This article represents the main positions of the theory of pleiotropic action of biologically active compounds (BACs) and medicines, which has been designed by the author based on her own experimental researches. The...This article represents the main positions of the theory of pleiotropic action of biologically active compounds (BACs) and medicines, which has been designed by the author based on her own experimental researches. The term “pleiotropy” means the ability of the BACs and medicines to implement more than one mechanism of action resulting in the specific biological (pharmacological) effect. The interaction of these mechanisms forms a distinct pattern of biological response (pleiotropic pattern), which reflects the change in his character with the increased dose (concentration)-dependent efficacy of BACs and medicines. The article consists of description of different pleiotropic patterns established in experiments on the model of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by macrophages dependent on activity of specialized enzyme called Nox2-NAD(P)H oxidase (Nox2, EC 1.6.3.1). Moreover, it consists of explanation of pharmacodynamic nature of pleiotropic patterns by means of application Chou-Talalay median effect equalization and combination index (CI) theory. The novel theory explains unsolved until now universal aspects of activity BACs and medicines, such as slope angles of “dose-effect” dependences in the conditions relevant in vivo, and it is of fundamental interest. However, it has applications in experimental pharmacology, as it allows defining the choice of the individual compounds and combinations, modulating the trust effect selectively and efficiently. This knowledge opens up new approaches to medicines discovery and evaluation, their rational dosing and combining.展开更多
Hericium erinaceus is a nutritious edible and medicinal fungi,rich in a variety of functional active ingredients,with various physiological functions such as antioxidation,anticancer,and enhancing immunity.It is also ...Hericium erinaceus is a nutritious edible and medicinal fungi,rich in a variety of functional active ingredients,with various physiological functions such as antioxidation,anticancer,and enhancing immunity.It is also effective in protecting the digestive system and preventing neurodegenerative diseases.In this review paper,we summarize the sources,structures and efficacies of the main active components in H.erinaceus fruiting body,mycelium,and culture media,and update the latest research progress on their biological activities and the related molecular mechanisms.Based on this information,we provide detailed challenges in current research,industrialization and information on the active ingredients of H.erinaceus.Perspectives for future studies and new applications of H.erinaceus are proposed.展开更多
Abstract Sea cucumbers belong to the Class Holothuroidea of marine invertebrates. They are commercially valuable and prized as a food and folk medicine in Asia. Nutritionally, sea cucumbers have an impressive profile ...Abstract Sea cucumbers belong to the Class Holothuroidea of marine invertebrates. They are commercially valuable and prized as a food and folk medicine in Asia. Nutritionally, sea cucumbers have an impressive profile of valuable nutrients such as vitamins, minerals and amino acids. A number of unique biological and pharmacological activities/properties, including anticancer, anticoagulant/antithrombotic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antihyperlipidemic, antihyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, antihypertension and radioprotective, have been ascribed to various compounds isolated from sea cucumbers. The therapeutic properties and medicinal benefits of sea cucumbers can be linked to the presence of a wide array ofbioactives, especially triterpene glycosides, acid mucopolysaccharide, sphingoid bases, glycolipids, fucosylated chondroitin sulfate, polysaccharides, phospholipids, cerebrosides, phosphatidylcholines, and other extracts and hydrolysates. This review highlights the valuable bioactive components as well as the multiple therapeutic properties of sea cucumbers with a view to exploring their potential uses as functional foods and a natural source of new multifunctional drugs.展开更多
Fortunella margarita（Lour.） Swingle, commonly known as kumquat, is the smallest citrus fruit. It thrives in southeastern China and is widely cultivated and consumed in the world due to its multiple health benefits. ...Fortunella margarita（Lour.） Swingle, commonly known as kumquat, is the smallest citrus fruit. It thrives in southeastern China and is widely cultivated and consumed in the world due to its multiple health benefits. It has been used as an important herbal medicine in traditional Chinese medicine and also as one of the most popular fruits. There are various kinds of bioactive compounds in F. margarita, such as polysaccharides, limonoids, essential oils, flavonoids, phenolic acids, vitamins, dietary fiber, etc. In addition, many studies have reported that these bioactive compounds can be used as antioxidant, antimicrobial, hypolipidemic, drosophila lure components in functional foods, pharmaceuticals and daily chemical products due to their biological activities. This review focuses on the structural features and biological activities of polysaccharides, limonoids, essential oils and flavonoids and other bioactive substances from F. margarita and their potential applications in food, daily chemical and pharmaceutical industries.展开更多
Basidial fungi have long been known as sources of antitumor compounds such as polysaccharides. Studies conducted by scientists from different countries demonstrate that polysaccharides and other fungal compounds （pro...Basidial fungi have long been known as sources of antitumor compounds such as polysaccharides. Studies conducted by scientists from different countries demonstrate that polysaccharides and other fungal compounds （proteins, glycoproteins, terpenoids, melanins, nucleosides, etc.） exhibit antiviral activity against many viruses pathogenic for humans. The review presents data on the studied antiviral activities of higher basidial fungi against herpes, West Nile, influenza, human immunodeficiency and hepatitis viruses as well as orthopoxviruses including variola virus. Many species of basidial fungi and various classes of biologically active compounds obtained from them are capable of effectively inhibiting the development of viruses in cells and animals while possessing low toxicity. Biologically active compounds from the same fungal species can exhibit antiviral effects against different pathogens. Effective strains isolated from wild mushrooms in culture represent promising objects for the development of biotechnological drugs, including ones possessing antiviral activity. The data on antitumor and antiviral activities of compounds from the same fungal species indicate the correlation of these properties. In this connection, preparations of basidial fungi may have prophylactic value in preventing cancers of viral etiology.展开更多
Three Hypericum perforatum hairy root lines(HR B,HR F and HR H)along with non-transformed roots were analyzed for phenolic compounds composition and in vitro enzyme inhibitory properties.In silico molecular modeling w...Three Hypericum perforatum hairy root lines(HR B,HR F and HR H)along with non-transformed roots were analyzed for phenolic compounds composition and in vitro enzyme inhibitory properties.In silico molecular modeling was performed to predict the interactions of the most representative phenolic compounds in HR clones with enzymes related to depression,neurodegeneration and diabetes.Chromatographic analyses revealed that HR clones represent an efficient source of quinic acid and hydroxybenzoic acids,epicatechin and procyanidin derivatives,quercetin and kaempferol glycosides,as well numerous xanthones.In vitro antidepressant activity of HR extracts through monoamine oxidase A(MAO-A)inhibition was attributed to the production of oxygenated and prenylated xanthones.The neuroprotective potential of HR extracts was related to the accumulation of quercetin 6-C-glucoside,epicatechin,procyanidins andγ-mangostin isomers as potential inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase(AChE)and butyrylcholinesterase(BChE).Vanillic acid and prenylated xanthones in HR clones as promising inhibitors of tyrosinase additionally contributed to the neuroprotective activity.Five preeminent xanthones in HR(γ-mangostin,mangiferin,garcinone C,garcinone E and 1,3,7-trihydroxy-6-metoxy-8-prenyl xanthone)along with the flavonol quercetin 6-C-glucoside effectively inhibitedα-amylase andα-glucosidase indicating the antidiabetic properties of HR extracts.Transgenic roots of H.perforatum can be exploited for the preparation of novel phytoproducts with multi-biological activities.展开更多
文摘This article represents the main positions of the theory of pleiotropic action of biologically active compounds (BACs) and medicines, which has been designed by the author based on her own experimental researches. The term “pleiotropy” means the ability of the BACs and medicines to implement more than one mechanism of action resulting in the specific biological (pharmacological) effect. The interaction of these mechanisms forms a distinct pattern of biological response (pleiotropic pattern), which reflects the change in his character with the increased dose (concentration)-dependent efficacy of BACs and medicines. The article consists of description of different pleiotropic patterns established in experiments on the model of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by macrophages dependent on activity of specialized enzyme called Nox2-NAD(P)H oxidase (Nox2, EC 1.6.3.1). Moreover, it consists of explanation of pharmacodynamic nature of pleiotropic patterns by means of application Chou-Talalay median effect equalization and combination index (CI) theory. The novel theory explains unsolved until now universal aspects of activity BACs and medicines, such as slope angles of “dose-effect” dependences in the conditions relevant in vivo, and it is of fundamental interest. However, it has applications in experimental pharmacology, as it allows defining the choice of the individual compounds and combinations, modulating the trust effect selectively and efficiently. This knowledge opens up new approaches to medicines discovery and evaluation, their rational dosing and combining.
基金supported by the fund from Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China(LY17C200017)。
文摘Hericium erinaceus is a nutritious edible and medicinal fungi,rich in a variety of functional active ingredients,with various physiological functions such as antioxidation,anticancer,and enhancing immunity.It is also effective in protecting the digestive system and preventing neurodegenerative diseases.In this review paper,we summarize the sources,structures and efficacies of the main active components in H.erinaceus fruiting body,mycelium,and culture media,and update the latest research progress on their biological activities and the related molecular mechanisms.Based on this information,we provide detailed challenges in current research,industrialization and information on the active ingredients of H.erinaceus.Perspectives for future studies and new applications of H.erinaceus are proposed.
文摘Abstract Sea cucumbers belong to the Class Holothuroidea of marine invertebrates. They are commercially valuable and prized as a food and folk medicine in Asia. Nutritionally, sea cucumbers have an impressive profile of valuable nutrients such as vitamins, minerals and amino acids. A number of unique biological and pharmacological activities/properties, including anticancer, anticoagulant/antithrombotic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antihyperlipidemic, antihyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, antihypertension and radioprotective, have been ascribed to various compounds isolated from sea cucumbers. The therapeutic properties and medicinal benefits of sea cucumbers can be linked to the presence of a wide array ofbioactives, especially triterpene glycosides, acid mucopolysaccharide, sphingoid bases, glycolipids, fucosylated chondroitin sulfate, polysaccharides, phospholipids, cerebrosides, phosphatidylcholines, and other extracts and hydrolysates. This review highlights the valuable bioactive components as well as the multiple therapeutic properties of sea cucumbers with a view to exploring their potential uses as functional foods and a natural source of new multifunctional drugs.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2016J05068)High Level University Construction Projects of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(612014042)+2 种基金Science and Technology Development Foundation Project of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(KF2015101)Leading Talents Support Program of Science and Technology Innovation in Fujian Province(KRC16002A)Excellent Talents Support Program of Colleges and Universities in Fujian Province(JA14094)
文摘Fortunella margarita（Lour.） Swingle, commonly known as kumquat, is the smallest citrus fruit. It thrives in southeastern China and is widely cultivated and consumed in the world due to its multiple health benefits. It has been used as an important herbal medicine in traditional Chinese medicine and also as one of the most popular fruits. There are various kinds of bioactive compounds in F. margarita, such as polysaccharides, limonoids, essential oils, flavonoids, phenolic acids, vitamins, dietary fiber, etc. In addition, many studies have reported that these bioactive compounds can be used as antioxidant, antimicrobial, hypolipidemic, drosophila lure components in functional foods, pharmaceuticals and daily chemical products due to their biological activities. This review focuses on the structural features and biological activities of polysaccharides, limonoids, essential oils and flavonoids and other bioactive substances from F. margarita and their potential applications in food, daily chemical and pharmaceutical industries.
文摘Basidial fungi have long been known as sources of antitumor compounds such as polysaccharides. Studies conducted by scientists from different countries demonstrate that polysaccharides and other fungal compounds （proteins, glycoproteins, terpenoids, melanins, nucleosides, etc.） exhibit antiviral activity against many viruses pathogenic for humans. The review presents data on the studied antiviral activities of higher basidial fungi against herpes, West Nile, influenza, human immunodeficiency and hepatitis viruses as well as orthopoxviruses including variola virus. Many species of basidial fungi and various classes of biologically active compounds obtained from them are capable of effectively inhibiting the development of viruses in cells and animals while possessing low toxicity. Biologically active compounds from the same fungal species can exhibit antiviral effects against different pathogens. Effective strains isolated from wild mushrooms in culture represent promising objects for the development of biotechnological drugs, including ones possessing antiviral activity. The data on antitumor and antiviral activities of compounds from the same fungal species indicate the correlation of these properties. In this connection, preparations of basidial fungi may have prophylactic value in preventing cancers of viral etiology.
文摘Three Hypericum perforatum hairy root lines(HR B,HR F and HR H)along with non-transformed roots were analyzed for phenolic compounds composition and in vitro enzyme inhibitory properties.In silico molecular modeling was performed to predict the interactions of the most representative phenolic compounds in HR clones with enzymes related to depression,neurodegeneration and diabetes.Chromatographic analyses revealed that HR clones represent an efficient source of quinic acid and hydroxybenzoic acids,epicatechin and procyanidin derivatives,quercetin and kaempferol glycosides,as well numerous xanthones.In vitro antidepressant activity of HR extracts through monoamine oxidase A(MAO-A)inhibition was attributed to the production of oxygenated and prenylated xanthones.The neuroprotective potential of HR extracts was related to the accumulation of quercetin 6-C-glucoside,epicatechin,procyanidins andγ-mangostin isomers as potential inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase(AChE)and butyrylcholinesterase(BChE).Vanillic acid and prenylated xanthones in HR clones as promising inhibitors of tyrosinase additionally contributed to the neuroprotective activity.Five preeminent xanthones in HR(γ-mangostin,mangiferin,garcinone C,garcinone E and 1,3,7-trihydroxy-6-metoxy-8-prenyl xanthone)along with the flavonol quercetin 6-C-glucoside effectively inhibitedα-amylase andα-glucosidase indicating the antidiabetic properties of HR extracts.Transgenic roots of H.perforatum can be exploited for the preparation of novel phytoproducts with multi-biological activities.
