为84.71%和79.70%,学历以大学本科为主(占55.13%)。全省疾控机构总收入为167486.89万元,其中,财政补助占比为91.11%;总支出为154917.69万元。省级疾控机构建筑面积达到标准要求,市级疾控机构7家(占77.78%)达标,县级疾控机构59家(占67.05%)达标。省级疾控机构可开展的实验项目数为1325项,市级疾控机构中位数为360项,县级疾控机构中位数为73项,基础设施建设和实验室能力是市、县两级机构的主要短板。县级疾控机构资源配置相对基本公平,实验室装备(50万元以上检测设备台套数)资源配置存在不公平。各市、州间县级疾控资源配置公平性存在差异。结论建议继续加大全省疾控机构能力建设,尤其是提升基层疾控机构服务能力。结合服务人口数、区域面积、辖区经济水平三大因素,制定省、市、县分级配置标准,继续加大对疾控人员招录,补足人员缺口。经济欠发达地区在加大对疾控工作的重视和政策宏观调控的同时,还应提供相对充足的财政保障,加大基础设施建设力度,强化实验室能力提升,尤其是加大大型实验室设备的投入。 展开更多
关键词 疾病预防控制disease prevention and control 资源配置resource allocation 集中指数concentration index 资源聚集度resource aggregation 现状调查current situation survey 贵州省Guizhou Province
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Optimal AK composite estimators in current population survey
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作者 Yang Cheng Jun Shao Zhou Yu 《Statistical Theory and Related Fields》 2017年第2期257-264,共8页
The Current Population Survey(CPS)is a monthly household sample survey with a sample consisting of eight rotation groups.Sampled individuals of a rotation group are interviewed four consecutive months and another four... The Current Population Survey(CPS)is a monthly household sample survey with a sample consisting of eight rotation groups.Sampled individuals of a rotation group are interviewed four consecutive months and another four consecutive months after resting eight consecutive months.A composite-type estimator is adopted in the CPS for the estimation of the monthly population total,which combines sample information from the current month’s survey and previous months using the fact that 75%households have data for two consecutive months.There are two values,A and K,in the composite estimator to decide how to combine the available information,and thus this estimator is called the AK composite estimator.In this paper,we use a formula of the meansquared error of AK composite estimator and propose an easy-to-use method of choosing A and K based on data,which evolves the estimation of some population quantities using the method of moments and replication.Some numerical studies are conducted to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. 展开更多
关键词 Composite estimator current population survey mean-squared error quadratic form sample notation
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Multi-outcome longitudinal small area estimation-a case study 被引量:1
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作者 Eric Slud Yves Thibaudeau 《Statistical Theory and Related Fields》 2019年第2期136-149,共14页
A recent paper [Thibaudeau, Slud, and Gottschalck (2017). Modeling log-linear conditional probabilities for estimation in surveys. The Annals of Applied Statistics, 11, 680–697] proposed a ‘hybrid’method of survey ... A recent paper [Thibaudeau, Slud, and Gottschalck (2017). Modeling log-linear conditional probabilities for estimation in surveys. The Annals of Applied Statistics, 11, 680–697] proposed a ‘hybrid’method of survey estimation combining coarsely cross-classified design-based survey-weightedtotals in a population with loglinear or generalised-linear model-based conditional probabilitiesfor cells in a finer cross-classification. The models were compared in weighted and unweightedforms on data from the US Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP), a large nationallongitudinal survey. The hybrid method was elaborated in a book-chapter [Thibaudeau, Slud,& Cheng (2019). Small-area estimation of cross-classified gross flows using longitudinal survey data. In P. Lynn (Ed.), Methodology of longitudinal surveys II. Wiley] about estimating grossflows in (two-period) longitudinal surveys, by considering fixed versus mixed effect versionsof the conditional-probability models and allowing for 3 or more outcomes in the later-periodcategories used to define gross flows within generalised logistic regression models. The methodology provided for point and interval small-area estimation, specifically area-level two-periodlabour-status gross-flow estimation, illustrated on a US Current Population Survey (CPS) datasetof survey respondents in two successive months in 16 states. In the current paper, that data analysis is expanded in two ways: (i) by analysing the CPS dataset in greater detail, incorporatingmultiple random effects (slopes as well as intercepts), using predictive as well as likelihood metrics for model quality, and (ii) by showing how Bayesian computation (MCMC) provides insightsconcerning fixed- versus mixed-effect model predictions. The findings from fixed-effect analyseswith state effects, from corresponding models with state random effects, and fom Bayes analysisof posteriors for the fixed state-effects with other model coefficients fixed, all confirm each otherand support a model with normal random state effects, independent across states. 展开更多
关键词 Bayesian computation current Population survey generalised logistic regression gross flows mixed-effects model small-area estimation
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