Reviews and prospects of human factors research on curve driving

In order to fully understand the research progress of human factors and traffic safety in curve driving,from the perspective of driver-vehicle-road-environment dynamic traffic system,this paper explored the current research status and development trend of human factors of curve driving,and displayed the development process and structural relationship of human factors research of curve driving by using scientific knowledge map.Through the core collection database of Web of Science,1408 English literatures related to human factors research of curve driving published from 2012 to 2022(as of October 1,2022)were obtained,and the literatures in this field were sorted and analyzed based on the VOSviewer visualization software.The results show that China,Tongji University and Accident Analysis and Prevention are the country,institution and journal with the largest contribution rate in the field of human factors research on curve driving.Co-citation analysis shows that the research contents in this field are divided into 5 clusters:driver’s visual characteristics,risk of collision,vehicle dynamics characteristics,the influence of traffic engineering facilities on driving behavior,selection of driving speed.The co-occurrence analysis of keywords shows that the topics of curve geometry design and vehicle dynamics,driving behavior and risk,driving speed and safety,behavior prediction and intervention measures are the current research hotspots in the research field.It is found that the development trend of traffic safety improvement in curves is to construct a continuous,consistent,multi-level visual reference frame conforming to driving expectation through visual guiding technology,and summarizes the technical concept of linear visual guidance.This study can provide a reference for the study of human factors of curve driving.

A Method for Calculating Oil Field Relative Permeability Curve by Using Water Drive Characteristic Curve in High Water Cut Stage

With the production of strong bottom water reservoir, it will soon enter the ultra-high water cut stage. After entering the ultra-high water cut period, the main means of stable production is liquid extraction. Large liquid volume has a certain impact on the physical property distribution and fluid seepage law of the oilfield. The relative permeability curve measured according to the industry standard is not used for the prediction of development indicators and the understanding of the dynamic law of the oilfield. In order to understand the characteristics of water drive law in high water cut stage of water drive oilfield, starting from the water drive characteristic curve in high water cut stage, the method for calculating the relative permeability curve is deduced. Through numerical simulation verification and fitting the actual production data, it is confirmed that the obtained relative permeability curve is in line with the reality of the oilfield, It can provide some guiding significance for understanding the production law and water drive law of strong bottom water reservoir in ultra-high water cut stage.

Systematic improvement in Tong's B-type water drive method

Tong's B-type water drive method was proposed as early as the 1970s and has been widely applied in the dynamic prediction and effective evaluation of oilfield development.Through extensive applications and studies,many researchers found that the statistical constants in the formula of the Tong's B-type water drive method(also referred to as the Tong's B-type formula)are not applicable to multiple types of reservoirs,especially low-permeability ones,due to the limited range of reservoir types when the formula was conceived.Moreover,they put forward suggestions to improve the Tong's B-type formula,most of which focused on the research and calculation of the first constant in the formula.For oilfields in the development stages of high or ultra-high water cuts,it is widely accepted that different types of reservoirs have different limit water cuts.This understanding naturally makes it necessary to further modify the Tong's B-type formula.It is practically significant to establish the water drive formula and cross plot considering that the two constants in the formula vary with reservoir type.By analyzing the derivation process and conditions of the Tong's B-type formula,this study points out two key problems,i.e.,the two constants 7.5 and 1.69 in the formula are not applicable to all types of reservoir.Given this,this study establishes a function between key reservoir parameters and the first constant and another function between key reservoir parameters and recovery efficiency.Based on the established two functions and considering that different types of oil reservoir have different limit water cuts,this study develops an improved Tong's B-type formula and prepares the corresponding improved cross plot.The results of this study will improve the applicability and accuracy of Tong's B-type water drive method in predicting the trend of water cut increasing for different types of oil reservoirs.

Dual Drive Curve Tool Path Planning Method for 5-axis NC Machining of Sculptured Surfaces

The problem of finished surface being not first-order continuous commonly exists in machining sculptured surfaces with a torus cutter and some other types of cutters. To solve this problem, a dual drive curve tool path planning method is proposed in this article. First, the maximum machining strip width of a whole tool path can be obtained through optimizing each tool position with multi-point machining （MPM） method. Second, two drive curves are then determined according to the obtained maximum machining strip width. Finally, the tool is positioned once more along the dual drive curve under the condition of tool path smoothness. A computer simulation and cutting experiments are carried out to testify the performance of the new method. The machined surface is measured with a coordinate measuring machine （CMM） to examine the machining quality. The results obtained show that this method can effectively eliminate sharp scallops between adjacent tool paths, keep tool paths smooth, and improve the surface machining quality as well as machining efficiency.